Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Novel Features of Kalanchoë Interspecific

Quantitative and qualitative characterization of novel features of Kalanchoë interspecific hybrids

Euphytica

KatarzynaKuligowska1, Henrik Lütken, Brian Christensen2, Renate Müller

1 Department of Plant and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, HøjbakkegårdAllé 9-13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark;

Characters measured for hybrids and parental species, and analysis of variance

First open
flower (days)
n=16 / First wilted flower (days)
n=16 / Flower longevity (days)
n=16 / Plant
height (cm)
n=16 / Plant
diameter (cm)
n=16 / No. of inflorescences
n=16 / Flower
diameter (mm)
n=48 / Flower
length (mm)
n=48 / Style
length (mm)
n=48 / No. of
Flowers
n=16
mean / S.E. / Sig.1 / mean / S.E. / Sig. / mean / S.E. / Sig. / mean / S.E. / Sig. / mean / S.E. / Sig. / mean / S.E. / Sig. / mean / S.E. / Sig. / mean / S.E. / Sig. / mean / S.E. / Sig. / mean / S.E. / Sig.
K. b. '0089A' / 84.8 / 0.4 / a / 104.6 / 0.7 / a / 19.9 / 0.7 / a / 48.1 / 0.9 / c / 24.9 / 0.6 / c / 7.1 / 0.4 / a / 18.9 / 0.1 / d / 14.8 / 0.1 / f / 2.9 / 0.0 / e / 289.8 / 23.1 / a
Hybrid 1 / 84.8 / 0.4 / b / 104.6 / 0.7 / b / 19.9 / 0.7 / ab / 81.6 / 1.2 / b / 34.8 / 0.8 / ab / 4.3 / 0.3 / b / 20.4 / 0.1 / bc / 19.0 / 0.1 / bc / 5.3 / 0.0 / c / 149.8 / 11.1 / b
Hybrid 2 / 73.4 / 1.0 / b / 89.56 / 1.4 / b / 16.2 / 0.5 / b / 86.8 / 2.4 / ab / 35.6 / 1.0 / ab / 3.8 / 0.3 / b / 20.3 / 0.1 / bc / 18.4 / 0.1 / cde / 5.3 / 0.0 / c / 155.3 / 16.1 / b
Hybrid 3 / 74.3 / 0.9 / b / 89 / 1.6 / b / 14.7 / 1.0 / ab / 85.3 / 1.5 / b / 32.6 / 0.8 / b / 3.6 / 0.2 / bc / 21.3 / 0.1 / b / 19.5 / 0.1 / bc / 5.6 / 0.1 / b / 140.1 / 6.4 / b
Hybrid 4 / 74.9 / 0.8 / b / 91.97 / 1.0 / b / 17.1 / 1.1 / b / 85.6 / 2.4 / b / 35.6 / 0.4 / ab / 4.3 / 0.3 / b / 20.4 / 0.1 / bc / 18.3 / 0.1 / de / 5.0 / 0.0 / cd / 144.4 / 11.4 / b
Hybrid 5 / 74.0 / 1.0 / b / 88.06 / 1.4 / b / 14.0 / 0.7 / b / 83.3 / 2.1 / b / 33.3 / 1.0 / b / 4.3 / 0.3 / b / 20.4 / 0.1 / c / 18.4 / 0.1 / e / 5.1 / 0.0 / d / 173.7 / 14.6 / b
Hybrid 6 / 74.7 / 1.0 / b / 90.87 / 1.8 / b / 15.9 / 1.2 / b / 84.0 / 2.1 / b / 36.0 / 0.7 / ab / 3.9 / 0.3 / b / 20.3 / 0.4 / bc / 18.9 / 0.1 / bcd / 5.4 / 0.1 / bc / 147.5 / 12.2 / b
K. nyikae / 76.9 / 0.9 / b / 92.41 / 1.6 / c / 15.5 / 1.2 / c / 94.4 / 1.4 / ab / 37.3 / 1.2 / a / 2.4 / 0.2 / c / 23.6 / 0.2 / a / 24.3 / 0.1 / a / 8.4 / 0.1 / a / 13.6 / 0.9 / c
