HILCHOS TA’ARUVOS
SHIUR / TOPIC / YOREH DEAH / PIRKEI SHOSHOHIM1 / Issur That Fell Into Heiter / 98:1 / 1-7
2 / Taam K’ikar Siman / 98:2-3 / 9-17
3 / Ch’n’n B’Kalim / 98:4-5 / 19-26
4 / Other Measurements / 98:6-9 / 28-31
5 / Issur Bones / 99:1-4 / 33-37
6 / Ain M’vatlin Issur L’chatchila / 99:5 / 40-46
7 / Ain M’vatlin B’issurai D’rabbanan / 99:6-7 / 48-52
8 / B’ria / 100 / 55-59
9 / Chaticha Har’uya L’hischabad / 101 / 62-68
10 / Davar Sheyaish Lo Matirin / 102:1-3 / 70-75
11 / Davar Sheyaish Lo Matirin / 102:4 / 77-80
12 / Nosain Ta’am Lifgam / 103:1-4 / 82-87
13 / Aino Ben Yomo Kailim / 103:5-7 / 89-93
14 / Pickled Rodents / 104 / 96-102
15 / Kavush K’mevushal / 105:1 / 103-108
16 / Issur Fell Into Heter / 105:2-3 / 110-116
17 / Tzli / 105:4-6 / 118-124
18 / Ain Blios Yotzai B’lo Rotav / 105:7-8 / 126-130
19 / Melicha / 105:9-14 / 132-140
20 / Batel / 106 / 142-145
21 / Eggs, Fish and Flies / 107 / 147-152
22 / Raiach Milsa / 108 / 154-159
23 / Yavash b’Yavash / 109 / 161-168
24 / Davar Chushuv / 110:1-2 / 168-170
25 / Taisha Canuyos: 9 Stores / 110:3-4 / 172-178
26 / Shema Yikach / 110:5-6 / 180-186
27 / One was Eaten/Many Ta’aruvos / 110:7-8 / 188-195
28 / Safek S’faika / 110:9-10 / 197-204
29 / Tolin / 111:1-4 / 206-209
30 / Two Kdairot of Heter / 111:5-7 / 211-215
1 / Issur That Fell Into Heiter / 98:1 / 1-7
Rava
1. Min b’she’aino mino d’hetaira – Permitted to be tasted by a Jew
2. Min b’she’aino mino d’issura - Discerned by a k’faila
3. Min b’mino - 60 needed to m’vatel
The Taste Test (Issur b’heitera) where a non-Jew is believed
K’faila / Mas’la’tRasha (Mechaber) / no / Needs
Rosh / Needs / Needs
Tosfos & Ran / Needs / No
Rambam / No / No
60 or K’faila
Less than 60 / More than 60Rashi / No k’faila / Needs k’faila
R”Y & Rosh / Needs k’faila / No k’faila
Rambam (Mechaber) / Needs k’faila / Needs k’faila, ok if not available
Why Mas’la’t works here
- Ta’am k’ikar is assur mid’rabbanan
- Ain ischazak issura
- Efshar lmaikam d’milsa
- Taz issur v’heter does not need witnesses, only discovering
Rama – always need 60
Halacha – even Sephardim hold need 60 in all issurim
The Jewish Taste Tester
Relay on b’dieved
Tongue Tasting
Drisha – Assur
Taz - b’dieved
How to Measure 60
Size not weight per Pischai Teshuva
Size or weight if same min and amount of air space; if different minim press out the air and measure with size per Chinuch Bais Yehudah
2 / Taam K’ikar Siman / 98:2-3 / 9-17Min B’mino
Rav & Shmuel & Rashi
All issurim in the Torah that get mixed up into mino are not batel
In aino mino they are batel if don’t give tatse
Reb Yochanan & Raish Lakesh & Tosfots
All issurim in the Torah (excluding tevel and yaiyin nesach) are batel if they don’t give taste
Taam K’Ikar
Rashi & Rambam hold it is mid’rabanan
Rabbainu Tam holds it is m’doraisa; Mechaber also
Defining Min B’mino
Rava the name defines the min
Rema that in all cases is defined by name. If have same name, only 60 is needed mid’drabanan
Shach only in case where issur can osser heter beyond 60 we define min b’mino by name since after 60 taste is not a factor. However, if m’vatel with 60 then we do define min by taste.
