Table 1E. Prevalence of Autistic Disorder and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Table 1E. Prevalence of Autistic Disorder and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange
(yrs) / N / M/Fa
for ASD / Prevalence rates/1000b
ADc / Other
ASDd / Total
ASDe
I / 10 / Iceland / 1998 / 5-14 / 43153 / 4.2 / 0.9 / 0.5 / 1.3
I / 9 / Japan / 1997 / 6 / 732437 / 2.5 / 4.1
I / 5 / UK: England / 1992 / <5 / 16235 / (15.7) / 3.1 / 2.7 / 5.8
I / 7 / UK: England / 1998-1999 / 2.5-6.5 / 15500 / (3.8) / 1.7 / 4.6 / 6.3
I / 8 / UK / 1999 / 5-15 / 10438 / (4.8) / ― / ― / 2.6
I / 11 / UK: Wales / 1992 / 3-15 / 88000 / (7.0) / 0.7 / ― / ―
I / 6 / USA: New Jersey / 1998 / 3-10 / 17792 / (2.7) / 4 / 2.7 / 6.7
II / 16 / Finland / 1996 / 3-18 / 653464 / (3.1) / 0.6 / 0.8 / 1.4
II / 13 / France / 1992-93 / 6-16 / 325347 / (1.8) / 0.5 / 1.1 / 1.6
II / 14 / Sweden / 1992 / 6.7-7.7 / 826 / 8.5 / 6 / 6 / 12
II / 15 / UK: England / 2001 / 4-15 / 75000 / (5.3) / ― / ― / 4
II / 17 / UK: England / 2000 / 5-14 / 186206 / (4.9) / 1.5 / 1.1 / 2.6
II / 12 / USA: California / 1999 / ___ / 3551306 / 4.3 / 1.2 / ― / ―
II / 18 / USA: Atlanta / 2003 / 3-10 / 289456 / (4.0) / ― / ― / 3.4

a Rate ratio of males to females or (ratio of male cases to female cases).

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

cAutistic disorder.

dOther autistic spectrum disorders.

eAll autistic spectrum disorders, including autistic disorder.

Table 2aE. Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / N / AgeRange
(yrs) / M/Fa / Prevalence rates/1000b
I / 27 / Denmark / 1987-1990 / ― / 4-5 / ― / 2.4
I / 31 / Europe: 13 centers / 1980-1990 / 2,262,981 / ≥2 / 1.3 / 2.1
I / 30 / Malta / 1994-1996 / 55,200 / 3.5-13.5 / ― / 2.4
I / 25 / Sweden / 1998 / 113,724 / 4-7 / 1.3 / 2.1
I / 26 / Sweden / 1994 / 91,542 / 4-7 / ― / 2.4
I / 24 / Sweden / 1998 / 68,366 / 4-7 / 1.1 / 2.4
I / 28 / UK: Northern Ireland / 2000 / ― / 5-15 / ― / 2.2
1 / 29 / UK: Northeast England / 1989-1993 / 47,691 / 4-10 / ― / 2.5
I / 32 / USA: Atlanta / 1986-1991 / 221,500 / 3-10 / ― / 2.0
II / 34 / Italy: / 1996 / 334,589 / 6-30 / 1.1 / 1.8
II / 36 / Canada / 1993-96 / 96,359 / 2-3 / ― / 2.6
II / 38 / Netherlands / 1995-1997 / 172,000 / 7-11 / ― / 2.4
II / 37 / UK: Yorkshire / 1990-1992 / 17,564 / 5 / ― / 3.2
II / 35 / USA: California / 1986-1988 / 155,828 / 0-3 / ― / 1.2
II / 33 / USA: Atlanta / 1985-1987 / 89,534 / 10 / 1.3 / 2.3

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

c Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE).

Table 2bE. Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy by Birth Weight or Gestational Age

