1.Common Noun: Is a Name Given in Common to Every Person Or Thing of the Same Class

NOUN

A noun is a word, used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events and feelings.

Kinds of nouns:

1.Common Noun: is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class.

2.Proper Noun: is the name of a particular person or place.

Ex. Ashoka was a wise king

Ashoka: Proper Noun

King : Common Noun

Common Nouns include : 1.Collective Noun

2.Abstract Noun

3.Material Noun

1.Collective Noun: is the name of a group of persons or things.

Ex.Army, committee, crowd, fleet, flock, herd, jury, mob, parliament, team

2.Abstract Noun: is the name of quality, action or state considered apart from the object

to which it belongs.

Ex. Quality: goodness, kindness, whiteness, darkness, hardness,

Brightness

Action: laughter, theft, movement, judgement, hatred

State: childhood, boyhood, youth, salvery, sleep, sickness,

death, poverty

3.Material Noun: is the name of a material. Ex. cotton, paper

Karnataka School of Banking
1st Floor, Kiresur Complex, Unkal Cross, HUBBALI
www.karnatakaschoolofbanking.com
Mobile No: 7259988771
KSB COACHING CALENDER FOR THE YEAR 2016
Po (Probationary Officer)
Batch Timings / Clerk
Batch Timings
Batch Starts from / Duration / Timings / Batch Starts from / Duration / Timings
1-July-2016 / 3 months / 4pm to 6pm / 1-jul-2016 / 3 months / 7am to 9am
1-Aug-2016 / 3 months / 2pm to 4pm / 6-Sep-2016 / 3 months / 6pm to 8pm
1-Aug- 2016 / 3 months / 10am to 12pm / 1-Oct-2016 / 3 months / 7am to 9am
1-Nov-2016 / 2 and half months / 10am to 12.30pm
NOUN
1.Countable Noun / 2.Uncountable Noun
Something that can be counted
Ex. Orange, flower, boy, table, horse, book, pen / Something that can not be counted though they can be measured
Ex. Water, air, milk, sand, wood, sugar, oil, honesty
THE NOUN: GENDER(gender is a latin word which means genus, kind, sort)
1.Masculine Gender / 2.Feminine Gender / 3.Common Gender / 4.Neuter Gender
A noun that denotes male animal / A noun that denotes female animal / A noun that denotes either male of female / A noun that denotes a thing without life
Ex. man, bull / Ex. Woman, girl, cow / Ex. Parent, child, friend, pupil, servant, thief, enemy, cousin, person, baby, monarch / Ex. Book, pen, room
THE NOUN: NUMBER
1.Singular Number / 2.Plural Number
A noun that denotes one person or thing / A noun that denotes more than one person or thing
Ex. Fan, stamp, box, man, horse / Ex. Fans, stamps, boxes, men, horses
NOUN : CASE
1.Nominative Case / 2.Objective Case(Accusative) / 3.Possessive Case(Genetive)
A noun(or pronoun) is used as subject of a verb / A noun(or pronoun) is used as object of a verb / If the noun denotes possession, authourship, origin, kind
To find the nominative, put who? or what? Before verb / To find the objective put whom or what before the verb & its subject / Is answer the question whose?

PRONOUNS

A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.

KINDS OF PRONOUNS:

1.Personal pronouns

2.Reflexive Pronouns

3.Emphatic Pronouns

4.Demonstrative Pronouns

5.Indefinite Pronouns

6.Distributive Pronouns

7.Relative Pronouns

1)PERSONAL PRONOUNS: because thy stand for the three persons.

