Macromolecules

Std. 2: Knowledge of the structure and function of macromolecules is necessary for an understanding of the biochemistry of cells

Explain the levels of protein structure. Describe the relationship between structure and function of proteins / Explain the role of enzymes as biological catalysts. How do they affect chemical reactions? What affects their function?

List the 4 macromolecules, their monomers & function: a.______:

  • Monomer: ______

Function:

b. ______:

  • Monomer: ______

Function:

c. ______:

  • Monomer: ______

Function:

d. ______:

  • Monomer: ______& ______Function:

What type of macromolecule is an enzyme? ______

What do enzymes do? ______

Label the enzymatic reaction .

a.______b.______c. ______d.______e. ______

Question Analysis
There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?
Hint: relate structure to function: / Some snake venoms are harmful because they contain enzymes that destroy blood cells or tissues. The damage caused by such a snakebite could best be slowed by…
Factors that affect enzyme function:
*
*
Answer: (select best choice)
Apply ice drink water induce vomiting increase blood flow

Macromolecules Study Guide

I. Macromolecules
  • Macromolecules – large organic (carbon based) molecules.
  • Monomers= building blocks; bonded together to form larges complex chain molecules called polymers.
II. Classes of Macromolecules
  • Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.
  • Carbohydrates –
  • Monomers - simple sugars (monosaccharide)
  • Function: carbohydrates supply an easily accessible source of energy (sugar).
  • Exp. = Starch, glycogen & cellulose (plant fibers)
  • Lipids-
  • Monomers- fatty acid and glycerol
  • Functions: – stores energy & makes up cellular (biological) membranes.
  • Exp. – Fats, oils, & steroids
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Monomers – nucleotides
  • Functions– stores & transmit hereditary (genetic) information.
  • Exp. = DNA &RNA
  • Proteins
  • Monomers – amino acids(over 20 amino acids)
  • Protein shape determines function
  • Function – Control rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form muscles and bones, transport, & help fight disease.
  • Exp. = enzymes
III. Chemical Reactions
  • Changes 1set of compounds into another set of compounds.
  • Reactants = compound(s) that start the chemical reaction
  • Products = “new” compound(s) produced at the end
  • Bonds are broken and then reformed.
  • Atoms are NOT created or destroyed, they are rearranged.
IV. Enzymes
  • Activation Energy = “start-up” energy for chemical reactions
  • Enzymes = proteins that function as biological catalysts
  • Speed up rate of chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy.
V. Enzyme Structure
  • active site – place where substrates bind to enzyme
  • Substrates = reactants in an enzyme reaction
  • Enzyme substrate complex = enzyme + substrate
  • Enzyme Function:
  • Affected by temperaturepH → denatures enzyme
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