Reading Essentials Grade 5 Answer Key
Chapter 1Cells and Kingdoms
Lesson 1Cells
Read a Photo: Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms
The frog is multicellular (as is the inset photo of frog cells). (p. 3)
Read a Diagram: Plant Cell
chloroplast, cell wall (p. 6)
Quick Check
1. cell (p. 3)
2. another cell (p. 3)
3. unicellular (p. 3)
4. multicellular (p.3)
5. Possible answers: controls what enters and leaves cell; protects the cell; gives the cell shape (p. 5)
6. supports cell parts (p. 5)
7. controls cell’s actions (p. 5)
8. break down food and release energy for the cell to use (p. 5)
9. b
10. c
11. a
Lesson 2Classifying Life
Read a Chart: Classification of Horses
Kingdom (p. 9)
Read a Graph: Number of Animal Species
Arthropods (p. 11)
Quick Check
12. phylum (p. 9)
13. class (p. 9)
14. species (p. 9)
15. Possible answers: humans, cats, dogs, mice, snakes (p. 11)
16. Possible answers: clams, snails, sea stars (p. 11)
17. Possible answer: plants: cell wall (p. 13)
18. Possible answer: plants: make food (p. 13)
19. Possible answer: fungi: cell wall (p. 13)
20. Possible answer: fungi: must get food from other organisms (p. 13)
21. Bacteria can cause disease. (p. 14)
22. Bacteria help break down food that we eat. (p. 14)
23. virus (p. 15)
Lesson 3Plants
Read a Diagram: Soft and Woody Stems
xylem (p. 19)
Read a Diagram: Transport in Plants
the roots (p. 21)
Quick Check
24. Students should check all. (p. 17)
25. Students should check gymnosperms and angiosperms only. (p. 17)
26. Students should check seedless only. (p. 17)
27. Students should check angiosperms only. (p. 17)
28. grows deep in ground (p. 18)
29. doesn’t touch the ground (p. 18)
30. woody (p. 19)
31. soft (p. 19)
32. sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (p. 21)
33. They eat plants and get the energy that is stored in the plants. (p. 23)
Lesson 4Classifying Animals
Read a Photo: Arthropods
ladybug (the photo on the right) (p. 27)
Read a Photo: Birds and Reptiles
The bird uses wings to move. The reptile uses legs. (p. 29)
Quick Check
34. Possible answers: worms, cnidarians, sponges (or porifera) (p. 25)
35. Possible answers: any snail, clam, or squid (p. 27)
36. Possible answers: sea stars, sea cucumbers (p. 27)
37. Possible answers: any insect, spider, or crab (p. 27)
38. keep warm (p. 29)
39. feathers (p. 29)
40. Possible answers: duck-billed platypus, spiny anteater (p. 31)
41. Possible answers: koala, kangaroo (p. 31)
42. Possible answers: tiger, giraffe, human, dog, elephant, whale (p. 31)
Lesson 5Animal Systems
Read a Diagram: Digestive and Excretory Systems
Esophagus (p. 33)
Read a Diagram: Circulation and Respiration
in the lungs/alveoli (p. 35)
Quick Check
43. protects organs (p. 32)
44. supports the body (p. 32)
45. b
46. a
47. F
48. T
Chapter 1: Vocabulary Review
1. species (p. 38)
2. unicellular (p. 38)
3. organism (p. 38)
4. angiosperm (p. 38)
5. multicellular (p. 38)
6. nonvascular (p. 38)
7. cell (p. 38)
8. xylem (p. 38)
9. organ (p. 38)
10. d (p. 38)
11. b (p. 38)
12. c (p. 38)
13. a (p. 38)
1. tissue (p. 39)
2. chlorophyll (p. 39)
3. organism (p. 39)
4. vascular (p. 39)
5. cell (p. 39)
N Q B I M L S F T U W K C
H V N D M W E S X T R F T
B A V V U Q W T I K I N I
G B A G B D A W Y T I C S
Z E S U C N N H Y K E I S
V N C E L E V L Z Y J L U
T H U K P B L F C C N J E
O I L J X M Q L D M T W Y
L S A A Q T D W E A U P A
A L R S O R G A N I S M C
A R O I C X V W I R C M V
E K D L Y H F J Z W N N L
G A C H L O R O P H Y L L
Summarize
All living things are made of cells. They can be classified into six kingdoms. Plants make their own food through photosynthesis. Animals can be classified based on form, structure, and behavior. In some animals, body systems work together to allow the body to move, get energy, and respond to the world.