K. nyikae / 73.8 / 0.6 / bc / 77.53 / 0.7 / d / 3.7 / 0.2 / c / 94.4 / 1.4 / a / 37.3 / 1.2 / a / 2.4 / 0.2 / de / 23.6 / 0.2 / a / 24.3 / 0.1 / a / 8.4 / 0.1 / a / 13.6 / 0.9 / d
Hybrid 1 / 73.2 / 0.9 / bc / 86.5 / 0.9 / c / 13.3 / 0.8 / b / 85.2 / 1.7 / a / 35.9 / 0.7 / ab / 4.6 / 0.3 / bc / 20.2 / 0.1 / c / 18.5 / 0.1 / b / 5.1 / 0.0 / b / 124.2 / 11.7 / c
Hybrid 2 / 72.5 / 0.8 / c / 88.3 / 1.3 / c / 15.8 / 0.8 / b / 87.4 / 3.7 / a / 36.4 / 0.8 / a / 5.6 / 0.4 / ab / 20.5 / 0.1 / cd / 18.8 / 0.1 / b / 5.2 / 0.0 / b / 196.8 / 22.5 / b
Hybrid 3 / 72.5 / 0.7 / c / 88.0 / 1.1 / c / 15.5 / 0.7 / b / 91.0 / 1.0 / a / 38.3 / 0.9 / a / 5.3 / 0.4 / bc / 20.5 / 0.1 / c / 18.8 / 0.1 / b / 5.2 / 0.0 / b / 173.6 / 17.2 / bc
Hybrid 4 / 74.0 / 0.8 / bc / 88.7 / 1.3 / c / 14.7 / 1.0 / b / 83.1 / 2.2 / a / 37.1 / 0.6 / a / 3.8 / 0.2 / cd / 20.5 / 0.1 / c / 18.8 / 0.1 / b / 5.2 / 0.0 / b / 123.5 / 10.5 / c
Hybrid 5 / 75.8 / 1.1 / b / 96.4 / 1.6 / b / 20.5 / 0.8 / a / 73.7 / 2.9 / b / 33.3 / 0.7 / b / 2.3 / 0.2 / e / 20.5 / 0.1 / b / 18.8 / 0.1 / b / 5.2 / 0.0 / b / 141.4 / 7.6 / bc
Hybrid 6 / 72.7 / 0.6 / bc / 86.9 / 1.0 / c / 14.2 / 0.6 / b / 88.9 / 2.0 / a / 38.9 / 0.8 / a / 5.6 / 0.5 / b / 20.5 / 0.1 / d / 18.8 / 0.1 / b / 5.2 / 0.0 / b / 164.5 / 11.4 / bc
K. b. '0089A' / 84.8 / 0.4 / a / 104.6 / 0.7 / a / 19.9 / 0.7 / a / 48.1 / 0.9 / c / 24.9 / 0.6 / c / 7.1 / 0.4 / a / 18.9 / 0.2 / e / 14.8 / 0.1 / c / 2.9 / 0.0 / c / 289.8 / 23.1 / a
K. b. '0089A' / 82.1 / 1.0 / a / 102.0 / 0.8 / a / 19.9 / 0.6 / a / 46.4 / 1.1 / c / 23.8 / 0.6 / b / 7.6 / 0.4 / b / 18.2 / 0.1 / c / 14.5 / 0.1 / e / 2.9 / 0.0 / d / 289.8 / 23.1 / a
Hybrid 1 / 72.0 / 0.7 / c / 85.8 / 0.6 / c / 13.8 / 0.7 / b / 65.1 / 1.1 / b / 40.6 / 1.0 / a / 8.9 / 0.4 / ab / 17.5 / 0.1 / d / 17.6 / 0.1 / d / 7.0 / 0.0 / bc / 149.8 / 11.1 / a
Hybrid 2 / 74.4 / 0.8 / bc / 86.9 / 0.8 / bc / 12.5 / 0.7 / b / 66.4 / 1.2 / b / 40.5 / 1.2 / a / 9.8 / 0.4 / a / 18.3 / 0.1 / bc / 18.2 / 0.1 / c / 7.0 / 0.0 / bc / 155.3 / 16.3 / a
Hybrid 3 / 77.3 / 0.9 / b / 89.1 / 0.8 / bc / 11.8 / 0.6 / b / 62.6 / 0.9 / b / 39.9 / 1.5 / a / 9.6 / 0.6 / ab / 18.4 / 0.1 / bc / 17.8 / 0.1 / cd / 7.0 / 0.0 / bc / 140.1 / 6.4 / a
Hybrid 4 / 73.8 / 0.7 / bc / 86.0 / 0.9 / bc / 12.3 / 0.6 / b / 67.0 / 1.2 / b / 38.2 / 1.9 / a / 9.4 / 0.3 / ab / 18.9 / 0.2 / b / 18.8 / 0.1 / b / 7.2 / 0.1 / b / 144.4 / 11.4 / a
