Rule-1: K Ãi Cö G Consonant Vk J Gi C E a Ges Vowel (A, E, I, O, U) Vk J an E M Hgb

[[[[

Noun ev Pronoun ‡K wbw`©ó A_ev Awbw`©ó K‡i cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ a, an, the †K Bs‡iwR‡Z Article e‡j| a Ges an -†K Ges Indefinite Article Ges the †K Definete Article e‡j| Kvh© I DrcwË Abyhvqx Giv Adjective wn‡m‡e MY¨|

Rule-1: k‡ãi cÖ_‡g Consonant _vK‡j Gi c~‡e© a Ges Vowel (a, e, i, o, u) _vK‡j an e‡m| †hgb-

This is a book. I saw an owl. This is an egg.

This is an umbrella. The crow is an ugly

Rule-2: k‡ãi cÖ_‡g Ôe’ ev Ôu’ _vK‡j Ges Gi D”PviY ÔAvÕ Gi gZ bv n‡q BD Gi gZ n‡j, Gi c~‡e© an bv e‡m a e‡m|

†hgb-

This is a unique opportunity. He is a European.

There is a university in Bangladesh. The cow is a useful animal.

Rule-3: k‡ãi cÖ_‡g ‘h’ _vK‡j Ges Zv D”PvwiZ bv n‡j Zvi c~‡e© a bv e‡m an e‡m | †hgb-

He is an honest man. Sixty minutes make an hour. He has an heir.

Rule-4: mswÿß k‡ãi (abbreviation) cÖ_‡g Consonant _vK‡j Ges Gi D”PviY Vowel Gi g‡Zv n‡j Gi c~‡e©

an e‡m| †hgb-

He is an M.A Mr. Hasan is an L.L.B. He is an F.R.C.S

wKQz mswÿß k‡ãi cÖ_g Aÿi Consonant Gig Z D”PvwiZ n‡j ‘a’ e‡m| †hgb-

He is a B.A Mr. Karim is a B.Sc.

Rule-5: k‡ãi cÖ_‡g ‘O’ _vK‡j Ges Gi D”PviY Iqvi gZ n‡j Gi c~‡e© a e‡m| †hgb-

I saw a one-eyed man. Give me a on-taka note.

Rule-6: KLbI KLbI Preparation iæ‡c a e¨envi n‡q _v‡K| †hgb-

He went a hunting (a=on)| †m wkKv‡i wM‡qwQj|

Rule-7: Common noun wn‡m‡e Abstract noun e¨eüZ n‡j Abstract noun wUi c~‡e© a/an e‡m| †hgb-

Nazma is a beauty. Kabir is an idle.

Rule-8: Many I such Gi c‡i Singular common noun e¨eüZ n‡j common noun wUi c~‡e© a/an e‡m| †hgb-

Many a man was present in the meeting. Such a person is the glory of the nation.

Rule-9: Exclamation (we¯§q) eySv‡Z What Gi ci a/an e‡m| ‡hgb-

What a pretty girl she is! What a long distance!

What an honest man he is!

Rule-10: Singular Common noun Gi c~‡e© quite, rather, but, not BZ¨vw` e¨eüZ n‡j †m noun Gi c~‡e© a/an

e‡m| ‡hgb-

Salma is quite a beautiful girl. You are rather a meritorious boy.

Not a man is found in the house.

Rule-11: Adjective Gi c~‡e© So, too BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Gi ci noun Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m| ‡hgb-

Gold is so precious a metal. This is too serious a matter for him.

Rule-12: msL¨vevPK word ‡hgb- hundred, dozen, thousand, million, score, pair BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© a e‡m| ‡hgb-

Give me a hundred rupees. He earns a thousand taka a day.

I have bought a dozen of pencils. He has a pair of shoes.

Rule-13: Mr/Mrs/Miss BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© a e‡m| ‡hgb-

A Mr. Khan came to me yesterday. A Miss Saleha helped the man.

Rule-14: Zzjbv eySv‡Z `ywU noun hw` GKB e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K wb‡`©k K‡i, Z‡e cÖ_g noun wUi c~‡e© a/an e‡m| ‡hgb-

Grammar is a better servant than master.

