Article title: Importance of intraspecifically gregarious species in a tropical bird community

Journal: Oecologia

Authors: Hari Sridhar*, Kartik Shanker

Affiliation: Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.

*Corresponding author. email:

Online Resource 1: Species combinations recorded in two-species flocks in Anshi national park, Western Ghats, India

Table 1. Species combinations that were recorded in two-species flocks in Anshi national park, Western Ghats, India. Data on the number of two-species flocks, as well as flocks containing greater than two species, in which each combination was recorded is provided. Combinations are arranged in decreasing order of the number of two-species flocks in which they were present. Guild codes: ‘g’ = intraspecifically gregarious non-sallyer; ‘s’ = intraspecifically solitary sallyer species; ‘n’ = intraspecifically solitary non-sallyer

Species1 / Species 2 / guild combination / Number of flocks (two-species) / Number of flocks (all) /
Phylloscopus occipitalis / Hypothymis azurea / gs / 14 / 205
Pericrocotus flammeus / Dicrurus leucophaeus / gs / 13 / 73
Alcippe poioicephala / Phylloscopus occipitalis / gg / 11 / 221
Alcippe poioicephala / Iole indica / gn / 9 / 172
Pericrocotus flammeus / Zosterops palpebrosus / gg / 7 / 59
Alcippe poioicephala / Pomatorhinus horsfieldii / gn / 5 / 41
Dicrurus paradiseus / Dendrocitta leucogastra / sn / 5 / 12
Alcippe poioicephala / Dicrurus leucophaeus / gs / 4 / 68
Alcippe poioicephala / Pericrocotus flammeus / gg / 4 / 125
Pericrocotus flammeus / Hemipus picatus / gn / 4 / 26
Rhopocichla atriceps / Cyornis pallipes / gn / 4 / 24
Rhopocichla atriceps / Phylloscopus magnirostris / gn / 4 / 13
Dendronanthus indicus / Terpsiphone paradisi / sn / 3 / 7
Pericrocotus flammeus / Chloropsis aurifrons / gn / 3 / 27
Phylloscopus occipitalis / Terpsiphone paradisi / gs / 3 / 94
Phylloscopus occipitalis / Zosterops palpebrosus / gg / 3 / 89
Rhopocichla atriceps / Alcippe poioicephala / gg / 3 / 47
Rhopocichla atriceps / Iole indica / gn / 3 / 35
Rhopocichla atriceps / Terpsiphone paradisi / gs / 3 / 22
Zosterops palpebrosus / Aegithina tiphia / 1 gg; 2 gn / 3 / 12
Alcippe poioicephala / Dicrurus paradiseus / gs / 2 / 163
Dicrurus paradiseus / Dinopium javanense / sn / 2 / 24
Dicrurus paradiseus / Pomatorhinus horsfieldii / sn / 2 / 36
Pericrocotus flammeus / Dicrurus aeneus / gs / 2 / 25
Phylloscopus occipitalis / Muscicapa muttui / gn / 2 / 2
Phylloscopus occipitalis / Phylloscopus trochiloides / gn / 2 / 153
Rhopocichla atriceps / Zosterops palpebrosus / gg / 2 / 16
Tephrodornis gularis / Dicrurus leucophaeus / gs / 2 / 23
Tephrodornis gularis / Sitta frontalis / gn^ / 2 / 23
Turdoides striata / Pomatorhinus horsfieldii / gn / 2 / 1
Zosterops palpebrosus / Chrysocolaptes lucidus / gn / 2 / 6
Aegithina tiphia / Coracina melanoptera / gn / 1 / 7
Aegithina tiphia / Cyornis tickelliae / gn / 1 / 1
Alcippe poioicephala / Eumyias thalassina / gn / 1 / 18
Alcippe poioicephala / Harpactes fasciatus / gn / 1 / 38
Alcippe poioicephala / Picumnus innominatus / gn / 1 / 40
Alcippe poioicephala / Sitta frontalis / gn / 1 / 46
Alcippe poioicephala / Terpsiphone paradisi / gs / 1 / 84
Alcippe poioicephala / Zosterops palpebrosus / gg / 1 / 69
Dicrurus aeneus / Coracina melanoptera / sn / 1 / 11
Dicrurus leucophaeus / Aegithina tiphia / sn / 1 / 19
Dicrurus leucophaeus / Harpactes fasciatus / sn / 1 / 7
Dicrurus paradiseus / Chrysocolaptes lucidus / sn / 1 / 13
Dicrurus paradiseus / Harpactes fasciatus / sn / 1 / 35
Dicrurus paradiseus / Megalaima viridis / sn / 1 / 19
Oriolus oriolus / Iole indica / nn / 1 / 28
Pericrocotus flammeus / Aegithina tiphia / gn / 1 / 23
Pericrocotus flammeus / Hemicircus canente / gn / 1 / 15
Pericrocotus flammeus / Phylloscopus occipitalis / gg / 1 / 122
Pericrocotus flammeus / Sitta frontalis / gn / 1 / 49
Rhopocichla atriceps / Acrocephalus dumetorum / gn / 1 / 1
Rhopocichla atriceps / Aegithina tiphia / gg / 1 / 7
Rhopocichla atriceps / Picumnus innominatus / gn / 1 / 11
Rhopocichla atriceps / Pomatorhinus horsfieldii / gn / 1 / 15
Tephrodornis gularis / Alcippe poioicephala / gg / 1 / 24
Tephrodornis gularis / Hemipus picatus / gn / 1 / 5
Tephrodornis gularis / Megalaima rubricapillus / gn / 1 / 1
Zosterops palpebrosus / Chloropsis aurifrons / gn / 1 / 8
Zosterops palpebrosus / Picus chlorolophus / gn / 1 / 12

^In one flock T. gularis was ‘g’ and S. frontalis was ‘n’ and in the other flock it was vice-versa.