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / Birth Year(s) / Birth Weight / N
(Total population) / Prevalence rates/1000a
(Gest. Age)
I / 36 / Canada: Alberta / 1992-93 / 1990 / 500-1249 / 241 c / 67
I / 27 / Denmark: Eastern / 1991-1995 / 1987-1990 / (<31 weeks) / 84
(31-36 weeks) / 11
(All preterm) / 19
(All term) / 1.5
I / 31 / Europe: 8 Centers / 1999 / 1980-1990 / <1500 / 5,689c / 73
1500-2499 / 11
≥2500 / 1.3
I / 25 / Sweden: Jönköping / 1998 / 1991-1994 / <1000 / 269 / 85.5
1000-1499 / 695 / 60.4
1500-2499 / 5,500 / 6.2
>2500 / 107,260 c / 1.3
I / 26 / Sweden: Jönköping / 1994 / 1987-1990 / <1000 / 80.3
1000-1499 / 53.5
1500-2499 / 7.8
>2500 / 91,542 c / 1.4
I / 24 / Sweden: Southern / 1998 / 1990-1993 / <1000 / 50
1000-1499 / 40.6
1500-2499 / 7.4
≥2500 / 65,514 c / 1.4
I / 29 / UK: Northern England / 1997 / 1989-1993 / <1500 / 350 / 80
1500-2499 / 2,795 / 11.8
≥2500 / 49,546 c / 1.3
I / 40 / UK and Ireland / 2000-2002 / 1995 / (≤ 25 weeks) / 241 d / 130
I / 32 / USA: Atlanta / 1990-94 / 1986-1991 / <1500 / 60
1500-2499 / 6.2
≥2500 / 1.1
II / 41 / Switzerland: Zürich / 1994-1996 / 1992-1994 / <1250 / 146 c / 185
II / 42 / USA: San Francisco / 2003-2004 / 2000-2002 / <1500 / 1,551 c / 28

a Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range surveyed.

b Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE).

c Live births

d N assessed at 6 years

Table 3E. Prevalence of Tourette Syndrome

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange
(yrs) / N / M/Fa / Prevalence rates/1000b / Notes
II / 56 / Israel / 1991-1992 / 16-17 / 28,037 / 1.6 / 0.4 / c
II / 54 / Sweden / 1996 / 11 / 435 / 3.4 / 11.0 / d
II / 53 / Sweden / 2000 / 7-15 / 4,479 / 9 / 6.0 / d
II / 55 / USA: N. Carolina / 1996 / 9, 11, and 13 / 4,500 / 1.9 / 1.00 / c
III / 54 / Sweden / 1998 / 5-15 / 38,586 / 6.3 / 1.50 / d
III / 57 / UK: West Essex / 2000 / 13-14 / 918 / 1.3 / 18.5 / c
III / 58 / USA: Los Angeles / 1986-1988 / Grades K-8 / 3,034 / 15.3 / 5 / c
III / 59 / USA: Rochester, NY / 1994-1998 / 8-17 / 1,596 / – / 9.4 / d,e

aRate ratio of males to females.

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

c DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria.

d DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.

e Combined rate for children enrolled in general and special education.

Table 4aE. One-Year Prevalence of Migraine

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / Study age (yrs) / N / M/Fa / Prevalence rates/1000b / Notes
Class I Studies Including Adults
I / 63 / Austria / 2001 / ≥15 / 997 / 0.4 / 104 / c
I / 64 / Canada / 1992 / ≥18 / 2,922 / 0.34 / 140 / c
I / 62 / France / 1994 / ≥18 / 9,411 / 0.44 / 137 / c,e
I / 61 / France / 2000 / all / ― / 50 / d
Germany / 2000 / all / ― / 110 / d
Italy / 2000 / all / ― / 120 / d
UK / 2000 / all / ― / 70 / d
USA / 2000 / all / 5553 / 0.39 / 110 / d
Class II Studies of Children and Adolescents
II / 74 / Norway / 1995-1997 / 13-18 / 8255 / 0.53 / 70
II / 75 / UK: Aberdeen / ― / 5-15 / 2165 / 0.85 / 106 / d
Class II Studies Including Adults
II / 73 / Denmark: Copenhagen / 1989 / 25-64 / 760 / 0.55 / 100 / d
II / 68 / Netherlands / 1995-1996 / 20-65 / 6,491 / 0.30 / 158 / c
II / 70 / Puerto Rico / 2000 / Adult / 1610 / 0.36 / 145 / c
II / 69 / UK: England / 2000 / 16-65 / 4007 / 0.42 / 143 / f
II / 66 / USA: Philadelphia / 1998 / 18-65 / 4,376 / 0.35 / 130 / d
II / 67 / USA / 1999 / ≥12 / 29,727 / 0.36 / 126 / d
II / 72 / USA / 1989 / 12-80 / 20,468 / 0.32 / 121 / d
II / 65 / USA: Kentucky / 1990 / ≥20 / 647 / 0.46 / 89 / c

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.

d Crude rate.

e Three-month prevalence..

f Age adjusted to national population.

