Biology 11 Energy for Life
Cellular Respiration
All living things need ______to carry on their life functions.
How do you get energy?
Energy from food molecules cannot be used directly by the cell – it must be converted to the only energy that cells can use – ______!!
Organisms obtain energy in a few different ways, but the majority of them perform ______respiration within the ______of their cells.
Energy is found within the ______of the glucose molecule. When the glucose molecules are ______down in the mitochondria it gets converted ______- (ATP)
Cellular Respiration (C/R) is a very complex ______of biochemical ______but the net result can be summarized in the equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
In words this equation means:
- ______and ______react to produce ______and ______and ATP (energy).
Notice that in order for C/R to occur it ______oxygen.
- Living organism that require oxygen for C/R to occur use a form called: ______respiration.
- Some living organisms (mostly bacteria) can also perform ______respiration (called ______), which does _____ require oxygen.
Both types of C/R produce ATP (energy) …BUT in very different ______!
- Aerobic respiration produces _____ ATP from each glucose molecule whereas anaerobic produces ____ATP. Which one is more efficient?
Anaerobic Respiration
Some organisms thrive in environments with ______or _____ oxygen, such as bogs, sewage treatment ponds, guts of animals
This process is done by yeast to make ______rise and to create the ______in beer.
It is also done in your muscles when you feel the “burn” during weight training.
Glycolysis
This diagram shows the complex steps it takes to break down glucose molecules to form energy. The process of breaking down ______is known as “Glycolysis”
Kreb’s Cycle
This diagram shows the Kreb cycle – where byproducts of Glycolysis get further broken down to form energy and other molecules. This occurs inside the ______of the Mitochondria. The Electron Transport System is a series of electron carries that help pump ______ions into and out of the Mitochondria.
Summary Diagram:
•Cellular Respiration occurs in the ______.
•The mitochondria ______oxygen and glucose to create energy. It also ______carbon dioxide and water molecules in the process.
•Carbon Dioxide, and water help ______occur within chloroplasts.
•Along with sunlight, the chloroplasts are able to complete the photosynthesis reactions and produce glucose – its food. Which is also used in the mitochondria.
•These two processes support one another.
Adaptations for Respiration
Plants
- Respiratory gases are ______through leaves, stems, and roots
- Moves in and out of cells by ______but leaves and stems also have openings to the environment (stomata)
Animals - techniques vary:
- Simple diffusion across cell membranes
- Diffusion across moist skin into a circulatory system
Bacteria, Protists & Fungi
- Respiratory gases are exchanged by diffusion
, , - Openings to the environment that can be flapped open and closed with a ______system to transport gases
- Specialized respiratory ______(e.g. lungs, gills) to speed exchange of respiratory gases