PERMIT MEMORANDUM 2004-338-TV DRAFT 3
OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY DRAFT
AIR QUALITY DIVISION
MEMORANDUM March 24, 2008
TO: Phillip Fielder, P.E., Permits and Engineering Group Manager,
Air Quality Division
THROUGH: Kendal Stegmann, Senior Environmental Manager, Compliance and Enforcement
THROUGH: Grover Campbell, P.E., Existing Source Permits Section
THROUGH: Phil Martin, P.E., Engineering Section
THROUGH: Peer Review
FROM: Dale Becker, P.E., New Source Permits Section
SUBJECT: Evaluation of Permit Application No. 2004-338-TV
American Environmental Landfill, Inc. (AEL)
Sand Springs Facility
SE ¼, Section 36, T20N, R10E, Osage County
(Lat. 36.164º Long. -96.183º)
Directions: ¾ mile north of Hwy 67 on Tulsa and Osage County road 177th West Avenue.
SECTION I. FACILITY DESCRIPTION
American Environmental Landfill (AEL) is an active municipal solid waste landfill (SIC 4953). The facility is currently operating under DEQ Solid Waste Permit No. 3557021. No Air Quality permit has been issued for this facility. The facility started receiving waste materials in 1981 with an initial permitted design capacity of 2.17 million megagrams (Mg). On September 16, 2003, AEL received approval for a vertical expansion from the Oklahoma Department Of Environmental Quality, Land Protection Division (ODEQ-LPD) increasing the total capacity of the landfill to 2.6 million Mg. Pursuant to the requirements of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), an initial design capacity report was submitted to the Air Quality Division in December, 2003, reflecting the increase in capacity above the 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million cubic meters threshold. The modification and increased capacity of the landfill made the facility applicable to the requirements of NSPS subpart WWW and the permitting requirements of Part 70. Following submittal of the initial Title V permit application in December, 2004, the facility was granted approval for a lateral expansion through the ODEQ-LPD increasing the total capacity of the facility to 10.11 million Mg.
The facility is currently not required to install a landfill gas (LFG) collection and emission control system (GCCS) since non-methane organic compound (NMOC) emissions from the landfill are currently below 50 megagrams per year (Mg/yr), according to a Tier II test for a site-specific NMOC concentration conducted on May 5 and 6, 2005. The result of the Tier II is valid for 5 years. Another Tier II test will be due by May, 2010.
Although AEL is not required to install a gas collection and control system pursuant to NSPS, the facility has installed a passive gas vent system. The facility conducts gas monitoring at perimeter probes on a monthly basis. During previous gas monitoring events methane was detected at levels in excess of the lower explosive limit at gas probes located at the facility. Therefore, the facility developed and submitted a gas remediation plan to the ODEQ-LPD which included the design and installation of a passive gas vent system to remediate the methane exceedances at the facility. The passive gas vent system design includes the installation of vents along the perimeter of the disposal area.
LFG is a primary emission in the facility. Microbiological processes associated with waste decomposition result in the production of LFG, which is composed primarily of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2): CO2 content ranging from 30 to 50% and CH4 from 40 to 60%. Initial decomposition of the wastes is rapid and continuous until the entrained oxygen within the refuse is depleted. The second stage is anaerobic decomposition that can be divided into two separate and independent processes: non-methanogenic and methanogenic. CO2 is a byproduct of the non-methanogenic process and CH4 is a byproduct of the methanogenic process.
LFG may contain small amounts of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC), which include trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). The production of LFG begins a few months after initial waste placement and continues until the microbial reactions are limited by substrate or moisture availability. LFG production is also affected by the solid waste disposal rate and varies over the life of the landfill. Generally, LFG production increases with time until a peak volume is reached shortly after landfill closure.
SECTION II. EMISSIONS
Air emissions from the facility include PM and NMOC.
NMOC emissions were estimated by using a computerized landfill gas modeling program, EPA’s Landfill Gas Emissions Model (Version 3.02). The actual waste acceptance rates from 1981 through 2005, where available, were used in the program. From 2006 to estimated closure year of 2033 an estimated 3 percent increase in waste acceptance was assumed each year. Parameter inputs selected for the computer NMOC modeling are from the recommended AP-42 (11/98) default values (page 2.4-4) for methane generation rate constant k, methane generation potential L0, and from Tier II test results for 402.7 ppmv NMOC concentration CNMOC by volume. A k value of 0.05/year and a L0 value of 170 m3/Mg are used, which are appropriate for most landfills in areas receiving 25 inches or more of rain per year.