Table 4bE. Lifetime Prevalence of Migraine

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange (yrs) / N / M/F a / Prevalence rates/1000 b / Notes
I / 64 / Canada / 1992 / ≥18 / 2,919 / 0.31 / 170 / d
I / 76 / Denmark / 1993 / 40 / 3,471 / 0.49 / 177
I / 77 / Germany / 1993 / ≥18 / 4,061 / 0..47 / 112 / d
I / 71 / USA: Baltimore / 1992-1993 / 20-50 / 753 / ― / 169 / d
II / 73 / Denmark: Copenhagen / 1989 / 25-64 / 760 / .33 / 160 / e
II / 68 / Netherlands / 1995-1996 / 20-65 / 6,491 / 0.30 / 133 / d
II / 65 / USA / 1994 / ≥20 / 647 / 139 / d

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

c Study of women only.

d Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.

e Crude rate.

Table 5aE. Incidence of Epilepsy

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange (yrs) / N / M/Fa / Incidence rates/100000 b / Notes
I / 79 / Estonia / 1995-1997 / ≤19 / 161202 / 1 / 45 / c
I / 80 / Germany / 1999-2000 / ≤15 / 59647 / 1 / 60 / c
I / 82 / Iceland / 1992 / All / 90237 / 1.5 / 48 / d
I / 81 / UK: London / 1996 / All / 100230 / 49 / d
II / 83 / Canada: Nova Scotia / 1977-1985 / 1m to ≤16 / 850000 / 1 / 41 / e
II / 84 / Finland / 1977-1988 / 1m to ≤-2 / 5027 / 0.8 / 65
II / 85 / UK: Britain / 1965-1981 / ≤23 / 17414 / ― / 35 / e
II / 86 / USA: Minnesota / 1935-1984 / All / 2,003,357 / 0.9 / 45 / d
II / 87 / USA: New Mexico / 1996-2001 / All / 0.9 / 71 / e
II / 88 / USA: Texas / 1988-1996 / 0-64 / 3209 / ― / 32 / d

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Annual incidence rates per 100,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to national population. Continue to delete hyphen after age (delete sign looks like hyphen)

d Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.

e Crude rate.

Table 5bE. Prevalence of Epilepsy

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / N / M/Fa / Prevalence rates/1000b / Notes
I / 90 / Estonia / 1997 / 1m-19yrs / 161,202 / 1.2 / 3.6 / c
I / 91 / Estonia / 1997 / >20yrs / 75,245 / 1.3 / 5.3 / c
I / 92 / Finland / 1992 / 0-15yrs / 83,464 / 1.1 / 3.9 / d
I / 93 / Netherlands / 1990-1993 / 55-95 / 5559 / 1.2 / 9.2 / d
I / 94 / Norway / 1995 / 6-12yrs / 38,593 / 1.4 / 5.1 / d
I / 95 / Spain / 1995-1997 / >10yrs / 98,405 / 0.9 / 4.1 / d
II / 96 / Iceland / 1993 / All / 89,656 / 1.2 / 4.9 / e
II / 85 / UK: Britain / 1981 / 23yrs / 17,414 / ― / 6.3 / d
II / 81 / UK: London / 1996 / All / 100,230 / ― / 4 / c
II / 89 / UK / 1980 / 10 y / 14,676 / 2.8 / d
II / 97 / USA: Houston, TX ; Rochester, MN / 1995 / All / 118,817 / ― / 8.9 / e
II / 98 / USA: Minnesota / 1980 / All / 56,447 / 0.9 / 7.1 / e
II / 87 / USA: New Mexico / 1996-2001 / All / 240,000 / ― / 8 / d

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range,

cAge adjusted to national population.

d Crude rate.

e Age adjusted to 2000 U.S. population.

Table 6aE. Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis: Class I Studies Only

Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / N / M/Fa / Incidence rates/100000b / Notes
(yrs)
116 / Finland: Vaasa / 1979-1993 / Oct-70 / 179,079 / ─ / 4 / c
116 / Finland: Seinäjoki / 1979-1993 / Oct-70 / 197,042 / ─ / 8.5 / c
116 / Finland: Uusimaa / 1979-1993 / Oct-70 / 1,277,932 / ─ / 3.8 / c
117 / France: Dijon / 1993-1997 / Oct-60 / 95,616 / 0.54 / 4.3 / d
103 / Greece / 1994-1996 / All / 143,752 / 0.36 / 2.4 / d
104 / Italy: Monreale / 1981-1991 / All / 26,256 / ─ / 3.9 / c
105 / Italy: Monreale / 1992-2000 / All / 27,875 / ─ / 4 / d
106 / Italy: North / 1965-1993 / All / 381,118 / 0.5 / 2.4 / c
107 / Italy: Sardinia / 1993-1997 / All / 467,845 / 0.46 / 4.7 / c
108 / Italy: Sardinia / 1987-1991 / ≥10 / 268,926 / 0.33 / 3.7 / c
109 / Italy: Sardinia, Nuoro / 1990-1995 / All / 273,146 / 0.55 / 6.7 / e
110 / Italy: Sicily, Bagheria / 1990-1994 / All / 50,598 / 0.54 / 4.5 / c
111 / Italy: Sicily, Catania / 1990-1994 / All / 337,964 / 0.71 / 2.3 / c
112 / Malta / 1989-1998 / All / 378,500 / ─ / 0.8 / d
118 / Norway: Nord-Trøndelag / 1994-1998 / All / 127,108 / 0.7 / 5.6 / e
119 / Norway: North / 1989-1992 / All / 222,386 / ─ / 4.3 / d
113 / Spain: Balearic Islands / 1987-1996 / All / 67,009 / 0.54 / 3.4 / d
114 / Spain: Canary Islands / 1995-1998 / All / 81,507 / ─ / 2.3 / d
115 / Spain: Central / 1998check / All / 195,979 / ─ / 3.8 / d
120 / UK: East Anglia / 1989-1991 / All / 288,410 / ─ / 5.9 / d
121 / UK: East Anglia / 1990-1995 / All / 378,959 / ─ / 4.8 / d
122 / UK: Scotland / 1992-1995 / All / 864,300 / ─ / 12 / d
123 / UK: Leeds / 1996-1998 / All / 726,910 / ─ / 4.3 / d
124 / USA: Minnesota / 1985-2000 / All / 109,788 / 0.43 / 7.4 / c

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Annual incidence rates per 100,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.

d Crude rate.

e Age adjusted to national population.

Table 6bE. Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis: Class I Studies Only

Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange (yrs) / N / M/Fa / Prevalence /1000b / Notes
125 / Austria / 1998-1999 / All / 8,078,400 / ─ / 0.98 / c
126 / Belgium / 1991 / All / 250,393 / 0.73 / 0.85 / d
127 / Canada: Westlock Co., Alberta / 1991 / All / 11,510 / 0.73 / 2.27 / d
128 / Canada: Barrhead Co., Alberta / 1991 / All / 9,720 / 0.88 / 2.18 / d
129 / Denmark / 1990 / All / 5,313,577 / ─ / 1.12 / c
130 / Finland: Uusimaa / 1993 / ≥10 / 1,277,932 / 1.9 / 0.93 / c
130 / Finland: Seinajoki / 1993 / ≥10 / 197,042 / 1.7 / 1.88 / c
130 / Finland: Vaasa / 1993 / ≥10 / 179,079 / 2.2 / 1.07 / c
103 / Greece / 1999 / All / 143,752 / ─ / 0.43 / d
104 / Italy / 1991 / All / 26,256 / 0.76 / 0.69 / d
131 / Italy: Central / 1996 / All / 297,838 / 0.54 / 0.56 / e
105 / Italy: Monreale city / 2000 / All / 29,493 / 0.53 / 0.74 / d
106 / Italy: North / 1993 / All / 358,808 / 0.49 / 0.64 / d
132 / Italy: Sardinia / 1998 / All / 272,992 / 0.44 / 1.64 / c
133 / Italy: Sardinia / 1997 / All / 460,135 / 0.4 / 1.42 / c
108 / Italy: Sardinia / 1991 / ≥10 / 268,926 / 0.41 / 1.02 / c
109 / Italy: Sardinia, Nuoro / 1994 / All / 273,146 / 0.37 / 1.49 / f
110 / Italy: Sicily, Bagheria / 1994 / All / 50,598 / 0.68 / 0.49 / c
111 / Italy: Sicily, Catania / 1995 / All / 333,075 / 0.89 / 0.63 / d
112 / Malta / 1999 / All / 378,500 / 0.65 / 0.17 / d
134 / New Zealand / 2001 / All / 171,147 / ─ / 0.49 / d
118 / Norway: Nord-Trøndelag / 2000 / ≥20 / 127,108 / 0.6 / 1.64 / c
119 / Norway: North / 1993 / All / 224,724 / 0.65 / 0.76 / d
113 / Spain: Balearic Islands / 1996 / All / 67,009 / 0.44 / 0.77 / d
114 / Spain: Canary Islands / 1998 / All / 81,507 / 0.37 / 0.42 / c
115 / Spain: Central / 1998 / All / 195,979 / 0.61 / 0.4 / d
135 / Spain: North / 1997 / All / 92,632 / 0.55 / 0.55 / d
136 / Spain: Northeastern / 1995 / 25-64 / 58,591 / 0.48 / 0.61 / e
137 / Spain: Teruel / 1996 / All / 143,680 / 0.59 / 0.37 / d
138 / Spain: Velez-Malaga / 1993 / All / 36,014 / 0.45 / 0.6 / d
139 / Sweden: Northern county / 1990 / 15-75 / 250,134 / 0.54 / 1.24 / d
120 / UK: East Anglia / 1990 / All / 288,410 / 0.41 / 1.37 / d
121 / UK: East Anglia / 1993 / All / 378,959 / ─ / 1.2 / d
101 / UK: Northern Ireland / 1996 / All / 151,000 / 0.45 / 1.68 / c
122 / UK: Scotland / 1995 / All / 864,300 / 0.44 / 1.84 / d
123 / UK: Leeds / 1999 / All / 728,840 / ─ / 0.93 / c
140 / UK: Scotland / 1996 / ≥15 / 395,600 / 0.38 / 1.84 / f
124 / USA: Minnesota / 2000 / All / 123,386 / 0.46 / 1.81 / d
141 / USA: Minnesota / 1991 / All / 100,000 / 0.33 / 1.68 / f