Rule-15: ‡Kvb Singular noun w`‡q hw` GKB RvZxq A‡bK e¨w³ ev e¯‘ eySvq Zv‡i Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m| ‡hgb-

A child needs milk. An idle man cannot prosper in life.

Rule-16: `i, AbycvZ, MwZ‡eM BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Ki‡Z a/an e¨eüZ nq| ‡hgb-

Rice Sells five taka a seer. The car runs eighty kilometers an hour.

Rule-17: Exclamatory sentence G Singular countable noun (hv MYbv Kiv hvq) Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m| ‡hgb-

Such a fine picture! How beautiful a bird!

Rule-18: Avnv‡ii bv‡gi Av‡M a/an e‡m bv wKš‘ Avnv‡ii Av‡M Adjective e¨eüZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M a/an e‡m| ‡hgb-

We have breakfast at nine. She gave them a good breakfast.

1.  Plural noun Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv| †hgb-

Cows are useful. Horses can run fast.

2.  Abstract noun Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv| wKš‘ hw` GwU common noun wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq, Z‡e Article e‡j|

The kindness of the boy is noun to all. Honesty is the best policy

Kindness is a great virtue. Poverty is a curse to the poor.

3.  KZK¸‡jv Uncountable noun ‡hgb advice, information. news, baggage BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© © a/an e‡m bv| †hgb-

He gave me good advice. He gave me bad news.

The police could not provide correct information.

4.  Water, milk, tea, oil, paper, rice, gold, iron BZ¨vw` Material noun Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv| †hgb--

Milk is whit. Water has no colour of its own. Iron is very useful to us.

5.  e³vi Avcb Father, mother wKsev baby BZ¨vw` eySv‡j G`‡i c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv| †hgb--

I love mother. Take care of your child.

6.  ‡Ljvi bv‡gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv| †hgb--

Cricket is a favorite game. Football is played all over the world.

7.  Ordinal number Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv| †hgb--

I bought 10 pens.

8.  Lvev‡ii mgq †hgb Breakfast, lunch, dinner BZ¨vw`i c~‡e©© a/an e‡m bv| †hgb--

Today I had my breakfast in their house. We have lunch at 2 p.m.

Rule-1: wbw`©ó K‡i †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘ eySv‡Z Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|

The know the man. The boys of this school are good.

Rule-2: ‡kÖwY ev RvwZ eySv‡Z Singular Common Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

The cow is a useful animal. The English are brave.

Rule-3: RvwZi c~‡e© The e‡m| wKš‘ fvlvi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The English can speak English fluently.

wKš‘ fvlvi c‡i Language kãwU _vK‡j wKš‘ fvlvi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The English language is very interesting.

Rule-4: m¤úª`vq eySv‡Z Adjective Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Viruous are happy. The rich are not always happy. The poor are born to suffer.

Rule-5: `ywU Proper Noun ‡K Zzjbv Ki‡Z Ges hvi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq, Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

Narauyangonj is the Dundee of Bangladesh. Nazrul is the Byron of Bangladesh.

Rule-6: b`x, mvMi, gnvmvMi, n«` BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Padma is a big river. The Pacific is the deepest ocean.

Rule-7: ce©Z †kÖwY,wØccyÄ BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Himalayas are to the north of India. The Andaman’s are to the south of India.

wKš‘ GKwU gvÎ ce©Z ev Øx‡ci bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

Everest is the highest peak in the world. Sicily is to the south of Italy.

Rule-8: KZK¸‡jv AwØZxq wRwbm †hgb P›`ª, m~h©, c„w_ex, AvKvk BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The earth is round. The sun rises in the East.

Rule-9: msev`cÎ, ag©MÖš’ Ges gnvKv‡e¨i c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

I read the Ittefaq daily. The Quran is a holy book to the Muslim. The Bible is a holy book.

Rule-10: we‡kl A_©c~Y© †`k ev ¯’v‡bi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Panjab is a land of five rivers. He studies in the U.S.A/U.K.

Rule-11: wbw`©ó Zvwi‡Li c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The 16th December is a red letter day of Bangladesh.

