The Illinois Open 2004: The Philosophy of Spite
Tossups by UIUC (Matt Cvijanovich, Dave Kiang, Sudheer Potru, Dom Ricci, and Mike Sorice)
Tossup 1. The correctness of this term was a subject of controversy between Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg, who first coined it in the title of a 1952 essay in Art News. The acceptance of the term was helped by a series of photographs by Hans Namuth that show its most famous practitioner creating Lavender Mist. Also called “gestural abstractionism,” artists who employed this method include Lee Krasner, Franz Kline, and Willem de Kooning. Usually, it was done by putting a large canvas on the floor and slopping paint on it seemingly at random. For ten points, identify this style of painting whose name emphasized that the artist was at work, and that is most famously associated with Jackson Pollack.
Answer: action painting (accept gestural abstractionism before mentioned)
Tossup 2. One of the works produced during this movement was the user-friendly reference work On the Universe by Rabanus Maurus. Agobard of Lyons wrote a number of exegetic works, while poets associated with it included Sedulius Scottus and Walafrid Strabo. A new translation of the works of Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite was one of the main projects of its most notable philosopher, who also authored the Periphyseion, John Scotus Erigena. The History of the Lombards was composed by Paul the Deacon while an influential biography was written by Einhard. For ten points, name this intellectual movement whose most notable member was Alcuin of York; a rebirth of learning supported by a Frankish dynasty.
Answer: Carolingian Renaissance (accept close equivalents that have “Carolingian” in them)
Tossup 3. There is a long digression near the very end of this work on the story of Pygmalion. Near the beginning, the narrator passes by the pool in which Pygmalion drowned. There is a great deal of anti-clericalism in the speech of False Seeming who, along with Forced Abstinence, is enlisted by Cupid to help storm a castle held by Danger, Shame, and Slander who have imprisoned Fair Welcome. The first four thousand lines were written by Guillaume de Lorris, while the rest was added later by Jean de Meun. For ten points, name this allegorical work about courtly love, which ends with the narrator’s conquest of the titular figure.
Answer: The Romance of the Rose (or Roman de la Rose)
Tossup 4. He rails against the myth that the Twelve Tables were brought from Athens to Rome in his Principles of Universal Law, as well as in his major work. That work begins with an explanation of the Frontispiece, and also contains Books entitled “Poetic Wisdom” and “On the Discovery of the True Homer.” Greatly influenced by the Roman scholar Varro, after nearly a century of obscurity, Jules Michelet’s translations renewed interest in the ideas of this 18th century Neopolitan scholar. For ten points, identify this historian who divided history into the “age of gods,” “age of heroes,” and “age of men” in his New Science.
Answer: Giambattista Vico
Tossup 5. This person’s father and son were both named Cephisodotus, and they all practiced the same trade; in fact, this man’s best-known work has the same form as his father’s Eirene. Nicias famously embellished this artist’s works, and those works are highly praised by Diodorus and by Pliny the Elder, who lists the among them the Apollo Sauroctonus, Aphrodite of Cyrene, and Aphrodite of Cnidus, which Pliny calls “the best sculpture in the whole world.” For ten points, name this Attic Greek sculptor of the mid-4th century BCE, who created the “s”-shaped marble figure of Hermes Holding the Infant Dionysus.
Answer: Praxiteles
Tossup 6. Liquid ones of low volatility serve as softening agents, and their reduction usually takes place in tetrahydrofuran with the catalyst lithium aluminum hydride. Amines generally react with the methyl or ethyl variety of them to produce amides. Their hydrolysis is crucial to saponification, can be either acid- or base-catalyzed, and produces carboxylic acids and alcohols. A glyceride is a fatty-acid one of these comprised of glycerol. For ten points, name these organic compounds consisting of a carbonyl bonded to an oxygen atom and another alkyl group.
Answer:esters
Tossup 7. They had four original cities: Findias, Gorias, Murias and Falias. After they killed Ith, they were defeated by the Milesians and went into exile underground, becoming known as the people of the Sidhe. Among their members was the poet Coirpre and the doctor Dian Cecht, who could revive the dead. They fought two battles at Moytura; in the first they defeated the Fir Bolg, while in the second they overthrew the Fomors. Other members included Brigit and the Dagda. For ten points, name this Gaelic race of gods whose name means “The people of the goddess Danu.”
Answer: Tuatha de Danann
Tossup 8. This literary work is usually performed with a short lute called a biwa-hoshi and is often considered to be a Buddhist allegorical tale. Generally speaking, scenes of sadness and futility follow those of military heroism, exemplified by the death of the knight Atsumori after a spectacular fighting display. With twelve books divided into shoodan, its first chapter details the rise of Kiyomori, but ends with Yoritomo and Yoshitune’s great victory at Dan-no-Ura, indicating the defeat of the Taira clan by the Minamoto. Written mostly during the Kamakura period, for ten points, name this Japanese epic attributed to Kakuichi.