1st Person / The person speaking / I, we
2nd Person / The person spoken to / You
3rd Person / The person spoken of / He, she, they, it

Forms of Personal Pronouns

Case →
Person ↓ / Nominative / Objective(Accusative) / Possessive
Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural
First Person / I / We / Me / Us / My
Mine / Our
ours
Second Person / You / You / You / You / Your,
yours / Your,
Yours
Third Person
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter / He
She
It / they / Him
Her
it / them / His
Her
Hers
its / Their
theirs

2)REFLEXIVE AND EMPHATIC PRONOUNS:

When – self is added to my, your, him, her, it and –selves to our, your, them, we get what are called Compound Personal Pronouns. They are used in two forms.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN / EMPHATIC PRONOUN
When the action done by the subject reflects or turns back upon the subject. In other words, the subject and the object refer to the same person or thing / When a pronoun is used for the sake of emphasis
Ex: / Ex:
1)He killed himself / 1)I myself went to finalise the deal
2)I hurt myself / 2)I will do it myself
3)we hurt ourselves / 3)I myself saw him do it
4)You will hurt yourself / 4)You yourself can best explain

4.DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS:

The pronouns that are used to point out the objects to which they refer, are called demonstrative pronouns.

Ex: this, these, that, those, such.

Ex: This is a book - The book was pointed out to you

5. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:

When a pronoun refers to a person or a thing in a general way, but not to any person or thing in particular, it is called an indefinite pronoun.

Ex: One, none, all, some, somebody, nobody, few, many, any, other, anybody, anyone, everyone

Ex: They say India will reach top of the world one day.

6.DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS:

The Pronouns that refer to persons or things one at a time are called distributive pronoun

Ex: each, either, neither

Each: everyone of a number of persons or things taken singular

Either: the one or the other of two

Neither: not the one or the other of two

7.RELATIVE PRONOUNS:

The main relative pronouns are who, which, that, what, and also, ‘as’ and ‘but’

Usage of Relative Pronouns:

1.Who refers only to persons.

Ex: This is the man who plated the bomb in the rail-way station.

The girl who fought in the street is my neighbour.

2.Which refers only to things, animals and babies.

Ex: This is the computer which he bought.

This is the bird which I saw.

3.That refers to persons, animals and things (that can be used as a substitute of who/which).

Ex: The boy that fought in the street

The book that is on the table is mine.

4.What refers only to things.

Ex: I know what you say

Karnataka School of Banking
1st Floor, Kiresur Complex, Unkal Cross, HUBBALI
www.karnatakaschoolofbanking.com
Mobile No: 7259988771
KSB COACHING CALENDER FOR THE YEAR 2016
Po (Probationary Officer)
Batch Timings / Clerk
Batch Timings
Batch Starts from / Duration / Timings / Batch Starts from / Duration / Timings
1-July-2016 / 3 months / 4pm to 6pm / 1-jul-2016 / 3 months / 7am to 9am
1-Aug-2016 / 3 months / 2pm to 4pm / 6-Sep-2016 / 3 months / 6pm to 8pm
1-Aug- 2016 / 3 months / 10am to 12pm / 1-Oct-2016 / 3 months / 7am to 9am
1-Nov-2016 / 2 and half months / 10am to 12.30pm

VERB

A “verb” is a word used to tell or assert something about some person or thing.

A verb may tell us-

(1)What a person or thing does; as

Hari laughs

The clock striken

(2)What is done to a person or thing; as

Hari is scolded

The window is broken

(3)What a person or thing is; as

The cat is dead

Glass is brittle

I feel sorry

1.Transitive Verb: is a verb that denotes an action which passes over from the doer or agent to an object. Transitive means passing over .(or) Transitive verbs are those verbs that require an object to make the sense clear.

Ex: India won the World Cup.

The action winning passes over from the India(agent) to the object “World Cup”. We also get an answer to “who won what”

Ex: The sun shines brightly.( here shine is intransitive verb)

2.Intransitive verb: is a verb that denotes an action which does not pass over to an object, or that expresses a state of being. Intransitive means not passing over. (or) Intransitive verbs are those that do not require any object to make the sense clear.

Ex: I run

Birds fly

He lay on the floor

You are a girl

Verbs like, come, go, fall, die, sleep, lie, awake, walk, rise, swim and crawl denotes action which can’t be done to anything. They can therefore be used only intransitively.

