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Skills Worksheet
Ch. 4 The Cell in Action - Chapter Review
using key terms
1.Use the following terms in the same sentence: diffusion and osmosis.
2.In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: exocytosis and endocytosis.
Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank.
cellular respirationphotosynthesisfermentation
3.Plants use ______to make glucose.
4.During ______, oxygen is used to break down food molecules releasing large amounts of energy.
For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
5.cytokinesis and mitosis
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6.active transport and passive transport
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7.cellular respiration and fermentation
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Chapter Review continued
understanding key ideas
Multiple Choice
_____8.The process in which particles move through a membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration is
a.diffusion. c. active transport.
b.passive transport. d. fermentation.
_____9.What is the result of mitosis and cytokinesis?
a.two identical cells c. chloroplasts
b.two nuclei d. two different cells
_____ 10. Before the energy in food can be used by a cell, the energy must first be transferred to molecules of
a.proteins. c. DNA.
b.carbohydrates. d. ATP.
_____ 11. Which of the following cells would form a cell plate during the cell cycle?
a.a human cell c. a plant cell
b.a prokaryotic cell d. All of the above
Short Answer
12.Are exocytosis and endocytosis examples of active or passive transport? Explain your answer.
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13.Name the cell structures that are needed for photosynthesis and the cell structures that are needed for cellular respiration.
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14.Describe the three stages of the cell cycle of a eukaryotic cell.
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Chapter Review continued
CRITICAL THINKING
15.Concept Mapping Use the following terms to create a concept map: chromosome duplication, cytokinesis, prokaryote, mitosis, cell cycle, binary fission, and eukaryote.
Chapter Review continued
16.Making Inferences Which one of the plants pictured below was given water mixed with salt, and which one was given pure water? Explain how you know, and be sure to use the word osmosis in your answer.
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17.Identifying Relationships Why would your muscle cells need to be supplied with more food when there is a lack of oxygen than when there is plenty of oxygen present?
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18.Applying Concepts A parent cell has 10 chromosomes.
a. Will the cell go through binary fission or mitosis and cytokinesis to produce new cells?
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b. How many chromosomes will each new cell have after the parent cell divides?
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Chapter Review continued
interpreting graphics
The picture below shows a cell. Use the picture below to answer the questions that follow.
19.Is the cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
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20.Which stage of the cell cycle is this cell in?
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21.How many chromatids are present? How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are present?
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22.How many chromosomes will be present in each of the new cells after the cell divides?
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AnswerKey
Chapter Review
1.Sample answer: Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
2.Sample answer: Exocytosis is the process cells use to remove large particles; endocytosis is the process cells use to move large particles into a cell.
3.photosynthesis
4.cellular respiration
5.Cytokinesis is the division of just the cytoplasm. Mitosis is the process in eukaryotic cells in which the nuclear material splits to form two new nuclei.
6. Active transport requires the cell to use energy to move substances. Passive transport does not require the cell to use any energy.
7.Cellular respiration releases stored energyby using oxygen. Fermentation releases stored energy without using oxygen.
8.C
9.A
10.D
11.C
12. Endocytosis and exocytosis are examples of active transport. In both processes the cell must change shape, wrap around a particle, and make other movements that require the cell to use energy.
13. Chloroplasts are needed for photosyn nuclear membrane dissolves, and the thesis. Cellular respiration requires mitochondria.
14. The first stage is cell growth and copying of DNA (duplication.) The second stage is mitosis, which involves separating the duplicated chromosomes. The third stage is cytokinesis (cell division), which results in two separate, identical cells.
15. An answer to this exercise can be found at the end of the Teacher Edition.
16. The plant on the left was given pure water. The plant on the right was given salt water. Osmosis occurred in both plants. In the plant on the left, water moved into the plant because the concentration of water was lower in the plant than in the soil. So, the plant on the left did not wilt. In the plant on the right, the water in the plant moved into the soil, where the concentration of water was lower. The concentration of water in the soil was lower becausethe water contained salt. As a result, the plant on the right wilted.
17. When there is plenty of oxygen, the cells can get energy from cellular respiration. When there is a lack of oxygen, the cell must use fermentation, which doesn’t produce as much energy. For fermentation to produce more energy, more food would be required.
18. a. The cell is a eukaryotic cell and will go through mitosis and cytokinesis. Prokaryotic cells have only one chro- mosome. b. Each new cell will receive a copy of each chromosome, so each new cell will have 10 chromosomes.
19. The cell is eukaryotic because it shows chromatids held together at a centromere. Prokaryotic cells do not have chromatids.
20. The cell is in mitosis because the chromosomes have already duplicated.
21. There are 12 chromatids. There are three pairs of homologous chromosomes.
22. There will be six chromosomes in each new cell.
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Holt Science and Technology1The Cell in Action