Answer: The Tale of the Heike (or Heike Monogatari)
Tossup 9. War correspondent Euclides da Cunha chronicled the 1896 event in the state of Bahia upon which this novel was based in his narrative Os Sertoes, and it was referenced in Borges’s “Three Versions of Judas.” Among the contrasting fanaticisms it presents are those of Galileo Gall, the British libertarian revolutionary, and Colonel Moreira Caesar, the Republican leader of the failed third assault. The Lion of Natuba, Big Joao, and the Little Blessed One support the messianic Antonio Conselheiro in the revolt of Canudos against the Brazilian government in, for ten points, what novel by Mario Vargas Llosa?
Answer: The War at the End of the World (or La guerra del fin del mundo)
Tossup 10. Walther Bothe and Herbert Becker observed the first evidence of it in 1930 when they found a radiation with a greater penetration depth than alpha particles. Possessing the same quark composition as the Delta zero baryon, its absorption is the primary regulator of the rate of nuclear fission in a reactor. When this particle decays, a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino are produced from its up-down-down quarks. Discovered in 1932 by James Chadwick, for ten points, what is this neutral nucleon?
Answer: neutron
Tossup 11. His right leg was amputated in 1958 due to injuries suffered in a horse riding accident two decades earlier, and the subsequent depression hastened his death six years later. He did not serve in the French army in the First World War, although this myth was propagated by Cary Grant’s portrayal of him in Night and Day. A master of the “catalogue song” exemplified in “You’re the Top”, his Broadway shows included Fifty Million Frenchmen, Kiss Me, Kate, and Anything Goes. For ten points, name this American songwriter of “Begin the Beguine” and “It’s Delovely”.
Answer: Cole Porter
Tossup 12. Examples include tetrahydrofolic acid, which transfers single carbon groups, and flavin mononucleotide, or FMN, which aids in the oxidation of L-amino acids. Biotin helps in a particular carboxylation, and lipoamide and thiamine pyrophosphate both work in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Categorized as either catalytic or stoichometric, crucial ones include FAD and NAD-plus, and the “Q” variety is used in the electron transport chain. Also including the “A” variety that reacts with oxaloacetate in the Krebs cycle, for ten points, name these organic molecules required in the active site for enzyme activation.
Answer:coenzymes (do not accept or prompt on “cofactors”)
Tossup 13. With a name translating to “Brilliant Emperor Who Benefits All Nations”, this leader began his rise to power by avenging the death of his grandfather Giocanagga and father Taksi at Gure by defeating the chieftain Nikan Wailan. Soon after forming the Eight Banners system of administrative divisions, he proclaimed himself khan and established the Jin dynasty with capital at Mukden, although that dynasty would later be renamed by his son Hong Taiji. For ten points, name this Jurchen tribal leader, usually recognized as the founder of the Qing dynasty.
Answer:Nurhaci or Nurgaci
Tossup 14. Some of this man's contributions include resolving the “transfer problem” of international trade and developing a social welfare function with Bergson. He also popularized the Allais theory of overlapping generations and was the first to present the Phillips curve to the world, while his macroeconomic output included elucidating a theory of revealed preference and developing a namesake corollary to the Hecksher-Ohlin theorem with Stolper. For ten points, name this author of Foundations of Economic Analysis, a Chicago economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1970.
Answer:Paul Anthony Samuelson
Tossup 15. Among its modern applications are thermal diffuse scattering studies of phonon dispersions and crystal truncation rod analyses of lattice growth. This technique's weak interaction with matter and characteristic Angstrom wavelength optimize it for studying the atomic structure of bulk systems, and the Ewald sphere construction is often used to model its variations like the powder and rotating-crystal methods. More easily understood in reciprocal space in its Laue formulation, for ten points, what is this method pioneered by the Braggs to reconstruct lattice structures from the interference patterns of scattered high-energy photons?
Answer: x-ray diffraction
Tossup 16. Included in this tome is a set of three facsimiles, the second of which is the Hypocephalus, an Egyptian memorandum for the deceased. It contains a portion of the Gospel of Matthew; the translated Book of Abraham, which explicates the doctrine of exaltation; the revealed Book of Moses; the thirteen Articles of Faith, which were originally written in 1842 for the editor of the Chicago Democrat; and the Joseph Smith-History. For ten points, what is this Mormon holy scripture named for the subject of a parable in which a man sells all his belongings in order to acquire something that makes him infinitely richer?
Answer: Pearl of Great Price
Tossup 17. He decried the Puritanism taking over his country in The Drums of Father Ned and Behind the Green Curtains, and detailed the 1911 railway strike in the semiautobiographical Red Roses for Me. Other works include The Star Turns Red and Within the Gates, and he drew up the constitution for the Citizen Army in 1914, although he may be best-known for plays set during the Easter Rising and other battles between the IRA and Great Britain. For ten points, name this Irish author of The Shadow of a Gunman and The Plough and the Stars.