“Be” forms(only simple tense are mentioned here)

Tense→
Person↓ / Present / Past / Future
Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural
1st / am / are / was / were / shall be
2nd / are / are / were / were / will be
3rd / is / are / was / were / will be

1)Simple: The action is mentioned simply. Nothing is said about whether the action is complete

2)Continuous: The action is complete or continuous or going on

3)Perfect: The action is finished, complete or perfect with respect to a certain point of time

4)Perfect Continuous: The action is going on continuously over a long period of time and is yet to be finished.

VOICE / SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS / PERFECT / PERFECT CONTINUEOUS
PRESENT / ACTIVE / I love / I am loving / I have loved / I have been loving
PASSIVE / I am loved / I am being loved / I have been loved / -
PAST / ACTIVE / I loved / I was loving / I had loved / I had been loving
PASSIVE / I was loved / I was being loved / I had been loved / -
FUTURE / ACTIVE / I shall love / I shall be loving / I shall have loved / I shall have been loving
PASSIVE / I shall be loved / - / I shall have been loved / -
VOICE / SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS / PERFECT / PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT / ACTIVE / I+V1 / I+am+V1+ing / I+have+V3 / I+have been+V1+ing
PASSIVE / I+am+V3 / I+am+being+V3 / I+have been+V3 / -
PAST / ACTIVE / I+V2 / I+was+V1+ing / I+had+V3 / I+had been+V1+ing
PASSIVE / I+was+V3 / I+was being+V3 / I+had been+V3 / -
FUTURE / ACTIVE / I+shall+V1 / I+shall be+V1+ing / I+shall have+V3 / I+shall have been+V1+ing
PASSIVE / I+shall be+V3 / - / I+shall have been+V3 / -
Present tense(V1) / Past Tense(V2) / Past Participle(V3)
begin / began / begun
beseech / besought / besought
bring / brought / brought
fall / fell / fallen
fly / flew / flown
win / won / won

PRESENT SIMPLE:

1)To express a habitual action:

Incorrect: He is taking a walk every morning

Correct: He takes a walk every morning

2)To express general truth:

Incorrect: Two and two are making four

Correct: Two and two make four

3)In exclamatory sentences beginning with “here” and “there” to express what is actually taking place in the present: as

There she goes

Incorrect: Here is coming the bus

Correct: Here comes the bus

4)To indicate a future event that is part of a plan or an arrangement.

Ex: The Indian team goes to the Caribbean island next month

The next flight is at 7.00 tomorrow morning

The match starts at 9 o’clock

The train leaves at 5.20

5)To introduce quotation

Ex: Pope says “ A little knowledge is a dangerous thing”

6)When two actions of the future are being talked about, one dependent on the other, the former action is denoted by present simple and the latter by future simple.

Ex: We shall go when the child comes back home

PRESENT CONTINUOUS:

1)To express an action going on at the time of speaking

Ex: She is singing(now)

The boys are playing hocky.

2)To express a temporary action which may not be actually happening at the time of speaking

Ex: I am reading ‘Bhagvadgeeta’(but I am not reading at this moment)

I am working on a project

3)To express an action that is planned or arranged to take place in the near future

Ex: He is going to the city tomorrow

I am going to the cinema tonight

My uncle is arriving tomorrow

4)When the reference is to a particularly obstinate habit- something which persists, the present continuous tense is used instead of present simple. An adverb like always, continually, constantly also used.

Incorrect: It is no use scolding him; he always does what is forbidden.

Correct: It is no use scolding him; he is always doing what is forbidden.

PRESENT PERFECT:

1)To indicate completed activities in the immediate past(with just) as:

Ex: He has just gone out

It has just struck ten

Incorrect: He just came

Correct: He has just come

2)To express past actions whose time is not given and not definite

Ex: Have you read “Guliver’s Travels”?

Incorrect: I wrote three books

Correct: I have written three books

3)To denote an action beginning at some time in the past and continuing up to the present moment(often with ‘since’, ‘for’ ‘how long’ phrases)

Ex: I have known him for a long time