a Rate ratio of males to females

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

c Crude rate.

d Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.

e Age adjusted to European standard population.

f Age adjusted to national population.

Table 7aE. Incidence of Stroke

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange (yrs) / N / M/Fa / % Hemor-rhagic / Incidence /100000b / Notes
Studies Excluding Older Ages
I / 142 / Israel / 1992-93 / 17-49 / 2,441,900 / 1.7 / 18 / 10 / c
II / 153 / Italy: Central L'Aquila / 1994-98 / 0-44 / 174,875 / ─ / 43 / 11 / d
II / 154 / USA: California / 1991-2000 / 0-19 / 9,907,432 / 1.3 / 49 / 2.3 / d
II / 155 / USA: Cincinnati ,OH / 1988-89 / 0-15 / 295,577 / 1.3 / 56 / 2.7 / d
II / Jacobs BS, et al, 2002 / USA: New York, NY / 1993-97 / 20-44 / 80,400 / 1.2 / 55 / 23 / c
Studies Including All Ages
I / 143 / Australia: Melbourne / 1996-97 / All / 133,816 / 0.9 / 19 / 183 / e
I / 144 / Germany: Bavaria / 1994-96 / All / 101,450 / 1.2 / 17 / 157 / e
I / 145 / Italy: L'Aquila / 1994 / All / 297,838 / 1 / 18 / 209 / e
I / 146 / Italy: Belluno / 1992-93 / All / 211,389 / 0.8 / 22 / 203 / e
I / 147 / Italy: Vittoria / 1991 / All / 58,833 / 1 / 15 / 214 / e
I / 148 / Japan: Okinawa / 1990 / All / 1,222,398 / 1.7 / 48 / 118 / e
I / 149 / Sweden / 1987-90 / All / 29,686 / 0.8 / ─ / 319 / c
II / 156 / Italy: Sicily / 1984-87 / All / 27,472 / 0.8 / ─ / 197 / e
II / 157 / Italy: Umbria / 1986-89 / All / 49,218 / 1 / 14 / 181 / e
II / 158 / Japan: Akita / 1997-1998 / All / 1,227,049 / 1.6 / 40 / 137 / e
II / 159 / UK: Oxford / 1981-86 / All / 105,000 / ─ / 15 / 187 / e
II / 160 / USA: RochesterMN / 1980-84 / All / 57,890 / 1.5 / 19 / 135 / d
II / 161 / USA: RochesterMN / 1985-89 / All / 70,745 / 1.4 / 15 / 182 / e
StudiesiIncluding Older Ages and Excluding Younger Ages
I / 150 / Greece: Arcadia / 1993-95 / ≥18 / 80,774 / 1.3 / 17 / 228 / e
I / 151 / Norway: Innherred / 1994-96 / ≥15 / 69,295 / 0.8 / 13 / 264 / e
I / 152 / USA: four communities / 1987-95 / 45-72 / 15,792 / 1.2 / 17 / 244 / d
II / 162 / Japan / 1989-93 / ≥35 / 29,674 / 1.6 / 34 / 122 / c
II / 163 / USA: national sample / 1995 / ≥25 / 53,256,000 / 0.9 / 14 / 267 / e,f
II / 164 / USA: national sample / 1982-1992 / 35-74 / 7,637 / ─ / ─ / 387 / c
II / 165 / Western Europe: seven localities / 1982-1994 / 35-64 / 1,093,249 / ─ / ─ / 143 / d, f,g

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Annual incidence per 100,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to national population.

d Crude rate.

e Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.

f Includes recurrent strokes.

g Recalculated, based on data restricted to Denmark (Glostrup), Finland (Kuopio, North Karelia, and Turku/Loimaa), Italy (Friuti), and Sweden (Gothenburg and Northern Sweden).