Rule-12: cÖwm× ¯’vb ev cÖwZôvb, HwZ‡n¨i NUbv BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Tajmahal stands on the Jamuna. The battle of Panipath

Rule-13: ‡Uªb I Rvnv‡Ri bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Green Arrow touches at Bhairab.

The B.N.S Bangabandhu is the largest ship of Bangladesh.

Rule-14: ‡Kvb adjective ev adjective phrase ev adjective clasue Øviv †Kvb common noun †K wb‡`©k Kiv

n‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The man who came with me was my father. The dog that bit him has been killed.

Rule-15: Majority, police, public BZ¨vw` collective noun mvaviYZ Plural wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡j G¸‡jvi c~‡e© The

e‡m| ‡hgb-

The majority are known to me. I am supported by the public.

Rule-16: mvaviYZ Abstract Noun Ges Material Noun c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb- wKš‘ wbw`©ó K‡i eySv‡j Zv‡`i c~‡e©

The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The kindness of Mohsin is praiseworthy. The gold of my ring is pure.

Rule-17: Common Noun hLb Abstract iæ‡g e¨eüZ nq, ZLb Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The mother rose in her at the sight of the child.

Everybody should check the beast in him.

The boy found the mother in her.

Ruel-18: Possessive Adjective ‡hgb –my, your, his, her BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© the e‡m| ‡hgb-

He struck me on the head. (the=my) He caught me by the hand. (the=my)

I pulled him by the car. (the=his)

Rule-19: `ywU Comperative hw` Adverb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq Z‡e Dfq comperative Gi c~‡e© the e‡m| ‡ÿ‡Î hZ

...... BZ¨vw` eySvq?

The sonner, the better. The more you read, the more you learn.

Rule-20: Superlative Degree-Gi Adjective Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Padma is the biggest river in our country.

He is the wisest man in the village.

Ruel-21: `yB‡qi g‡a¨ †_‡K †KwU‡K †e‡Q †bqvi A_© cÖKvk Ki‡j Comparative Degree Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

Nasima is the wiser of the two girls. This is the better of the tow pens.

Rahim is the taller of the two boys.

Rule-22: GKB e¨w³ `yB c`exi AwaKvix n‡j cÖ_gwUi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Headmaster and secretary is coming.

Rule-23: School, college, market, hospital, mosque, church cÖf…wZ noun hLb G‡`i cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ e¨eüZ nq,

ZLb G‡`i c~‡e© The e‡m bv| wKQz Ab¨ †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ G mKj ¯’vb cwi`k©b Ki‡j G‡`i c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

He goes to school every day. He went to the school to see Headmaster.

Rule-24: ‡h kã †ckv ev e¨emvq eySvq Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| ‡hgb-

He joined the Bar in Calcutta.

Rule-25: iv¯Ív, GwfwbD cvK© BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m b | ‡hgb-

Manik Mia Avenue is the largest street of Dhaka.

wKš‘ iv¯Ívi bv‡ig mv‡_ Road _vK‡j The e‡m| ‡hgb-

The Nawabpur road is always busy.

Rule-26: Select, Elect, appoint, make, nominate, crown cÖf…wZ verb Gi complement c~‡e© The e‡m bv|

‡hgb- Why made him captain. We elected him chairman.

Rule-27: ‡Kvb Pronoun Gi Apposition iæ‡c hw` †Kvb rank c`gh©`v ev profession ‡ckv common noun e¨eüZ

Zvn‡j H common noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb-

Mr Zakir, Headmaster of our school, is a good man.

Rule-28: ‰bKU¨ ev cwiwPwZi Kvi‡Y †Kvb wKQz wbw`©óZv jvf Ki‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb-

He is the garden. She is in the kitchen.

Ruel-29: Proper noun Gi ci †Kvb ¸YevPK kã hy³ n‡j H ¸YevPK kãwUi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb-

Omar, the great, was a noble Caliph.

Rule-30: Avnv‡ii bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb-

We have had breakfast at eight.

Rule- 31: GKwU Singular noun Gi c~‡e© `y Bev Z‡ZvwaK adjective _vK‡j G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki c~‡e© the emv‡Z nq| †hgb-

I have seen the new and the ole house.

I have read the fifth and the sixth chapter of the book.