Nishpack: The Pot Boiled Over
Min B’aino mino if spills and cannot determine if 60:1, then assur
Min B’mino if spills and can not determine, then mutar, since rov and no taste
Min B’Mino V’aino Mino
Rashba - we hold Min B’mino is batel b’rov
In this case regard the aino mino as not there and let mino m’vatel it
Aino Mino: The Gravy
Rashal argues with Rashba and assur due to a Torah decree
Pri Chadash also argues with Rabsha: as long as issur gives a taste in the heter then assur
Sifsai Da’as - also machmir since we do not know if each min spreads evenly
Taz & Shach say the meat is mutar but argue about the gravy
Taz & Mechaber the gravy is mutar
Shach gravy is assur
The Unknown: Not Always a Safek
Taz 3 kinds of Safek
דעת שוטים based on lack of one’s ability
חסרון בקיעות לכל הדור the entire world lacks expertise
חסרון באיזה נשאר Doubt the estimation used
Shach adds not allowed to estimate the size of issur when l’fanainu
K’chal
Needs 60 against it and it is included as part of the 60, since don’t know who much given off
Ravad applies to other issurim where issur can not be removed; if can be removed then can estimate
Rishonim disagree and say in all cases can not estimated and need 60
Blios by Melicha
Shach only a kli assur to k’dai klipa by mecliha, but food is assur until 60
Rama kli can be used without koshering if 60 against klipa
Cham Miktazso Cham Kulo
Tur need 60 against entire metal spoon
Mechaber & Rema only need 60 against part put into pot
Whatever is Possible to M’takain We Must M’Takain
Something that has a heiter should not be relie on bitul
Taz by adding cold waer the food is assur because some of the taam went into the water
Cn’n’n b’Kalim
Rashba within 24 hours, blios in spoon become nevaila
Rambam no ch’n’n by blios
Mordechai where can remove issur do not say ch’n’n; but where can not remove, we do say ch’n’n. Taz says this is even by kli cheres. Shach says new kli cheres never becomes nevaila
Bais Yosef says Tur holds like Rashba
Rema says Tur holds like Rambam
4 / Other Measurements / 98:6-9 / 28-31½ Kazayis
Always need 60 times the issur
Eggs need 61
Shach eggs are not uniform size and eggs are a b’ria
Issur after 60
Shach taste of issur is only mid’drabbanan; also can believe non-Jew; spices b’mino are m’vatel and do not worry about tatse
R’ Akiva Eiger in the name of the Ran if gives taste issur remains d’orais; do not believe non-Jew and if give taste in aino mino then no tbatel in mino
Issur M’vatel Issur
Mishnah Orlah can be m’vatel k’layim
Gm’ pigul nosar and tameh go mixed evenly no malkos; since no majority of one issur
Mechaber if issur falls in and is mvatel and then can count to m’vatel a later issur
Only if do not hold ch’n’n by other issurim
To those that do hold ch’n’n by other issurim, can have an effect
- A pot with 59 parts heter and two parts issur fall in at the same time
- 1 part milk falls into 29 parts heter and a separate group of 1 part meat and 30 parts heter mixed all together
- 1 part issur falls into 60 parts and then a little bit of another issur falls into the pot
5 / Issur Bones / 99:1-4 / 33-37
Z’roah Bishaila
Ran shells of orlah can be counted as heter against the orlah; gm’ talking about moist bones; dry bonds are not assur
Rambam bones of issur count as part of the issur
Rabbainu Shimshon cannot be compared to nut shells; but learn from gid hanasheh that issur bones are counted as issur (even if moist) since do not give off a taste
Rashba agrees but says the marrow of issur bones can be counted as issur
Sticks and Stones
- Bones of issur miztaref to heiter (Mechaber)
- Heter bones are miztaref to heter and issur bones are miztaref to issur
- Heter bones miztaref to heter and issur bones are not miztaref to either (rema)
Efshar l’sochato assur
Measurement inclusive of gravy
Estimate to m’vatel issur
Rashi –safek d’oraisa we canot take the pot into estimation
Rashba – Rashi case of lo r’inu; but in case r’inu we can estimate but only in min b’mino
Reinu and lo reinu
Rashal argues on Rashba and everything is measured as one can see it now
Pri Chadash if don’t know at time that fell it, donot machmir even if 60 now
Tax argues and can matir if 60 exists now
6 / Ain M’vatlin Issur L’chatchila / 99:5 / 40-46Ain M’vatlin Issur L’chatchila Mid’oraisa or Mid’rabbanan
Ravad – Mid’oraisa learn from zroah b’shaila
Tosefos – mid’rabbanan
Noda B’yehudah – issur to be m’vatel mamashos d’oraisa
Issur to be m’vatel taam is d’rabbanan
Unintentional M’vatlin
Taz if one does not have the intention to m’vatel, it is mutar; however if another option exists, then no heter
Mishb’tvos Zahav if the other option is a tircha, then permitted
Shogeg Ato Maizid
Tur makes a distinction between bitul vs. mapil (throwing away)
Bais Yosef why not Shogeg due to Maiid in both cases?