Hybrid 5 / 76.6 / 0.7 / b / 88.8 / 0.8 / bc / 12.3 / 0.6 / b / 64.8 / 1.5 / b / 36.3 / 1.1 / a / 8.6 / 0.6 / ab / 18.9 / 0.1 / b / 18.1 / 0.1 / c / 6.9 / 0.1 / c / 173.7 / 14.6 / a
Hybrid 6 / 74.4 / 1.0 / bc / 86.7 / 0.7 / bc / 12.3 / 0.7 / b / 64.6 / 1.7 / b / 38.4 / 1.1 / a / 8.2 / 0.5 / ab / 18.1 / 0.1 / cd / 18.0 / 0.1 / cd / 6.8 / 0.1 / c / 147.5 / 12.2 / a
K. pub. / 83.2 / 0.7 / a / 89.3 / 0.5 / b / 6.1 / 0.7 / c / 76.2 / 1.4 / a / 38.1 / 0.8 / a / 5.1 / 0.4 / c / 25.0 / 0.3 / a / 35.0 / 0.2 / a / 25.3 / 0.1 / a / 13.6 / 0.9 / b
K. b. '0089A' / 82.1 / 1.0 / a / 102.0 / 0.8 / a / 19.9 / 0.6 / a / 46.4 / 1.1 / c / 23.8 / 0.6 / ab / 7.6 / 0.4 / cd / 18.2 / 0.1 / a / 14.5 / 0.1 / de / 2.9 / 0.0 / e / 257.9 / 18.4 / c
Hybrid 1 / 72.2 / 1.1 / c / 90.8 / 0.8 / bc / 18.6 / 0.8 / ab / 47.3 / 1.1 / c / 24.3 / 1.2 / ab / 8.4 / 0.6 / bcd / 15.5 / 0.1 / b / 15.8 / 0.1 / b / 5.9 / 0.1 / c / 344.3 / 25.0 / abc
Hybrid 2 / 74.6 / 0.9 / bc / 93.7 / 1.0 / bc / 19.0 / 0.8 / ab / 46.1 / 1.0 / cd / 22.4 / 0.5 / ab / 9.5 / 0.6 / abc / 14.7 / 0.1 / c / 14.0 / 0.1 / e / 5.5 / 0.1 / d / 350.6 / 26.8 / abc
Hybrid 3 / 71.3 / 0.9 / c / 87.8 / 1.2 / cd / 16.4 / 0.8 / b / 41.1 / 1.3 / d / 21.9 / 1.0 / ab / 8.3 / 0.6 / bcd / 14.7 / 0.1 / c / 15.8 / 0.1 / b / 6.5 / 0.1 / b / 291.0 / 29.2 / bc
Hybrid 4 / 74.4 / 1.3 / bc / 92.8 / 1.3 / b / 18.4 / 0.8 / ab / 50.0 / 1.2 / bc / 23.7 / 1.2 / ab / 7.4 / 0.7 / cd / 14.4 / 0.1 / cd / 15.0 / 0.1 / c / 6.1 / 0.1 / c / 352.0 / 20.8 / abc
Hybrid 5 / 76.6 / 1.0 / b / 93.0 / 0.9 / b / 16.4 / 0.8 / b / 56.2 / 1.9 / a / 25.9 / 1.1 / a / 10.8 / 0.7 / ab / 14.3 / 0.1 / cd / 14.3 / 0.1 / e / 5.4 / 0.1 / d / 420.9 / 33.0 / abc
Hybrid 6 / 71.1 / 0.7 / c / 89.9 / 0.8 / bc / 18.8 / 0.6 / ab / 53.9 / 1.6 / ab / 26.1 / 1.1 / a / 11.5 / 0.5 / a / 14.1 / 0.1 / d / 14.9 / 0.1 / cd / 6.1 / 0.1 / c / 404.5 / 38.6 / ab
K. marn. / 74.5 / 1.0 / bc / 84.3 / 1.1 / d / 9.2 / 0.9 / c / 34.9 / 1.1 / e / 20.9 / 1.2 / b / 6.4 / 0.5 / d / 6.1 / 0.1 / e / 24.6 / 0.2 / a / 18.0 / 0.1 / a / 24.7 / 2.5 / d
K. b. 'Jackie' / 81.9 / 0.7 / a / 113.2 / 0.6 / a / 31.3 / 0.6 / a / 25.4 / 0.5 / d / 21.7 / 0.4 / d / 6.3 / 0.3 / a / 18.4 / 0.1 / f / 16.1 / 0.1 / e / 3.0 / 0.0 / d / 304.9 / 26.8 / a
Hybrid 1 / 68.1 / 0.6 / d / 83.4 / 0.6 / c / 15.3 / 0.5 / c / 64.8 / 1.4 / b / 34.1 / 0.6 / bc / 4.5 / 0.4 / bc / 21.1 / 0.1 / d / 19.5 / 0.1 / d / 5.9 / 0.1 / c / 220.4 / 32.0 / b
