1. What is the type of reproduction carried out in the structure illustrated here?
  2. Sexual reproduction
  3. Asexual reproduction
  4. Bisexual reproduction
  5. Heterosexual reproduction
  1. What is the structure that is being pointed at?
  2. Spermatocyte
  3. Antheridium
  4. Zygote
  5. Archegonium

  1. What is the structure shown here?
  2. Gametangium
  3. Gamete
  4. Sporangium
  5. Archegonium

  1. What is the ploidy level and stage of the structures illustrated?
  2. 1: haploid, gametophyte; 2: diploid, sporophyte
  3. 1: diploid, sporophyte; 2: haploid, gametophyte
  4. 1: Haploid, sporophyte; 2: diploid, gametophyte
  5. 1: Diploid, gametophyte; 2: haploid, sporophyte

  1. What do the megaspores illustrated in this strobilus become?
  2. Spores
  3. Female sporophytes
  4. Male sporophytes
  5. Female gametophytes

  1. The indicated structures are called:
  2. Antheridia
  3. Sori
  4. Archegonia
  5. Sporangia

  1. What does this structure contain?
  2. Male gametes
  3. Female gametes
  4. Both male and female gametes
  5. Neither male nor female gametes

  1. What are the structures indicated?
  2. Pollen grains
  3. Female gametes
  4. Microsporocytes
  5. Microspores
  1. What is the structure indicated?
  2. Ovary
  3. Ovule
  4. Pollen grains
  5. Female microspore
  6. What are pollen grains?
  7. Mature male sporophytes
  8. Mature male gametophytes
  9. Immature male gametophytes
  10. 2N
  11. In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges?
  12. Lessavailable CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans
  13. Desiccation
  14. Lack of structural support
  15. Both b and c
  16. Plants undergo alternation of generations in which ______.
  17. The sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation
  18. The vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generation
  19. Male plants alternate with female plants
  20. Antheridia alternate with archegonia
  21. ______protect(s) pollen grains from environmental damage.
  22. Sporopollenin
  23. Lignin
  24. Cuticles
  25. Stomata
  26. The gametophyte state of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in ______.
  27. Ferns
  28. Mosses
  29. Horsetails
  30. Seed plants
  31. Which of the following produce eggs and sperm?
  32. Megaphylls
  33. Fern sporophytes
  34. Moss gametophytes
  35. Megaspores
  36. Moss sporangia
  37. Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) ______and down the neck of a(n) ______.
  38. Antheridium; sporangium
  39. Antheridium; archegonium
  40. Archegonium; antheridium
  41. Sporangium; archegonium
  42. How are gametes produced in plants?
  43. By mitosis of gametophyte cells
  44. By meiosis of gametophyte cells
  45. By meiosis of sporophyte cells
  46. By mitosis of spores
  47. By meiosis of spores
  48. Ferns and mosses are limited mostly to most environments because ______.
  49. They lack cuticles and stomata
  50. They lack vascular tissue
  51. They have swimming sperm
  52. Their seeds do not store water
  53. The dots on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?
  54. It is a spore
  55. It is a gamete
  56. It is a sporophyte
  57. It is a gametophyte
  58. Heterosporous plants produce ______.
  59. Megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes
  60. Megaspores that develop into male gametophytes and microspores that develop into female gametophytes
  61. Megaspores that bear antheridia and microspores that bear archegonia
  62. Spores that produce both archegonia and antheridia
  63. Sori can be found in which of the following?
  64. Mosses
  65. Pterophytes
  66. Lycophytes
  67. Charophyceans
  68. Which of the following adaptations is common to all seed plants?
  69. Reduced gametophytes
  70. Pollen
  71. Ovules
  72. All of the above
  73. Which one of the following is true of seed plants, but not true of seedless plants?
  74. The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte
  75. The sporophyte is large, and the gametophyte is small and independent
  76. The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte
  77. A film of water is necessary for sperm to come in contact with eggs
  78. The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into ______.
  79. Seeds
  80. Gametophytes
  81. Fruit
  82. Ovaries
  83. What gymnosperm phylum is characterized by large cones and fern-like leaves?
  84. Anthophyta
  85. Gnetophyta
  86. Coniferophyta
  87. Cycadophyta
  88. What is located in the scalelike structures packed densely in pollen cones?
  89. Sporophyte
  90. Sporangia
  91. Megasporocytes
  92. Developing pollen tubes
  93. Each pollen grain of a gymnosperm contains a ______.
  94. Male gametophyte
  95. Microsporocyte
  96. Megasporocyte
  97. Fertilized ovule
  98. In ovulate cones megasporocytes undergo _____ and produce _____ megaspores
  99. Mitosis; diploid
  100. Meiosis; diploid
  101. Mitosis; haploid
  102. Meiosis; haploid
  103. Which types of angiosperms would most likely be wind-pollinated rather than animal-pollinated?
  104. Oak and maple trees
  105. Roses and tiger lilies
  106. None of the choices are correct. Plants with flowers are not wind-pollinated
  107. The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the ______.
  108. Filament
  109. Ovary
  110. Stigma
  111. Style
  112. A pea pod is formed from ______. A pea inside the pod is formed from ______.
  113. An ovule; a carpel
  114. An ovary; an ovule
  115. An ovary; a pollen grain
  116. Endosperm; an ovary
  117. The pollen tube releases two sperm cells into the embryo sac. The result of this is the ______.
  118. Union of the two sperm nuclei; forming a zygote
  119. Union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus while the other sperm nucleus unites with two nuclei of another megagametophyte cell, forming a triploid nucleus
  120. Union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus and the disintegration of the other sperm nuclei.
  121. Fusion of both sperm nuclei with the egg nucleus and the formation of a triploid zygote
  122. The triploid nucleus of the embryo sac develops into the ______.
  123. Endosperm
  124. Fruit
  125. Carpel
  126. Seed
  127. Which of the following characterizes eudicots
  128. Pollen grains with three openings, floral parts in multiples of three, netlike veins
  129. Two cotyledons, netlike veins, taproot usually present
  130. Scattered vascular bundles, netlike veins, floral parts in multiples of five
  131. Leaves with parallel veins, taproot usually present, vascular bundles arranged in rings.