Estimated NMOC Generation Rate
Year / NMOC emissions Mg/yr2007 / 43.5
2012 / 56.4
The current NMOC emission are less than the threshold of 50 Mg/year as specified in NSPS Subpart WWW.
The estimated methane generation rate in 2012 of 19,530,000 m3/yr results in an estimated 32 TPY of VOC in the year 2012.
Hazardous air pollutant (HAP), and other organic compound emissions were estimated using an equation in §60.755(a)(1) for calculation of LFG generation rate (QM, m3/year), equations (3) & (4) in AP-42 (11/98) Section 2.4, and default concentrations for HAPs in LFG in AP-42 (11/98) Table 2.4-1. Emissions of each HAP are less than 10 TPY and total HAP emissions are less than 25 TPY. The facility is and area source of HAP.
Uncontrolled HAP Emissions
Emissions (TPY)Total HAP / 10.86
Fugitive emissions from processes such as vehicle traffic are not federally regulated. No specific limits will be required, however the specific conditions will require reasonable precautions be taken to minimize fugitive dust from all activities. Fugitive dust emissions estimates were submitted January 24, 2006, using AP-42 (12/03) Section 13.2.2 “Unpaved Roads.” The results for the estimated emission are provided below.
Fugitive Dust Emissions
Vehicle Type / PM2.5 (TPY) / PM10 (TPY)Earthmoving Equipment Operations / 6.7 / 43.8
Facility emission sources include a Waste Oil Burner. Emissions from the Commercial Waste Oil Burner (0.25 MMBTUH) were calculated using AP-42 (10/96) Section 1.11. With waste oil heat content of 150 MMBTU/1,000 gal), the burner’s emissions are less than 1 TPY. The burner is considered as insignificant activity.
Waste Oil Burner Emissions
Emission Unit / SOX / VOC / COlb/hr / TPY / lb/hr / TPY / lb/hr / TPY
Waste Oil Burner / 0.03 / 0.12 / 0.00 / 0.01 / 0.00 / 0.02
The following table is presented for information only and does not represent specific limit requirements:
Total Facility Air Emissions
Pollutants /Emissions
2007 / 2012NMOC / 43.5 (Mg/yr) / 56.4 (Mg/yr)
PM10 / 43.8 (TPY)
VOC / 32 (TPY)
SECTION III. INSIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES
The insignificant activities identified and justified in the application and listed in OAC 252:100-8, Appendix I, are duplicated below. Record keeping, for activities indicated with an “*”, is required in the Specific Conditions.
1. Emissions from stationary internal combustion engines rated less than 50 hp output. None identified but may be used in the future.
2. * Emissions from fuel storage/dispensing equipment operated solely for facility owned vehicles if fuel throughput is not more than 2,175 gallons/day, averaged over a 30-day period. There is a 10,000-gallon diesel storage tank with a maximum daily throughput less than the threshold of 2,175 gallon per day.
3. * Storage tanks with less than or equal to 10,000 gallons capacity that store volatile organic liquids with a true vapor pressure less than or equal to 1.0 psia at maximum storage temperature.
4. *Bulk gasoline or other fuel distribution with a daily average throughput less than 2,175 gallons per day, including dispensing, averaged over a 30-day period.
5. * Welding and soldering operations utilizing less than 100 pounds of solder and 53 tons per year of electrodes. None identified but may be used in the future.
6. Wood chipping operations not associated with primary process operation. None identified but may be used in the future.
7. * Torch cutting and welding or under 200,000 tons of steel fabricated per year. None identified but may be used in the future.
8. Non-commercial water washing operations (less than 2,250 barrels/year) and drum crushing operations of empty barrels less than or equal to 55 gallons with less than 3 percent by volume of residual material. None identified but may be used in the future.
9. * Surface coating operations which do not exceed a combined total usage of more than 60 gallons/month of coatings, thinners, and clean-up solvents at any one emissions unit. None identified but may be used in the future.
10. Exhaust systems for chemical, paint, and/or solvent storage rooms or cabinets, including hazardous waste satellite (accumulation) areas. None identified but may be used in the future.
11. Hand wiping and spraying of solvents from containers with less than 1 liter capacity used for spot cleaning and/or degreasing in ozone attainment areas. None identified but may be used in the future.
12. * Activities having the potential to emit no more than 5.0 TPY (actual) of any criteria pollutant. There is a commercial waste oil burner, which has less than 5 TPY emissions.