Hybrid 2 / 70.5 / 0.7 / cd / 93.1 / 1.3 / b / 22.5 / 1.2 / b / 57.3 / 1.1 / c / 36.8 / 0.9 / abc / 3.5 / 0.4 / bcd / 24.8 / 0.1 / a / 20.7 / 0.1 / c / 6.2 / 0.1 / bc / 186.6 / 24.0 / b
Hybrid 3 / 73.6 / 0.8 / b / 90.9 / 1.0 / b / 17.0 / 0.8 / c / 66.9 / 1.3 / b / 34.0 / 0.6 / c / 4.7 / 0.5 / b / 22.6 / 0.1 / c / 19.5 / 0.1 / d / 6.3 / 0.1 / c / 156.9 / 10.3 / bc
Hybrid 4 / 71.6 / 0.7 / bc / 86.7 / 1.2 / c / 15.1 / 0.7 / c / 63.6 / 1.0 / b / 37.7 / 0.7 / a / 3.2 / 0.2 / cd / 20.4 / 0.1 / e / 21.3 / 0.1 / b / 6.5 / 0.1 / b / 99.1 / 5.6 / c
K. nyikae / 73.8 / 0.6 / b / 77.5 / 0.7 / d / 3.7 / 0.2 / d / 94.4 / 1.4 / a / 37.3 / 1.2 / ab / 2.4 / 0.2 / d / 23.6 / 0.2 / b / 24.3 / 0.1 / a / 8.4 / 0.1 / a / 13.6 / 0.9 / d
K. b. 'Jackie' / 77.5 / 1.2 / b / 107.9 / 1.4 / a / 30.4 / 0.9 / a / 24.2 / 0.6 / f / 20.3 / 0.4 / d / 6.6 / 0.3 / bc / 17.9 / 0.1 / f / 16.4 / 0.1 / e / 3.0 / 0.0 / f / 308.1 / 31.3 / a
Hybrid 1 / 70.9 / 0.6 / de / 88.6 / 0.9 / de / 17.7 / 0.8 / bc / 43.3 / 0.9 / d / 36.1 / 0.8 / ab / 8.8 / 0.4 / a / 21.8 / 0.1 / c / 18.9 / 0.2 / c / 7.2 / 0.1 / cd / 195.3 / 14.2 / b
Hybrid 2 / 70.5 / 0.6 / e / 86.9 / 1.0 / e / 16.4 / 0.8 / c / 53.4 / 1.4 / c / 36.3 / 1.5 / ab / 7.8 / 0.3 / ab / 21.8 / 0.1 / c / 19.5 / 0.1 / bc / 7.3 / 0.0 / e / 194.2 / 10.9 / b
Hybrid 3 / 72.0 / 1.1 / cde / 88.4 / 1.2 / de / 16.4 / 0.6 / c / 48.1 / 1.1 / d / 38.0 / 1.3 / ab / 9.0 / 0.3 / a / 20.6 / 0.1 / d / 18.3 / 0.1 / d / 7.4 / 0.1 / c / 290.9 / 30.4 / a
Hybrid 4 / 74.6 / 1.0 / bcd / 92.6 / 1.2 / bcd / 17.9 / 0.8 / bc / 32.6 / 1.1 / e / 27.7 / 1.1 / c / 6.5 / 0.5 / bc / 19.6 / 0.1 / e / 18.3 / 0.1 / d / 7.8 / 0.1 / b / 192.3 / 17.7 / b
Hybrid 5 / 82.3 / 1.0 / a / 93.2 / 0.9 / bc / 10.9 / 0.5 / d / 70.3 / 1.0 / b / 38.9 / 1.5 / a / 8.6 / 0.4 / a / 22.7 / 0.2 / b / 19.9 / 0.1 / b / 7.0 / 0.0 / de / 53.1 / 3.8 / c
Hybrid 6 / 75.3 / 0.9 / bc / 96.3 / 0.7 / b / 21.0 / 1.0 / b / 56.7 / 1.6 / c / 33.1 / 1.1 / b / 6.9 / 0.4 / b / 21.3 / 0.1 / c / 18.0 / 0.1 / d / 6.9 / 0.1 / e / 230.7 / 13.8 / ab
K. pub. / 83.2 / 0.7 / a / 89.3 / 0.5 / cde / 6.1 / 0.7 / e / 76.2 / 1.4 / a / 38.1 / 0.8 / a / 5.1 / 0.4 / c / 25.0 / 0.3 / a / 35.0 / 0.2 / a / 25.3 / 0.1 / a / 26.9 / 2.2 / c
1Sig.: significance; Values presented are means (±S.E.), values followed by different letters are significantly different (P ≤0.05) according to Tukey’s honestly significant difference test