Challenges of Climate crisis and its Mitigation Strategies
Gourang Charan Swain
To meet the challenges of climate crisis is need of the day .So we all including scientists social workers and global publics have to look for its solutions. Human civilization and the earths, ecosystem are colliding, and the climate crisis is the most prominent, destructive, and threatening manifestation of this collision. It is often lumped togged with other ecological crisis, such as the destruction of the ocean fishers and coral reefs; the growing shortages of freshwater; depletion of top soils in many prime agricultural areas; cutting and burning of ancient forests; including tropical and sub-tropical rain forests rich in species diversity; extinction crisis; the introduction of long-lived toxic pollutants into the biosphere and accumulation of toxic waste from chemical processing, mining and other industrial activities ; air pollution and water pollution.
Prospects and Potential of Hybrid Rice Cultivation of Odisha
Hatnath Subudhi
Rice is the staple food of 70% of population in Orissa, it is cultivated in 4.6 mill. ha. To maintain an adequate supply of rice for the growing population is a formidable task for the scientific community. The rice requirement of the country is estimated to be 140mil. tons by 2020.The increase must be achieved in the face of declining arable land and water supplies and in an adverse environment. The combination of the genetic engineering with improved plant breeding offer solution to the demand for food security. The adoption of hybrid rice is an important strategy to meet this challenge. Hybrid rice exploits the phenomenon of hybrid vigour (heterosis), which can increase the yield potential by 1.0-1.5 t/ha over the semi dwarf high yielding verities. Commercial success of hybrid rice in china has clearly demonstrated the potential of this technology to meet the over increasing demand of rice world over.
Hydrogen-The Fuel of Immediate Future
Priya Lata Jena
Global pollution levels are now at all time high. Petroleum prices are soaring at an exponential rate. Coal reserves are fast depleting. Global per capita energy consumption seems to be sky- rocking. If these are not symptoms of an impending energy crisis, then only god knows what are! If this trend goes on, the world is undoubtedly spearheading towards a morethanserious energy predicament. Scientists predict that by the year 2030, the world could be facing a genuine shortage of petroleum, if not running it out completely. The time is not far off when the extraction of petroleum becomes financially impractical. This will shortly be followed by the wholesome physical impossibility of oil extraction itself. Natural gas and coal are slated to follow suit. Some scientists even go to the extent of opining that conventional fuels bring about more damage than benefit to the mankind in the long run, citing pollution due to oxides of carbon and sulphur as examples. It is high time we investigated our cleaner energy sources to sustain our future generations. In this context, we can consider Hydrogen as the fuel of immediate future.
Nano Technology in Road Construction: Opportunity and Challenges
Padma Lochan Nayak
Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that allows us to develop materials with improved or totally new properties.
Nanotechnology is the use of very small particles of materials either by themselves or by their manipulation to create new large scale materials. The size of the particle through very important of the length scale of the nano meter, 10-9 m, the properties of the materials is actually affected. The presciseb change at which these changes are menifestes, but usually in he order of 100nm or less.
Species and its Health Benefits
Reena Chauhan, Kumara B.H. and M.K. Rana
Species and condiments need no introduction since India is known the worlds over as the Home of Species. Species are defined as a strongly flovored or aromatic substance of vegetable origin, obtained from tropical plants and commonly used as a condiment. American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) defines species as any dried plant product used primarily for seasoning purposes. The word spice came from the Latin word species, meaning specific kind. Species constitute an important group agricultural commodities, which are virtually indispensable in culinary art. Nobody can imagine food without spices. Right from the kitchen and medicinal uses in homes, species have an important role to play in different places. They play a significant role in national economy too and so in the national economy o several spice producing, exporting and importing countries. The name reflects the all plants parts have been cultivated for their aromatic fragrant, pungent, or any other desirable properties including the seed (aniseed, caraway and coriander ), leaf (cilantro, curry, bay and min), berry (allspice, juniper and black pepper), bark (cinnamon), kernel(nutmeg), aril(mace), stem(chives), stalk(lemongrass), rhizome (ginger, turmeric and galangal) root(lovage and horseradish), flower(saffron), bulb (garlic and onion) fruit (star anise, cardamom and peppers) and flower bud (clove). Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are leafy green plant parts used for favouring purpose. Herbs, such as basil or orengano, may be used fresh or powder.
