RIO Unit 06- Biology
Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology
1. Why is the presence of DNA important for cellular metabolic activities? (Evaluating)
A Because DNA directs the production of enzymes
B Because DNA is a structural component of cell walls
C Because DNA directly increases the solubility of nutrients
D Because DNA is the major component of cytoplasm
2. Which nitrogenous bases make up DNA nucleotides? (Knowing)
A Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
B Adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine
C Adenine, thymine, uracil, and cytosine
D Adenine, thymine, guanine, and uracil
3. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? (Analyzing)
A Ribose + phosphate group + thymine
B Ribose + phosphate group + uracil
C Deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
D Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
4. What does DNA contain that RNA does not? (Knowing)
A Uracil
B Thymine
C Cytosine
D Guanine
5. Which type(s) of RNA is/are involved in protein synthesis? (Organizing)
A Transfer RNA only
B Messenger RNA only
C Ribosomal RNA and Transfer RNA only
D Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA and Messenger RNA
6. How could the RNA molecule formed during transcription be described? (Analyzing)
A It is complementary to both strands of DNA
B It is complimentary to neither strand of DNA
C It is double-stranded
D It is formed inside of the nucleus
7. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? (Applying)
A 3
B 6
C 9
D 12
8. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others? (Evaluating)
A Transcription
B tRNA
C Polypeptide
D Anticodon
9. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
A tRNA
B rRNA
C mRNA
D RNA polymerase
10. What is the process in which DNA is copied? (Knowing)
A Replication
B Translation
C Transcription
D Transformation
11. Which best describes eukaryotic DNA? (Analyzing)
A It floats freely
B It is located in the nucleus
C It is locate at the ribosomes
D It is circular
12. What is produced during transcription?(Generating)
A RNA molecules
B DNA molecules
C RNA polymerase
D Proteins
13. What happens during the process of translation? (Analyzing)
A Messenger RNA is made from DNA
B The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
C Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA
D Copies of DNA molecules are made
14. What is the ultimate source of genetic variability? (Analyzing)
A Inbreeding
B Plasmids
C Mutations
D Hybridization
15. What is a mutation that involves a single nucleotide? (Knowing)
A Chromosomal mutation
B Inversion
C Point mutation
D Translocation
16. What does analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allow scientists to do? (Integrating)
A Identify similarities in the genomes of different kinds of organisms
B Determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive
C Compare the phenotypes of different organisms
D Cut DNA with restriction enzymes
17. What is the molecule pictured above? (Applying)
A A nucleic acid
B A protein
C An amino acid
D Uracil
18. What is a clone? (Analyzing)
A An organism with recombinant DNA
B A genetically identical organism
C An organism produced in a laboratory
D An organism with a genetic deformity
19. Which technique is utilized by scientists to reproduce large quantities of a sequence of DNA in a relatively short amount of time? (Evaluating)
A Gel Electrophoresis
B Restriction Enzyme Analysis
C Polymerase Chain Reaction
D Southern Blotting
20. What is represented by the dotted lines in the diagram above? (Knowing)
A Covalent bonds
B Ionic bonds
C Vander Waals interactions
D Hydrogen bonds
21. Which of the following can be used to produce organisms with desirable traits? (Evaluating)
I. Inbreeding
II. Genetic engineering
III. Inducing mutations
A I only
B II only
C I and III only
D I, II, and III
22. Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to plasmids? (Evaluating)
A Made of DNA
B In bacterial cells
C In animal cells
D Circular
The following reading should be used for questions 23-24.
A researcher chooses a plasmid with a gene that confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. She isolates and tries to insert a human gene that encodes for a protein into the plasmid. Next, she transforms bacteria using the plasmid. She then cultures the bacteria on a nutrient medium containing ampicillin.
23. What can the researcher conclude about the bacteria containing the human gene? (Integrating)
I They are resistant to ampicillin
II They contain recombinant DNA
III They contain a human gene
A I only
B II only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
24. Which of the following would indicate that the bacteria contain the human gene? (Generating)
I They are resistant to ampicillin
II They produce the human protein encoded by the human gene
III They produce ampicillin
A I only
B II only
C II and III only
D I, II and III only
25. What has the ability to cut DNA into shorter segments? (Analyzing)
A Plasmids
B Restriction enzymes
C Mutagens
D Clones
26. During DNA replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence TATGA? (Generating)
A TATGA
B UAUGA
C ATACT
D ATACA
27. Which of the following nucleotide(s) bond(s) with adenine? (Organizing)
A Thymine only
B Uracil only
C Cytosine and guanine
D Thymine and uracil
28. Which of the following molecules includes anticodons in its structure? (Organizing)
A DNA
B Messenger RNA
C Transfer RNA
D Ribosomal RNA
Use the following information to answer questions 29-30.
A scientist analyzed several DNA samples to determine the relative proportions of purine and pyrimidine bases. Her data are summarized in the table below:
Percentages of Bases in Three Samples
Sample / G / C / A / T#1 / 35% / 35% / 15% / 15%
#2 / 40% / 10% / 40% / 10%
#3 / 25% / 25% / 25% / 25%
29. Which sample(s) support(s) the base-pairing rules? (Applying))
A Sample #1 only
B Samples #1 and #3
C Sample #3 only
D Sample #1, #2 and #3
30. If the scientist had analyzed mRNA rather that DNA, what percentage of uracil would you expect to find in sample #1? (Generating)
A 15%
B 25%
C 35%
D 40%
31. What is an expressed gene? (Applying)
A One that functions as a promoter
B One that is transcribed into RNA
C One that codes for only one amino acid
D One that is made of mRNA
32. What are changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information? (Knowing)
A Replications
B Mutations
C Transformations
D Prokaryotes
33. How many amino acids can be produced from a single translation of an mRNA strand that is 30 nucleotides long? (Applying)
A 30
B 10
C 3
D 60
Use the Codon Chart above to answer questions 34-36.
34. Which of the following codons would encode for the alanine amino acid? (Analyzing)
A GAU
B GCU
C CGC
D GUU
35. What is the amino acid sequence formed by the sequence of RNA nucleotides AUG-UGG-CUA? (Evaluating)
A Methionine-Stop
B Tyrosine- Threonine- Aspartate
C Methionine- Tryptophan- Leucine
D Valine- Glycine- Threonine
36. What is the amino acid sequence formed by the sequence of DNA nucleotides TAC-AAA-CGT? (Integrating)
A Methionine- Phenylalanine- Alanine
B Methionine- Leucine- Alanine
C Tyrosine- Lysine- Arginine
D Leucine- Phenylalanine- Serine