- In one case the person would eat, throwing away is for others
- Migo
- differs whether known or not
Ta’ah B’din
Taz – not knowing is like Shogeg
Chakira
Investigating if heter addedbefore or after issur fell in
Bais Yosef Tur does not hold by din of Ch’n’n by sha’ar issurim
Taz – we do not assume the worst
Nodah / Lo Nodah
Issur V’heter says 3 dinim
Nodah - gezaira
Lo Nodah – mistake
Chaticha – it is enough
Rama agrees with first two and argues on third
Shcach disagrees with all three
Halacha l’ma’aseh – Lo Nodah does not help
7 / Ain M’vatlin B’issurai D’rabbanan / 99:6-7 / 48-52Three cases of Isurrai D’rabanan
A: Issur d’oraisa which is not batel mid’rabbanan
B: Issur d’rabbanan that has a root in the Torah
C: Chalah and Trumah
Rashba first is assur but second and third can add in order to m’vatel them
Tosefos- first two can not add
Rosh & Ra’ah: assur all three
Achronim
Mechaber, Taz & Rashal like Rashba
Rama & Shach like Rosh & Ra’ah
Chozeir V’Niur
Rama applies to all cases
Shach - kama kama batel in case of yvash byavash min bmino and nodeh
Kli Shemishtamshin Bo B’shefa
Large keli, then bilos so small that would not give taste
Mechaber can use kli without koshering
Taz & Shach disagree
Issurim not batel even in 1000
Davar chashuv - Important
Davar Sheyaish lo matirin- Mutar in time
Mareh / chazusa give appearance or a catalyst (like spices)
Issurai Hana’ah
Most are assur d’rabanan; except machlokes on following:
M’tabel - Shach & R’ Akiva Eiger see shiur 4
Ma’amid – most hold drabanan, except Magen Avraham
Chazusa Minchas Cohen - if put in for appearance & can be seen then is not batel
Pri Chadash only safek, and if drabanan batel in 60
Minchas Ya’acov by food ta’am k’ikar (not appearance)
B’ria not batel in 1000
5 conditions
1. Whole
2. Chius
3. assur from the time came into existence
4. Called by a specific name when whole and a different name now
5. Issur mgufo un’atzmuso (in and of its own accord)
Aver Min haChai
Question if less than a Kezayis
Eggs Rambam says it is a bria and thus, we are not mekail
Conditions
- Assur machmas atzmo
- Ready without a tikun
- Should be big and not small
- Should be whole and not in parts
Cheese
Milk from a traifa
Cheese of a non-Jew
Issur V’heitar – even if ma’amid, still a din of Ch’r’l
Toras Chaim - not issur machmas atzmo since issur balua, and thus not Ch’r’l
Taz concludes that stam gvinas akum not made with ohr hakava is not Ch’r’l
Chasair Tikun (and thus not able to be batel)
Rosh – if fitting after preparation regardless of the amount of effort
Smak and Maharil – only if needs a small amount of preparation
Rashba – Difference between cutting (large amount then not) and lack of cooking (is still considered lacking preparation)
Yaish Omrim – Only what is fitting to serve a guest; if needs cutting or cooking then not considered)
Gribbins: Fried Duck Fat
Taz – whether large or cut up is considered
Nekudas Hakesef disagrees
Innards
Mechaber - no din of Ch’r’l
Rashal are Ch’r’l
Shach & Taz hold like Rambam the depends on time and place
10 / Davar Sheyaish Lo Matirin / 102:1-3 / 70-75Davar Sheyaish Lo Matarin is not batel even in 1000. Why?
