UNIT 6- Imperialism/ WWI
I. Imperialism
A. Defined: political, military &/ or economic domination by strong nations over
weaker ones.
B. Late 1800’s: US adopts a policy of imperialism
C. Reasons
1. need for new markets and materials
2. the racial belief in Anglo-Saxon superiority
3. a call for a strong navy to protect American business interests
4. nationalism
II. America’s first steps toward World Power (pg. 588)
1. Alaska, 1867
2. Midway Islands, 1862
3. Japan opened up to trade by Commodore Perry
4. Hawaii, 1898
5. US develops more business with Latin America
III. The Spanish American War (1898) (pg. 592-598)
Spain v. United States
A. Causes
1. USS Maine explodes in Havana Harbor
2. Yellow Journalism (Yellow Press)
3. Cubans rebel against Spanish rule because of brutal tactics by the Spanish
4. The DeLome Letter
B. Events
1. Teddy Roosevelt, aided by the 9th and 10th Calvary units, led the Rough
Riders to victory at San Juan Hill
2. US Marines capture Guantanamo Bay Cuba
3. US Navy destroys the Spanish fleet as it attempts to break out from Santiago
harbor
4. Commodore Dewey destroys the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
5. Filipino General Emilio Aguinaldo defeats the Spanish Army
C. Results
1. US Pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines
2. Treaty of Paris of 1898
3. Spain gives the US control of Cuba, Puerto Rico and Guam
Why was the Spanish American war called “a splendid little war”?
· Quick war, few casualties, and big rewards
IV. Annexation of the Philippines (p. 599)
· US helps the Filipinos break away from Spanish rule
· US then takes over (annex’s) the Philippines
· Emilio Aquinaldo leads the rebellion against the US because he believed the Filipino people had a right to self-government
· US captures Aquinaldo, the rebellion is over
· US has control of the Philippines until 1946 when the US granted them independence
V. Arguments Against Imperialism
A. It violated (went against) basic American principles and beliefs:
Freedom, self-government, equality, liberty
VI. US involvement in Latin America (pg. 604-611)
A. President T. Roosevelt’s foreign policy-
Big Stick Diplomacy: the US would use its Navy to achieve its foreign policy goals
1. Panama Canal- Pres. Roosevelt sent the Navy to the Coast of Panama to support the
Panamanian Rebellion from Colombia. In return, Panama granted the US the Canal
Zone.
2. Roosevelt Corollary: the US would be the police force of the Western Hemisphere
B. President Taft’s foreign policy-
Dollar Diplomacy: the US would increase investment in businesses and banks in Latin
America
C. President Wilson’s foreign policy-
Moral Diplomacy: Promote human rights, opportunity and integrity when dealing with
foreign countries (treat them with respect)
Roosevelt Taft Wilson
VII. The Great War (WWI)
A. MAIN Causes of the Great War (WWI)
1. Militarism
2. Alliances
Triple Entente Triple Alliance
France Germany
Great Britain Italy
Russia Austria-Hungary
3. Imperialism
4. Nationalism
B. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated by Serbian
terrorists
C. WWI begins 1914
Allies / Central Powers(Centrally located in Europe) / Not Involved
Russia
France
Great Britain
Italy
Serbia / Germany
Austria-Hungary
Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
Bulgaria / US
D. New weapons and technology
1. machine gun
2. u-boat
3. airplane
4. tanks
5. poison gas
E. The war becomes a stalemate because of trench warfare
F. US Position at the start of the war: Neutral
Why did the US get involved?
1. Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare
2. Zimmerman Telegram: sent from Germany to Mexico purposing an alliance
between them.
G. US enters the War: April 1917
Allies / Central Powers(Centrally located in Europe) / Not Involved
France
Great Britain
Italy
US / Germany
Austria-Hungary
Turkey
Bulgaria / Russia (1917 the Russian Revolution began)
USSR (1922 Russia becomes the Soviet Union)
H. Wilson’s Peace Plan: 14 points: post-war plan to maintain world peace
“Peace without victory”
1. The war ends 11-11-1918
2. Treaty of Versailles
3. GB and Fr. want to punish Germany in the treaty
4. US never approves the peace treaty b/c our Senate opposed the League of Nations
Museum Project – Domestic Impact and Key Developments after WWI
A. GREAT MIGRATION
1. What was the Great Migration? The movement of African Americans in the 20th century from the south to the north.
2. List 3 reasons why African Americans left the South? Jim Crow segregation laws, lynching, low paying jobs.
3. How many African Americans moved to the North between 1910 and 1920? 1.2 million
4. What cities and areas did they move to? NewYork, Detroit, Chicago
B. ESPIONAGE ACT
6. What did the Espionage Act allow the government to do? Enact severe penalties on anyone engaged in disloyal or treasonable activities
7. What were the penalties associated with this act? $10,000 fine, 20 years in prison
8. What famous socialist leader was imprisoned under the Sedition Act? Eugene V. Debs
9. What was his crime and what was his sentence? Gave an anti-war speech; 10 years in federal prison
C. 18TH AND 19TH AMENDMENTS
11. What did the 18th and 19th amendments do? Prohibition and women’s suffrage
12. How did WWI impact the temperance movement? Increased support for the temperance movement because soldiers needed bread and alcohol was made from corn, wheat and barley
13. According to the “wets”, what would prohibition increase? crime
14. How did WWI impact woman’s suffrage? Women took on the jobs of the men who went to war changing the stereotype that women aren’t capable of making decisions
D. RED SCARE
16. Define Red Scare: fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life.
17. What caused it? The Communist (Bolshevik) Revolution in Russia
18. What nation became communist in 1922? Russia
19. Why were immigrants targeted during the Palmer raids? Because of the belief that foreigners brought communist ideas to the U.S.
E. HENRY FORD
21. Describe Ford’s assembly line used to produce cars: workers added parts to cars as the assembly line moved a car along; reduced the time it took to build a car
22. What percent of Americans owned automobiles in 1919? 10%
In 1927? 56%
23. How did Ford help the idea of the weekend? Gave his workers Saturday and Sunday off.
24. List 4 ways the automotive industry changed America: road construction boomed; better paying jobs; people did not need to live near their houses (suburban communities developed); promoted a new sense of freedom in the people.
F. RADIO AND THE MOVIES
26. Why were the first movies ideal for immigrants who spoke little English? The first movies were silent movies so you didn’t need to speak the language to understand the movie.
27. How did The Jazz Singer in 1927 change motion picture history? First movie with sound
28. What did the phonograph and radio help produce? A national culture
29. How did radio impact the coverage of distant events? Radios brought distant events to millions of homes
G. JAZZ
31. In what areas and city did Jazz music emerge? South and Midwest; New Orleans
32. Who was the unofficial ambassador of Jazz? Louis Armstrong
What instrument did he play? trumpet
33. What innovations helped spread the popularity of Jazz? Phonographs and radio
34. Which culture is associated with the development of Jazz? African American
H. HARLEM RENAISSANCE
36. What was the Harlem Renaissance? Period in the 1920s which celebrated African American culture
37. Who was the most powerful African American literary voice of the time? Langston Hughes
38. What themes did he and other writers explore? The pain and joy of being black in America
39. Moreover, Zora Neale Hurston wrote about another theme in her 1937 novel.
What was her theme? Longing for independence for women
I. TIN PAN ALLEY AND IRVING BERLIN
41. What was “Tin Pan Alley”? nickname given to the street where many music publishers worked
42. What city was it located in? New York
43. Who was Irving Berlin? Music composer
What type of music influenced him? jazz
44. What famous song did Irving Berlin write? God Bless America