Table 7bE. Incidence of Stroke by Race or Ethnicity: United States

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / Incidence rates/100000a by Race or Ethnicity / Notes
(yrs) / N / Black / White / Hispanic
I / 167 / Cincinnati, OH , / 1993-94 / All / 1,300,000 / 398 / 212 / ─ / c
I / 168 / Texas / 2000-2002 / ≥44 / 95,840 / ─ / 453 / 560 / b
I / 152 / Four U.S. communities / 1987-95 / 45-72 / 15,792 / 445 / 172 / ─ / c
I / 166 / Northern Manhattan, New York, NY / 1993-96 / ≥20 / 142,925 / 223 / 93 / 196
II / 155 / Cincinnati, OH / 1988-89 / <15 / 295,577 / 3 / 2.7 / ─ / b
II / 164 / National sample / 1982-92 / 35-74 / 7,637 / 574 / 335 / ─ / c
II / 154 / California / 1991-2000 / <20 / 8,770,175 / 4.2 / 2 / 1.5 / b
II / 165b / Baltimore, MD / 1988 / 15-44 / 660,789 / 31 / 14 / ─ / b
II / 165a / Northern Manhattan, New York, NY / 1993-97 / 20-44 / 80,400 / 25 / 10 / 26

a Annual incidence per 100,000 population within age range.

b Crude rate.

c Age adjusted to national population.

Table 7cE. Prevalence of Stroke

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange (yrs) / N / Prevalence rates/1000a / Notes
I / 171 / Italy: Tuscany / 2001 / ≥65 / 2,390 / 65.0 / b
II / 161 / USA: Rochester, MN / 1985-89 / All / 70,745 / 10.0 / c
II / 170 / USA: national survey / 1988-94 / 25-74 / 14,174 / 18.7 / d

a Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

b Crude rate.

c Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population. d Age adjusted to national population.

Table 8E. Incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury-related Hospitalizations and Deaths: United States

Class / Referemce # / Location / Study Years / AgeRange / N / M/Fa / Incidence rates/100000b / Notes
(US States) / (yrs)
I / 173 / Colorado / 1991-1992 / All / 3,414,433 / 2.3 / 101 / c
I / 174 / Minnesota / 1993 / 0-19 / 1,337,669 / ─ / 74 / d
I / 175 / Utah / 1990-1992 / All / 1,770,581 / 2.1 / 105 / e
I / 176 / Colorado, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Utah / 1990-1993 / All / 13,687,477 / 2.1 / 101 / e
I / 177 / Arizona, Colorado, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, New York (excluding New York City), and South Carolina / 1994 / All / 35,386,342 / 2.1 / 91 / e
I / 178 / Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Utah / 1997 / All / 90,500,000 / 1.9 / 70 / c,f

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Annual incidence rate per 100,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to 1980 U.S. population.

d Crude rate

e Age adjusted to 2000 U.S. population.

f Live hospital discharges only.

Table 9E. Incidence of Spinal Cord Injury-related Hospitalizations and Deaths: North America

Class / Reference # / Locality / Study Years / AgeRange
(yrs) / N / M/Fa / Incidence rates/100000b / Notes
I / 183 / Canada: Alberta / 1997-2000 / All / 2,800,000 / 2.5 / 5.1 / c,d
I / 184 / USA: Colorado / 1994 / All / 3654093 / ─ / 4.5 / e
I / 185 / USA: Mississippi / 1992-1994 / All / 2,577,256 / 4.6 / 7.7 / c,f
I / 186 / USA: Utah / 1989-1991 / All / 1,729,736 / 3.2 / 4.5 / c,g
II / 187 / USA: Oklahoma / 1988-1990 / All / 3,147,088 / 4.1 / 3.9 / c

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Annual incidence rates per 100,000 population .

cAge adjusted to 2000 U.S. population.

d Includes 16% of reported cases that were acute deaths without hospital admission.

eCrude rate.

f Includes 23% of reported cases that were acute deaths without hospital admission.

g Includes 9% of reported cases that were acute deaths without hospital admission.