Rashi gezara in time will become mutar therefore do not eat is as an issur even though batel
Ran Min b’mino is not batel from the bloods by Yom HaKippur; the opposing force by D’sh’l’m is weak (going away) like Min b’mino and thus, not batel
Badai HaShulchan-Since going to be Mutar soon, does not appear to people as very serious, and so, they made a gezera
Min B’mino – Min B’aino Mino
D’sh’l’m applies to Minb’mino and not min b’aino mino
Safek S’faika
Does not apply in the matter of eggs on Yom Tov
- Din does not apply
- Not a true Safek S’faika
- We are machmir by D’sh’l’m since completely mutar soon
Chazuza
It is nikar and not batel
Taz chazuza with taste is min b’mino, but not either one by itself
Shach hlds chazuza by itself can be called a D’sh’l’m
Safek Traifa
Born on Yom Tov
Per Mechaber mutar like the Ran
Per Pischai Teshuva like Rahsi and machmir
Muktza
Tzla’ch holdsD’sh’l’m only applies to food not to Kailim
Rabbi Akiva Eiger holds D’sh’l’m does apply to Kailim as well
11 / Davar Sheyaish Lo Matirin / 102:4 / 77-808 additional factors
- Asui l’kalkail: Food would spoil if we wait to eat it b’hetaira
Badai HaShulchan - if totally inedible then mutar
- Issur b’ain ta’am: Whether the issur has substance or only tasteTaz says tatse is not a d’sh’lm; Shach says it is
- Machmas atzmo: In and of itself it is assur Rama says if issue is not machmas atzmo then Bitul Shach & Taz hold it is not batel
- Nikar kodem bitul: it has to exist before it is batel
- Neder: to have a neder annulled one must ask a competent Rav
- Chzair v’n’esar: The issur becomes mutar and then again assurMahlokes Rashi & Rashi if Chametz on Pesach is d’sh’l’m Lamaseh Rama holds it is not; Taz & Shach argue
- Huter I’mi sh’ne’esar: Mutar for the one it was assur to
- Cook on Shabbos b’maizid then the food is assur to him foreverMagan Avrohom – gets mixed up on Motzei Shabbos, but if mixed up on Shabbos the assur Chavas Da’as mixed up n Shabbos, and thus, mutar only to one that cooked
12 / Nosain Ta’am Lifgam / 103:1-4 / 82-87
When Bitul Applies
Rashba If issur is equal or greater than heter, then not batel even if lifgam, unless the issue is inedible
Ran If issue increases the volume of the ta’avravos to a size that compensates for the bad taste then it is not batel even though it is lifgam
Shach holds that even if there is no taste 60 is needed
Pri Chadash if the issue gives no taste it is batel b’rov; if gives taste 60 is required
Bad Now - Good Later
Mechaber - per Shach that even issur that will eventually taste good is batel now if it is lifgam now. Later when tastes good, then it is not batel.
Pri Chadash can be makil since it is an issur mid’rabbanan
Kaf Hachim paskins that we can be maikil in hefsed m’rubeh or shas hadchak
Na’t bar N’at
Taz - even if the issur was lifgam in either pot, the second tavshil is mutar without 60 against the issur
Minchas Yaakov - First tavshil must also be lifgam
Nekudas Haksef by cooking needs 3 no’ts of heter to remain mutar
Meat & Honey
All (except Rambam) stam kli is an aino ben yomo and therefore lifgam
13 / Aino Ben Yomo Kailim / 103:5-7 / 89-9312-month old Kailim
Chacham Tzvi – b’dieved in all cases is mutar since the blios are like afar
Panim Meiros - If Kli was used for hot food then the food is assur; if absorbed by using cold food then mutar
Davar Shmuel - was used for hot food then the food is assur; if absorbed by using cold food then machmir
Aino Ben Yomo
Rashi & R”T if the kli was not used to cook overnight the blios become lifgam; but if used during the night, no
Rashbam – kli called aino ben yomo after 24 hours
Leenas Lyla – not used to cook in overnight
Sifsai Da’as starts at the beginning of the night and ends as amud hashacher
Chamas Adam starts at shkia until haiyir hayom
Shach says davka by night (not also amount of time during day)
Basar v’chalav
1)Leenas Lyla after the basar b’chalav and cooking the water
2)Leenas Lyla between the basar b’chalav and cooking the water
3)Leenas Lyla between cooking the meat and the milk
Mechaber by 1,2 if cooked during the night, then 24 hours counted from time of boiling the water
Bais Yosef after night passes, count 24 hours from the issur not from the water
Rama holds no difference
By 3, 24 hours needed from issur per Rama; Shach no heiter
By shaar issurim:
Mechaber always count from the issur since ch’n’n does not apply
Rama in hefsed, can be meikil even without leenas lyla
Shach hold same at basar bchalav
14 / Pickled Rodents / 104 / 96-102Bitul is Aino Nikar
Aruch HaShulchan Bitul only if is not nikar
Yavash byavash – if one out of ten appears similar, then those 2 are assur
Yavash b’lach or lach b’yavash can not m’vatel
Different between Shratzim & Sha’ar Issurim
Rama (Tur) Chumrah by Shratzim considered like a briah and not batel; other issurim are batel b’rov (unless a special reason)
Taz Do not give a din of briah; unless lach blach or yavash byavash then not batul no matter how small since nikar
L’ma’aseh
Kaf haChaim holds like the Taz
Chavas Da’as and Pischai Tshuvah hold like the Shach
Case 1: Shuman was added daily (achbar found and shuman not poured afterwards)
Rosh (Rama) is the shuman was liquid it is assur; if solid on a n’tila is assur