SECTION IV. OKLAHOMA AIR QUALITY RULES
OAC 252:100-1 (General Provisions) [Applicable]
Subchapter 1 includes definitions but there are no regulatory requirements.
OAC 252:100-2 (Incorporation by Reference) [Applicable]
This subchapter incorporates by reference applicable provisions of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations listed in OAC 252:100, Appendix Q. These requirements are addressed in the “Federal Regulations” section.
OAC 252:100-3 (Air Quality Standards and Increments) [Applicable]
Subchapter 3 enumerates the primary and secondary ambient air quality standards and the significant deterioration increments. At this time, all of Oklahoma is in “attainment” of these standards.
OAC 252:100-5 (Registration, Emissions Inventory and Annual Operating Fees) [Applicable]
Subchapter 5 requires sources of air contaminants to register with Air Quality, file emission inventories annually, and pay annual operating fees based upon total annual emissions of regulated pollutants. Required annual information (Turn-Around Document) shall be provided to Air Quality.
OAC 252:100-8 (Permits for Part 70 Sources) [Applicable]
Part 5 includes the general administrative requirements for part 70 permits. Any planned changes in the operation of the facility which result in emissions not authorized in the permit and which exceed the “Insignificant Activities” or “Trivial Activities” thresholds require prior notification to AQD and may require a permit modification. Insignificant activities mean individual emission units that either are on the list in Appendix I (OAC 252:100) or whose actual calendar year emissions do not exceed the following limits:
· 5 TPY of any one criteria pollutant
· 2 TPY of any one hazardous air pollutant (HAP) or 5 TPY of multiple HAPs or 20% of any threshold less than 10 TPY for a single HAP that the EPA may establish by rule
The facility is classified as a Part 70 source as specified in NSPS Subpart WWW since the design capacity of the landfill is greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters. As such, a Title V (Part 70) operating permit is required.
OAC 252:100-9 (Excess Emissions Reporting Requirements) [Applicable]
In the event of any release that results in excess emissions, the owner or operator of such facility shall notify the Air Quality Division as soon as the owner or operator of the facility has knowledge of such emissions, but no later than 4:30 p.m. the next working day. Within ten (10) working days after the immediate notice is given, the owner or operator shall submit a written report describing the extent of the excess emissions and response actions taken by the facility. In addition, if the owner or operator wishes to be considered for the exemption established in 252:100-9-3.3, a Demonstration of Cause must be submitted within 30 calendar days after the occurrence has ended.
OAC 252:100-13 (Open Burning) [Applicable]
Open burning of refuse and other combustible material is prohibited except as authorized in the specific examples and under the conditions listed in this subchapter.
OAC 252:100-25 (Visible Emissions and Particulates) [Applicable]
No discharge of greater than 20% opacity is allowed except for short-term occurrences which consist of not more than one six-minute period in any consecutive 60 minutes, not to exceed three such periods in any consecutive 24 hours. In no case shall the average of any six-minute period exceed 60% opacity.
OAC 252:100-29 (Fugitive Dust) [Applicable]
No person shall cause or permit the discharge of any visible fugitive dust emissions beyond the property line on which the emissions originate in such a manner as to damage or to interfere with the use of adjacent properties, or cause air quality standards to be exceeded, or interfere with the maintenance of air quality standards. Fugitive dust emissions from traffic on paved and unpaved roads are controlled using water spray with 90% control efficiency. The permittee will be required to take reasonable precautions to minimize fugitive dust.
OAC 252:100-31 (Sulfur Compounds) [Applicable]
Part 5 limits sulfur dioxide emissions from new fuel-burning equipment (constructed after July 1, 1972). For liquid fuels the limit is 0.8 lb/MMBTU heat input averaged over 3 hours. The Waste Oil Burner is rated at 0.25 MMBTU heat input and emissions of 0.03 lb/hr which equates to 0.14 lb/MMBTU. The facility is in compliance with this part.
OAC 252:100-37 (Volatile Organic Compounds) [Not Applicable]
Part 3 requires storage tanks constructed after December 28, 1974, with a capacity of 400 gallons or more and storing a VOC with a vapor pressure greater than 1.5 psia to be equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe or with an organic vapor recovery system. There are no tanks storing organic materials with a vapor pressure greater than 1.5 psia.
Part 5 limits the VOC content of coatings used in coating lines or operations. This facility will not normally conduct coating or painting operations except for routine maintenance of the facility and equipment, which is exempt.