Table 10aE. Incidence of Alzheimer Disease

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / N / M/Fa / Incidence rates/100000 b / Notes
(yrs)
I / 192 / Denmark, France, Netherlands, and UK / 1988-96 / ≥65 / 28,531 / 0.5 / 1203 / c
I / 193 / France: Southwestern / 1988-91 / ≥65 / 2,792 / 1232 / c
I / 194 / Netherlands: Rotterdam / 1993-94 / ≥55 / 7,528 / 1.9 / 1098 / c,d
I / 195 / Netherlands: Rotterdam / 1993-99 / ≥55 / 7,046 / 0.55 / 1080 / c,d
I / 196 / UK: Cambridge / 1988-90 / ≥75 / 1,173 / 0.45 / 2825 / c
I / 197 / USA: Indianapolis, IN / 1990-95 / ≥75 / 0.71 / 1152 / c
I / 198 / USA: Cache County, UT / 1995-2000 / ≥65 / 3,308 / 1005 / f
I / 199 / USA: Chicago, IL / ─ / ≥65 / 3,838 / 3554 / c
II / 200 / UK: Northern London / 1987-90 / ≥65 / 705 / 2187 / c
II / 201 / USA: East Boston, MA / 1986-87 / ≥65 / 1,601 / 2338 / c
II / 202 / USA: Baltimore, MD / 1985-98 / ≥55 / 1,236 / 0.78 / 1431 / c,d
II / 203 / USA: Seattle, WA / 1994-1998? / ≥65 / 2,356 / 0.44 / 1318 / c
II / 204 / USA: Northern Manhattan, New York,NY / 1992-99 / ≥65 / 2,126 / 3068 / c
II / 205 / USA: Rochester, MN / 1985-89 / ≥65 / 14,439 / 1068 / c,d

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Annual incidence rates per 100,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to 2000 U.S. population.

d Rates recalculated to include only persons ≥ 65 years of age.

e Rates recalculated to include only persons ≥ 75 years of age.

f Crude rate.

Table 10bE. Prevalence of Alzheimer Disease

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / N / M/Fa / Prevalence rates/1000b / Notes
(yrs)
I / 206 / Finland / 1998 / ≥75 / 0.23 / 122 / c
I / 207 / Italy: Conselice, Northern / 1999 / ≥65 / 1,353 / 0.15 / 31 / c
I / 208 / Spain: Northeastern / 1993 / ≥65 / 1,134 / 48 / c
I / 209 / Spain: Pamplona / 1991 / ≥70 / 2,368 / 86 / c
I / 198 / USA: Cache Co., UT / 1995 / ≥65 / 4,864 / 40 / d
II / 210 / Italy: Macerata / 1987 / ≥65 / 778 / 0.46 / 46 / c
II / 211 / Sweden: Stockholm / 1987 / ≥70 / 1,810 / 0.22 / 89 / c
II / 212 / USA: Chicago / 1986-87 / ≥65 / 3,838 / 130 / c

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to 2000 U.S. population.

d Crude rate.

Table 11aE: Incidence of Parkinson Disease

Class / Reference # / Country / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / N / M/Fa / Incidence rates/100000b / Notes
(yrs)
I / 215 / Finland: Southwestern / 1992 / All / 196,864 / 2.0 / 15 / c
I / 216 / Netherlands: Rotterdam / 1990-99 / ≥65 / 7,983 / 1. 5 / 243 / d,e
I / 217 / USA: Olmsted Co., MN / 1976-90 / 70-89 / 8,006 / 1.5 / 89 / d,f
II / 218 / Italy: eight localities / 1992-96 / 65-84 / 2,863 / 1. 9 / 332 / d
II / 219 / Spain: Central / 1994-98 / ≥65 / 5,160 / 1.7 / 209 / d
II / 220 / UK: Northampton / 1986-90 / All / 302,500 / 12 / g
II / 221 / USA: North Carolina / 1994-95 / 70-89 / 2,388,019 / 2.0 / 111 / d,f
II / 222 / USA: Northern Manhattan, New York, NY / 1988-91 / ≥65 / 213,302 / 99 / d

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Annual incidence rates per 100,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to national population.

d Age adjusted to 2000 U.S. population.

e Rates recalculated to include only persons ≥ 65 years of age.

f Rates recalculated to include only persons ≥ 70 years of age.

g Crude rate.

Table 11bE. Prevalence of Parkinson Disease

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / N / M/Fa / Prevalence rates/1000b / Notes
(yrs)
I / 223 / Denmark: Faroe Islands / 1995 / 70-84 / 43,709 / 12.0 / c,f
I / 224 / Denmark: Greenland (Inuit) / 2000 / ≥65 / 49,369 / 9.5 / c,f
I / 215 / Finland: Southwestern / 1992 / All / 196,864 / 1.77 / 1.6 / e
I / 225 / Germany: Bavaria / 1992 / ≥65 / 982 / 3.74 / 7.0 / d
I / 226 / Netherlands: Rotterdam / 1990-93 / ≥65 / 6,969 / 0.8 / 21.5 / c,f
I / 227 / Spain: Cantalejo / 1994 / ≥70 / 1,579 / 2.08 / 43.8 / c,g
II / 228 / France: Gironde département / 1988-89 / ≥65 / 3,149 / 1.15 / 13.8 / cf
II / 229 / Italy: Sicily / 1987 / 70-89 / 19,955 / 0.76 / 23.5 / cg
II / 230 / Norway: RogalandCounty / 1993 / ≥65 / 220,858 / 1.33 / 8.1 / c,f
II / 231 / Spain: Lower Aragon / 1992 / ≥70 / 60,724 / 1.27 / 9.2 / cg
II / 220 / UK: Northampton District / 1992 / ≥65 / 302,500 / 1.18 / 7.7 / c,f
II / 222 / USA: Northern Manhattan, New York, NY / 1989 / ≥65 / 213,302 / 1.1 / 7.9 / c,f

