Chapter 2: Student Review Questions
1. Keysers et al. (2005) found that the ______was active when primates had a gap in between pictures that they were viewing. The researchers surmised that this might be the "site" of iconic memory, in which visual information is retained even after the initial stimulus has disappeared.
a. primary visual cortex
b. lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
c. superior temporal sulcus
d. inferior temporal sulcus
2. The student studied by Chase and Ericsson was able to remember up to 80 digits by grouping numbers into meaningful ______, such as running times, ages, or historical dates.
a. icons
b. chunks
c. control processes
d. trigrams
3. Waugh and Norman (1965) varied both the retention interval and number of intervening items between a probe and the to-be-remembered item. Which factor did they find significantly impacted correct recall?
a. NEITHER retention interval nor number of intervening items
b. Retention interval
c. Number of intervening items
d. BOTH retention interval AND number of intervening items
4. Solso and Short (1979) conducted an experiment in which people were presented with a color stimulus (e.g., green Xs) and then timed on their response to whether a second color stimulus (green Xs), or a color name (GREEN), or a color associate (GRASS) was related to the original color stimulus. Based on RT results, one might conclude that the code of the short-term store for visually presented material starts out ______, then becomes ______, then activates ______information.
a. visual; verbal; semantic
b. echoic; semantic; visual
c. verbal; visual; semantic
d. identical; grammatical; semantic
5. Which control process is being used when a person strings a set of words together into a coherent story, thereby expanding on the words in a meaningful way?
a. Rehearsal
b. Organization
c. Elaboration
d. Use of retrieval cues
6. In the serial position curve, the recency effect is thought to be due to:
a. less fatigue after hearing the items at the beginning of a list.
b. more processing of the first few items in a list .
c. having more recently heard those items when listening to words in a memory test .
d. experimenters tend to emphasize those items more (e.g., with more emphasis when reading them).
7. What is the best definition of metamemory?
a. The strategies used to maintain information in a short-term store and transmit the information to long-term store
b. Children’s inability to use memory strategies unless instructed to do so
c. The tendency to group items together in a meaningful way in order to better remember them
d. One’s knowledge of one’s own memory processes
8. Imagine that you were trying to remember the names of the artists who painted abstract paintings that you saw on a recent trip to a museum. Which of the following tasks would be most likely to interrupt your memory for the artists’ names?
a. Listening to music without lyrics
b. Listening to music with lyrics
c. Viewing shapes on a computer screen
d. Running in place
9. Smith and Jonides (1997) presented people with stimuli (e.g., verbal stimuli-letters visual stimuli-shapes, or spatial stimuli-locations), and measured brain activity with a PET scan as they kept the information in mind for 3 seconds. Which parts of the brain were active as people kept shapes in memory?
a. Left frontal area and left parietal regions
b. Right occipital and right parietal regions
c. Prefrontal cortex
d. Inferior temporal and premotor regions
10. If a person suffers a brain trauma after a car accident, and loses her memory for the five years prior to the accident, she would be said to have:
a. anterograde amnesia.
b. retrograde amnesia.
c. agnosia.
d. classical conditioning deficit.