Name: ______Period: ______Date: ______
Cellular Energy Test – Study Guide
8.L.5 Understand the composition of various substances as it relates to their ability to serve as a source of energy and building materials for growth and repair of organisms.
- 8.L.5.1 Summarize how food provides the energy and the molecules required for building materials, growth and survival of all organisms (to include plants).
- 8.L.5.2 Explain the relationship among a healthy diet, exercise, and the general health of the body (emphasis on the relationship between respiration and digestion).
- Explain the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
- Describe the functions of the following cell organelles: cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, chlorophyll
- Know the four main groups of organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- Know whichelements are the primary components of each of these compounds.
- Know their role in providing energy for the body.
- Know the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) as well was structures that are made of proteins (hair, nails, muscles, enzymes)
- Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis.
- Explain the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph.
- During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars.
- Recognize the balanced equations for photosynthesis and respiration and understand how they are opposite processes.
- The equation for photosynthesis is
- The respiration equation is
- Be able to describe the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion and know which process starts cellular respiration.
- During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.
- Know the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
- Describe the process of cellular respiration (glycolysis Kreb’s cycle electron transport chain) and where each part occurs in the cell.
- Know how exercise can affect respiration
- Fermentation provides energy for cells by using alcohol instead of oxygen.
- Know the difference between alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation and how lactic acid can affect your muscles.
Key Terms
Name: ______Period: ______Date: ______
- cytoplasm
- mitochondria
- chloroplast
- ribosome
- carbohydrate
- lipid
- protein
- amino acid
- enzyme
- nucleic acid
- autotroph
- heterotroph
- photosynthesis
- aerobic respiration
- anaerobic respiration
- fermentation
- mechanical digestion
- chemical digestion