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Prevalence per 1,000 population within age range.

c Age adjusted to 2000 U.S. population.

d Crude rate.

e Age adjusted to national population.

f Rates recalculated to include only persons ≥65 years of age.

g Rates recalculated to include only persons ≥70 years of age.

Table 12aE. Incidence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / N / M/Fa / Incidence rates/100000b /

Notes

I / 233 / Estonia: South / 1996 / All / 381,968 / 2.38 / 1.3 / e
I / 234 / France: Limousin / 1994-1995 / All / 718,731 / ― / 2.5 / d
I / 235 / Italy: Ferrara / 1988-1998 / All / 159,949 / 0.88 / 1.3 / e
I / 236 / Italy: Modena / 1990-1999 / All / 612,952 / 0.91 / 2.2 / c
I / 237 / Italy: Northern / 1994-1995 / All / 8,926,284 / ― / 0.8 / c
I / 238 / Italy: Northwestern / 1995-1996 / All / 4,418,503 / 1.26 / 2.3 / d
I / 239 / Italy: Sardinia / 1981-1990 / All / 1,638,172 / 1.80 / 0.7 / e
I / 240 / UK: Scotland / 1989-1998 / All / 5,132,000 / 1.67 / 2.1 / e
I / 241 / US: Rochester, MN / 1952-1991 / All / 50,900 / 1.19 / 2.3 / c
II / 242 / Ireland / 1995-1997 / All / 3,626,087 / 1.43 / 2.1 / c
II / 243 / Italy: Piedmonte / 1981-1990 / All / 3,505,562 / ― / 1.6 / d
II / 244 / Italy: Parma / 1960-1990 / All / 399,442 / 1.26 / 0.8 / e
II / 245 / Italy: Reggio Emilia / 1980-1992 / All / 416,034 / 1.53 / 1.8 / e
II / 246 / Japan: KiiPeninsula / 1989-1993 / All / 1,074,325 / 3.17 / 1.2 / e
II / 247 / Norway: HordalandCounty / 1978-1988 / All / 407,926 / 1.29 / 1.7 / e
II / 248 / Switzerland: Zürich / 1981-1990 / All / 1,130,435 / 1.71 / 0.9 / c
II / 249 / UK: Lancashire & So. Cumbria / 1976-1986 / ≥25 / 1,800,000 / ― / 1.9 / c
II / 250 / UK: Scotland / 1989 / All / 5,090,700 / 1.32 / 1.9 / e
II / 251 / US: HarrisCounty, TX / 1985-1988 / All / 2,937,875 / 1.00 / 1.3 / e

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Annual incidence per 100,000 population within age range.

c Crude rate.

d Age adjusted to national population.

e Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.

f Age adjusted to U.S. 1990 population.

Table 12bE. Prevalence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Class / Reference # / Location / Study Year(s) / AgeRange / N / M/F / Prevalence rates/1000a
I / 236 / Italy: Modena / 1989-1999 / All / 612,952 / 1.04 / 0.04 / c
II / 242 / Ireland / 1995-1997 / All / 3,626,087 / 1.76 / 0.05 / c
II / 244 / Italy: Parma / 1960-1990 / All / 399,442 / ― / 0.03 / c
II / 245 / Italy: Reggio Emilia / 1980-1992 / All / 416,034 / 1.26 / 0.04 / d
II / 247 / Norway: HordalandCounty / 1978-1988 / All / 407,926 / 2.03 / 0.04 / c
II / 248 / Switzerland: Zürich / 1981-1990 / All / 1,130,435 / 2.27 / 0.04 / c
II / 252 / UK: Southeast Wales / 1992-1994 / All / 1,394,400 / 3.3 / 0.03 / c
II / 251 / US: Texas / 1985-1988 / All / 2,937,875 / 1.50 / 0.03 / d

a Rate ratio of males to females.

b Prevalence per 1000 population.

c Crude rate.

d Age adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.