Vesicle Trafficking in Eukaryotic Cells
Shikha Singh Animesh K. Mohapatra
The 2013 Nobel prize in physiology or Medicine is awarded to Dr. James E. Rothman , Dr. Randy W. Scheman and Dr. Thomas C. Sudhof for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells. They jointly decode the human cell transport mechanism and represent a static shift in our understanding of how the eukaryotic the routing of molecules packages in vesicles to various intercellular destination as well as to the outside of the cell
- Randy W. Schekman used yeast genetics and identify a set of genes critical for vesicular trafficking.
- James E. Rothman identified proteins that form a functional complex controlling cell fusion.
- Thomas C. Sudhof explained how vesicle fusion machinery was controlled by identifying key regulatory components in the vesicle fusion machinery.
Their discoveries explain a long standing enigma in cell biology and shed new light on how disturbances in this machinery can have deleterious effects and contribute to conditions such as neurological diseases diabetes and immunological disorder.
Antioxidant Effect of Vitamins on Spermatogenesis in Lead Treated Swiss mice
Manoj Kumar Panda
Lead is a potential heavy metal of group IV of the periodic table. It is widely used in different industries and has been associated with male reproductive abnormities in Swiss mice. Metal induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) may impair spermatogenesis or change the morphology of sperms. The present study investigates the induction of oxidative stress in testis of mice over time (5th 8th weeks) after a single peritoneal dose (5mg/kg body weight)of lead acetate. Exposed animals showed significant decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes like catalase and peroxidase, decreased in sperm count and markedly increased in the rate of sperm abnormality. Oxidative stress was measured in terms of increase of malonicdialdehyde content of lipids. Our results revealed that vitamin–C is more effective as compared to vitamin-E in ameliorating lead toxicity on spermatogenesis of Swiss mice, whereas vitamin–C & vitamin-E in combination greatly reversed the toxic effect of lead on tests by increasing the level of catalase and peroxidase activities
Key Words: Swiss mice, Testis, Lead acetate, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Lipid per-oxidation, Sperm count, Sperm abnormality.
Application of Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy Opportunity and Challenges
Padma Lochan Nayak
Cancer is the third leading causes of death (after heart disease and stroke) in developed countries and the second leading cause of death (after heart disease) In the United States. Studies have shown that there were 10 million new cases, 6 million deaths, and 22 million people living with cancer worldwide in the year 2000.These numbers represent an increase of about 22% in incidence and morality from that of the year 1990.It is projected that the number of new cases of all cancers worldwide will be 12.3 and 15.4 million in the year 2015 and 2020, respectively. In 2013, a total of 1,437,180 new cancer cases and 565,650 cancer deaths were estimated to occur in the United States alone
Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary research field involving chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine, has great potential for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment of cancer Nanoparticles are typically smaller than several hundred nanometers in size of about one hundred to ten thousand times smaller than human cells, these nanoparticles can offer unprecedented interactions with biomolecules.
One of the major applications of nanotechnology is in biomedicine. Nanopraticles can be targeted delivery of drugs and imaging labels by overcoming the many biological, biophysical, and biomedical barriers. For in vitro and ex vivo applications, the advantages of state-of-the-art nanodevices (e.g. nanochips and nanosensors) over traditional assay methods are obvious.
Extension of Our Immune System: Micro to Macro-Environment
Swati Mohanty & P.L. Nayak
MicroRNAs are 20-25 nucleotide long oligo-nucleotides (RNA) govern many physiological processes including immune response. The micro-RNA environment of a cell is inducible through enzymes and chemokines. It has also been described as how T-reg regulation involves micro RNA and an enzymes Dicer. Here, It has been tried to attempt to put forth a simple model involving a key enzyme Dicer which is present in all eukaryotic cells, as to how , our immune systems have counter-parts at the molecular level and a proposition of the involvement of the enzyme in T-cell activation and B-cell class-switching.
Key-Words: MicroRNA, Dicer, T-Reg