Chapter 2Parents and Offspring
Lesson 1Reproduction
Read a Photo: Strawberry Reproduction
The new plant is attached by a runner. (p. 44)
Read a Photo: Variation
Their coloring is not identical to either one of their parents’. (p. 45)
Quick Check
1. sexual (p. 43)
2. asexual (p. 43)
3. splitting, budding, vegetative propagation (p. 44)
4. It allows for differences in species. (p. 45)
Lesson 2Plant Life Cycles
Read a Diagram: Fern Life Cycle
a new fern plant (p. 47)
Read a Chart: Types of Flowers
perfect/incomplete flower (p. 49)
Quick Check
5. Spores are carried by the wind. (p. 46)
6. spores (p. 47)
7. asexual reproduction (p. 47)
8. stamen; pistil (p. 49)
9. bees and other animals, wind (p. 51)
10. embryo, cotyledon, seed coat (p. 52)
11. monocot (p. 53)
12. dicot (p. 53)
13. dicot (p. 53)
14. pine tree (p. 55)
15. angiosperm (p. 55)
Lesson 3Animal Life Cycles
Read a Diagram: Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis
complete metamorphosis (p. 57)
Read a Photo: Comparing Eggs
frog eggs (p. 59)
Quick Check
16. egg, larva, pupa, adult (p. 57)
17. internal (p. 58)
18. external (p. 58)
19. A reptile embryo gets food from the yolk. (p. 59)
Lesson 4Traits and Heredity
Read a Diagram: Pea Crossing
Any flower with a capital P will have purple flowers (because P is dominant). (p. 62)
Read a Chart: Pedigree Chart
Both sons show the dominate trait. (p. 63)
Quick Check
20. instinct (p. 61)
21. inherited (p. 61)
22. chromosomes (p. 62)
22. lowercase (p. 62)
24. to learn about heredity patterns (p. 63)
Chapter 2: Vocabulary Review
1. b (p. 64)
2. a (p. 64)
3. c (p. 64)
4. d (p. 64)
5. a (p. 64)
6. c (p. 64)
Page 65
Across
4. larva (p. 65)
5. gene (p. 65)
6. instinct (p. 65)
8. embryo (p. 65)
Down
1. pupa (p. 65)
2. pollen (p. 65)
3. heredity (p. 65)
7. nymph (p. 65)
Summarize
All living things come from other living things. The life cycles of plants and animals involve different stages of development. Plants and animals have a number of ways to reproduce and to make sure that their offspring survive. Traits are passed from parents to offspring. Traits control how organisms look and how they act.
Chapter 3Interactions in Ecosystems
Lesson 1Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Read a Photo: Forest Ecosystem
Nonliving things include water, rocks, soil, sunlight, and air. (p. 69)
Read a Diagram: Forest and Salt Marsh Food Web
mouse, bird, fish (p. 72)
Quick Check
1. biotic factors (p. 69)
2. abiotic factors (p. 69)
3. population (p. 69)
4. b (p. 71)
5. c (p. 71)
6. a (p. 71)
7. F (p. 73)
8. T (p. 73)
9. plants (p. 74)
10. In order, top to bottom: 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 (p. 75)
Lesson 2Relationships in Ecosystems
Read a Photo: Hawaiian Honeycreepers
The akiapolaau has a sharp curved beak to pick insects out of bark.
The apapane has a long, thin beak to sip nectar from flowers. (p. 79)
Read a Photo: Ray and Remoras
Possible answers: The ray is giving them a ride, protecting them from predators, and letting them eat scraps of food the ray hunts. (p. 80)
Quick Check
11. Possible answers: food, water, space, rainfall, temperature, soil type, shelter (p. 77)
12. competition (p. 79)
13. niche (p. 79)
14. ants and acacia (p. 80)
15. ray and remoras (p. 80)
16. parasites; harm (p. 81)
Lesson 3Adaptation and Survival
Read a Diagram: Orchid Adaptations
They absorb water from the air. (p. 84)
Read a Photo: Snake Mimicry
They are the same colors. They both have stripes. (p. 87)
Quick Check
17. webbed feet (p. 83)
18. waxy outer covering (p. 83)
19. orchid (p. 85)
20. milkweed (p. 85)
21. water lily (p. 85)
22. oak tree (p. 85)
23. Many desert animals are active at night because temperatures are much cooler at night than during the day. (p. 86)
24. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Pipefish resemble sea grass in its environment. (p. 86)
25. monarch butterfly (p. 87)
26. coral snake (p. 87)
27. worm (p. 87)
Chapter 3: Vocabulary Review
1. ecosystem (p. 88)
2. symbiosis (p. 88)
3. food chain (p. 88)
4. adaptation (p. 88)
5. population (p. 88)
6. community (p. 88)
7. camouflage (p. 88)
R E T A E O L O P K C L L
I I P S Y M B I O S I S R
V E H W E S H S P F M T W
M N S A E N O P U A E S T
D U H O E G S M L G D N O
Y S F O O D C H A I N H N
S X N R A F Q L T I E B W
S E A C R R F E I J W S Z
H D E J L U S Z O P O K B
E X P C O M M U N I T Y R
H B E M Y Q M O B S E A B
A D A P T A T I O N T K J
E C O S Y S T E M E B G R
1. e (p. 89)
2. f (p. 89)
3. c (p. 89)
4. a (p. 89)
5. b (p. 89)
6. d (p. 89)
7. parasitism (p. 89)
8. energy pyramid (p. 89)
9. mimicry (p. 89)
Summarize
An ecosystem is all the living and nonliving things in an environment. Energy flows in an ecosystem through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids. Organisms in an ecosystem compete for food, space, and other resources. Organisms have adaptations that help them survive in their environments.