Answer:Sean O’Casey
Tossup 18. He advocated belief in the divine as the most important end in life in his The Way Toward the Blessed Life and discussed the importance of the Enlightenment in his series of lectures entitled “The Characteristics of the Present Age.” The effect of the Schlegels’ romanticism can be seen in The Vocation of Man and The Vocation of the Scholar, and he also wrote some Addresses to the German Nation. However, he may be best known for arguing that religious belief requires a practical element necessary to add force to moral law. For ten points, name this German philosopher who wrote as such in his “Critique of All Revelation”.
Answer:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Tossup 19. An unnamed one is the son of the Old Shepherd who saw Antigonus being eaten by a bear in The Winter’s Tale. Named characters given this appellation in their Dramatis Personae include Costard in Loves Labor’s Lost and Lancelot in The Merchant of Venice. The two actors that most frequently portrayed them were William Kempe before 1599 and Robert Armin afterward. Although not technically given this title, which often just meant “country bumpkin,” Thersites in Troilus and Cresside and Dogberry in Much Ado About Nothing both fill the role. Others include Touchstone in As You Like It and the gravedigger in Hamlet. For ten points, name this character-type in Shakespeare’s plays filled by Feste in Twelfth Night which is now better associated with Krusty and Bozo.
Answer: clowns (prompt on “fool,” “jester,” etc.)
Tossup 20. His writings include a 35-book exposition of the Book of Job called the Moralia and four books of Dialogues containing saint’s lives. He squashed Eutychius’s heretical ideas about the Resurrection while a papal legate to the Byzantine court of Tiberius from 579-586. A one time prefect of Rome he turned his own house into a monastery for St. Andrew. The first pope to refer to the position as “servant of the servants of God” he authored a book describing how good bishops should act entitled Pastoral Care. For ten points, name this last of the Four Doctors of the Church who dispatched Augustine of Canterbury to convert England to Christianity.
Answer: Saint Gregory the Great or Gregory I
Overtime Tossup. Although he failed in establishing an estate at Sines he eventually did become the Count of Vidigueira. His most despicable act may have been the sinking of the ship Miri despite its passenger’s offer of ample compensation for release. He died shortly after replacing Duarte de Meneses as ruler at Goa and was often put forth as the alternative to Afonse Albuquerque. On his most notable voyage he set in at Mozambique, Mombasa, and Malindi before arriving at Calicut. For ten points, name this Portuguese explorer who reached India in 1498 following up on the success of Bartholemeu Dias.
Answer: Vasco da Gama
The Illinois Open 2004: The Philosophy of Spite
Bonuses by UIUC (Matt Cvijanovich, Dave Kiang, Sudheer Potru, and Dom Ricci)
Bonus 1. 30-20-10, name the author from works.
1. (30 points) Beautification from Area Boy; Madmen and Specialists; Requiem for a Futurologist
2. (20 points) Kongi’s Harvest; The Bacchae of Euripides; The Trials of Brother Jero
3. (10 points) A Dance of the Forests; The Lion and the Jewel
Answer:Akinwande Oluwole Soyinka
Bonus 2. Answer these questions about a philosopher and his work, for ten points each.
1. A Hanoverian Tory, he defended his views in the series of sermons Passive Obedience, but may be better known for his work with the philosophies of immaterialism and idealism.
Answer: George Berkeley
2. Supposedly addressed to an infidel mathematician, Berkeley argues in this book that anyone who can understand mathematics shouldn’t “be squeamish” about a theory of divinity.
Answer: The Analyst
3. In this work, Berkeley examines the qualities of sight and touch, along with ocular analysis of magnitude and position, concluding that objects of sight do not exist without the mind.
Answer: Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
Bonus 3. Name these reagents, for ten points each.
1. Taking the form R-2CuLi, these reagents are most useful for removing halide groups and replacing them with alkyl groups.
Answer: Gilman reagents
2. This man’s reagent, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, is used in amino-terminal sequencing operations in conjunction with acid hydrolysis.
Answer: Sanger’s reagent
3. Sodium hydroxide, silver nitrate, and ammonia are combined to produce this reagent, which is used in the so-called “silver mirror” test for aldehydes.
Answer: Tollens’ reagent
Bonus 4. Answer the following about the early days of the Mughal Empire, for ten points each.
1. The first of three battles that took place at this location saw the forces of Babur decisively defeat those of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi in 1526, thus establishing the empire.
Answer: Panipat
2. The second Mughal emperor, this man seized Kabul from his disloyal brother Kamran three times. The father of Akbar, he also captured Lahore in 1555, but died just one year later.
Answer: Humayun
3. Under the advice of his chief minister Bayram Khan, Akbar established this city as the capital of the Mughal Empire in 1571.
Answer: Fatehpur Sikri
Bonus 5. Name these bodies of water around Australia, for ten points each.
1, Southwest of the Torres Strait and south of the Arafura Sea, this gulf separates parts of the Northern Territory from those of Queensland.