Rule-32: Original number first, second, third BZ¨vw`‡K hLb K_vq †jLv nq ZLb G‡`i c~‡e© the emv‡Z nq| †hgb-

Kamal is the first boy in the class. I am the second child of my parents.

Rule-33: Noun All, both, half+the+noun Gi c‡i Ges noun Gi c~‡e© the emv‡Z nq| †hgb-

Rima ate half the cake. I lended him all the money.

Ruel-34: cwiev‡ii bvg Plural A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡j Zvi c~‡e© the emv‡Z nq| †hgb-

The Khans, The Muslims, The Mughals, The Pathans BZ¨vw`|

Rule-35: Musical instruments Gi bv‡gi c~‡e© the emv‡Z nq| †hgb-

The piano is very expensive today. The violin is used in music.

Rule-36: ‡Kvb Noun Superlative Gi ¸iæZ¡ cÖKvk K‡i ZLb Zvi c~‡e© the emv‡Z nq| †hgb-

Shamsur Rahman is the poet of the day.

Rule-37: Proper noun Zvi c~‡e Adjective _vK‡j the emv‡Z nq| †hgb-

The great Omar was the Caliph of Islam. The notorious Hasan has been arrested.

Rule-38: msL¨v cÖKvkK †h word GKwU uunit wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq Zvi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb-

The Awami League. The Muslim League.

Rule-39: Singular designation (Dcvwa/c`ex) Gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb-

The Principal, The President,

Rule-40: wKQz Collective Noun Gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb-

The audience, The peasantry

Rule-41: KZK¸‡jv †iv‡Mi bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb-

The gout, The measles BZ¨vw`|

Rule-42: ‡Kvb Awbw`©ó Noun wØZxq evi D‡jøwLZ n‡q wbw`©ó n‡q †M‡j Zvi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb-

There is a tree in the garden, the tree is very tall.

1.  kix‡ii A½ cÖZ¨½ Ges †cvkvK-cwi”Q‡`i bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m bv| †hgb-

Raise your right hand. Put off your shirt.

2.  mvaviYZ home Gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb-

Nazma went home. He is at home.

3.  e³vi wb‡Ri evev, gv, wKsev wkï BZ¨vw` eySv‡j Father, mother, baby BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© the e‡m bv| †hgb-

Every mother loves her child. He went to Dhaka with his father.

4.  w`b ev gv‡mi bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb-

January is the first month of the year. Sunday is the first day of the week.

5.  FZz D?m‡ei bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb-

We like to play football/cricket/hockey. We have breakfast/lunch/dinner as usual time.

Question No. 1: Use of Articles

1.  Dhaka Board-16

Michael Madhusudan Dutt was (a) — popular 19th century Bengali poet and dramatist. He was born in (b) Sagardari on (c) — bank of (d) Kopotaksho river, (e) — village in Keshobpur Upazilla under Jessore district. From (0 early age, Dutt aspired to be (g) — Englishman in form and manner. Though he was born in (h) —sophisticated Hindu family, he took Christianity arousing (i) anger of his family. He contributed much to (j) —development of Bengali literature.

2.  Rajshahi Board-16

Every student wants to do better in (a) — examination. But it is not (b) — easy work. (c) — student has to do something for this. From (d) — very beginning he must be serious. He should read (e) — texts again and again. He must not memorize (f) — answer without knowing the meaning. He must not make notes from (g) — common source. He should have a good (h)—command over English. By doing all these things (i)—student can hope to make a good (j) — result.

3.  Dinajpur Board-16

(a) — morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. It is (b) — simple exercise and good for health and (c) — mentality. In the morning (d) — air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. This pure (e) —environment makes an effect on (f) — walker's health and mind. When (g) — man enjoys (h) — beauties and solemnity of (i) — nature in (j) — morning.

4.  Jessore Board-16

Literacy as (a) — skill was first institutionalized in Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt and China soon after (b) — art of writing was invented. Education then was not for (c) — general people but (d) privilege for (e) — chosen (f) —few who took on strategic roles in (g) — running of (h) — state and in religion. In Greece, education became more widespread in about the 5th century BC. (i)— Greeks, however, sent only their (j) — male children to school.