Chapter 4Ecosystems and Biomes
Lesson 1Cycles in Ecosystems
Read a Diagram: Water Cycle
evaporation, transpiration (p. 93)
Read a Diagram: Carbon Cycle
People in the house will burn the oil for heat or power. (p. 95)
Quick Check
1. condensation (p. 93)
2. precipitation (p. 93)
3. T (p. 95)
4. F (p. 95)
5. T (p. 95)
6. compost (p. 97)
7. renewable resources (p. 97)
8. nitrogen (p. 97)
9. nonrenewable resources (p. 97)
Lesson 2Changes in Ecosystems
Read a Photo: Beaver Dams
Possible answer: Its dam will create new habitats and food supplies for other animals. (p. 99)
Read a Diagram: Stages of Primary Succession
pioneer community, intermediate community, climax community (p. 103)
Quick Check
10. Possible answer: The reef becomes a new habitat for other organisms.
(p. 99)
11. Possible answer: New habitats are formed. (p. 99)
12. extinct (p. 101)
13. endangered (p. 101)
14. In order, top to bottom: 5, 2, 4, 1, 3 (p. 103)
15. secondary (p. 105)
16. weeds (p. 105)
17. hardwood (p. 105)
18. climax (p. 105)
Lesson 3Biomes
Read a Map: Global Biomes
South America (p. 106)
Read a Photo: Rain Forests
Possible answers: The tropical rainforest has a waterfall and trees full of leaves. The temperate rain forest has more open space, trees with fewer branches, and more plants growing right on other plants. (p. 110)
Quick Check
19. habitats (p. 107)
20. biomes (p. 107)
21. rainfall (p. 107)
22. cold (p. 107)
23. tundra (p. 109)
24. taiga (p. 109)
25. tundra (p. 109)
26. tundra (p. 109)
27. The trees lose their leaves during cool weather. (p. 110)
28. Possible answers: corn, wheat, oats (p. 111)
29. Possible answers: bison, grasshoppers, crickets, butterflies, toads, worms, insects, mice, prairie dogs, snakes, birds (p. 111)
Lesson 4Water Ecosystems
Read a Diagram: Freshwater Zones
open water, shallow water, bottom (p. 115)
Read a Diagram: Ocean Zones
the intertidal zone (p. 116)
Quick Check
30. plankton: diatoms, animal larvae (p. 113)
31. nekton: turtles, fish, whales (p. 113)
32. benthos: oysters, worms, lobsters (p. 113)
33. F (p. 115)
34. T (p. 115)
35. intertidal zone (116)
36. Possible answers: They protect coastal places by soaking up water during storms. The roots and stems of marsh plants trap pollution and keep the ocean clean. Estuaries provide homes to many types of animals. Many ocean organisms use estuaries as breeding grounds. (p. 117)
Chapter 4: Vocabulary Review
Across
2. pioneer species (p. 118)
6. water cycle (p. 118)
7. biome (p. 118)
Down
1. tundra (p. 118)
2. plankton (p. 118)
3. succession (p. 118)
4. taiga (p. 118)
5. benthos (p. 118)
1. c (p. 119)
2. c (p. 119)
3. d (p. 119)
4. a (p. 119)
5. b (p. 119)
6. a (p. 119)
7. d (p. 119)
Summarize
Water, carbon, and nitrogen are cycled through ecosystems. Earth has six major land biomes, or super-ecosystems: tundra, taiga, desert, rain forest, deciduous forest, and grassland. Earth’s water ecosystems include bodies of fresh water, salt water, and mixed water in areas where salt and fresh water bodies meet. Ecosystems can change naturally over time
Chapter 5Our Dynamic Earth
Lesson 1Earth’s Landforms
Read a Diagram: Ocean Features