The Kingdom Protista – Notes Name: ______
What is a Protist? / Any ______that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus (kingdom of leftovers)Eukaryote – any unicellular or multicellular organism that has a nucleus and other organelles within its cell or cells
Most Protists are ______, some are multicellular.
Evolution: from bacteria to protists / Protists were the first eukaryotic organisms to evolve on Earth.
Lynn Margulis- hypothesized first ______cell formed by a close relationship among several ______or bacterial cells.
Many scientists agree that animals, fungi, and plants evolved from protists.
Classification of Protists / Protists are classified into 3 Phyla based upon how they obtain ______.
- Protozoa:Animal-like
- Algae: Plant-like
- Slime Molds and Water Molds:Fungus-like protists
The Protozoa (Animal Like Protists) / ______-are the animal-like protists. Protozoa are consumers. They obtain food from environment -they eat).
Examples of Protozoa: Paramecium and Amoeba
Protozoa are important because they cause many human ______like African sleeping sickness and amoebic dysentery (diarrhea)
Paramecium – An animal-like protist (Protozoan)
The Slime Molds (Fungus Like Protists) / ______molds and ______molds- fungus-like protists are decomposers that obtain food by external digestion of dead organisms or animal wastes. They secrete digestive enzymes onto their food source and then absorb it (this is weird). Eat and reproduce like fungi, but they do not have chitin in their cell walls like fungi do
Importance of Fungus-like Protists:
______- important decomposers in forests and swamps
______– decomposers in water, parasites on land. The water mold Phytophthorainfestans caused the Great Potato Famine in Ireland in 1845.
The Algae (Plant Like Protists) / ______-plant-like protistsare producers. They use sunlight to make their own food through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis producers are able to convert sunlight into a form of energy that all living things can use.
.
Ex: ______Algae and Multicellular Algae
Euglena – A unicellular plant-like protist (Algae)
Importance of Unicellular Algae:
As producers unicellular algae:
1. Harness the energy from the sun to form the base of ______chains in the ocean as phytoplankton
2. Carry out the majority of earth’s photosynthesis – produce most of Earth’s ______
Harmful effects of Unicellular Algae:
1. ______- huge masses of algae quickly deplete nutrients in water; algal cells quickly die in great numbers; their decay depletes the supply of oxygen in water; kills fish and invertebrates
2. ______- type of algal bloom that produce a potentially dangerous toxin- shellfish can become full of the toxin- if eaten can cause serious illness, paralysis, even death
Importance of Multicellular Algae
As producers multicellular algae:
______source for many sea animals.
Produce much of earth’s ______.
Home or refuge for many sea animals (kelp forests and Sargasso Sea).
Human uses of multicellular algae
Source of vitamin C and ______-
Wrap for ______.
Additive for ______, pudding, candy bars.
Chemicals from Algae used in plastics, waxes, deodorants, paints and lubricants.
Some chemicals extracted from algae used to treat ______, high blood pressure, etc.