Chemistry Semester 2 Final Exam

Balance the following equations:

NaOH (aq) + H3PO4 (aq) → Na3PO4 (aq) + H2O (l) Al + Fe2O3→Al2O3 + Fe Pb(NO2)2+ H2S→PbS + HNO2

What do these symbols mean in a chemical equation: s, l, g, aq

Molar Mass:

Substance / Formula / Molar Mass / Mass of given sample / Number of moles / Number of molecules
bromine / Br2 / 40.0 g
carbon dioxide / CO2 / 17.6 g
sucrose / C12H22O11 / 684.0 g
hydrogen peroxide / H2O2 / 510.0 g

Find the volume in liters of 60.0 g of NO₂ at STP. Calculate the volume in liters of 3.24x10^22 molecules. How many atoms in 6.8 L N₂O gas at STP?

Stoichiometry:

1.) When sodium azide is activated in an automobile airbag, nitrogen gas and sodium are produced: 2NaN3(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

If 0.500 mol of NaN3 react, what mass in grams of nitrogen would result?

2.) What mass in grams of SO2 is needed to react completely with 1200.grams of O2? 2SO2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(l) → 2H2SO4(l)

3.) What mass of carbon (with excess water) is required to produce 1.00 mol CH4 in the following? 2C(s) + 2H2O(l) → CH4(g) +CO2(g)

4.) Calculate the number of moles of sodium oxide, Na2O, that will be produced when 5.00 moles of solid sodium completely react with oxygen gas.

5.)Using this reaction:4 NH₃ + 7 O₂ ---> 4 NO₂ + 6 H₂O

a) What mass of NO2 can be produced from 3.56 x 1022 molecules of oxygen?

b) 13.8 g of NH3 would be able to produce how many moles of H2O?

c) How many grams of O2 are needed to produce 15.5 g of H2O?

6.) What volume of sulfur dioxide gas is needed to produce 11.4 L of water vapor? SO₂ + 2H₂S  3S + 2H₂O

Recognize and classify types of reactions

What is STP? What is gas pressure? What causes it?

What are Kelvins? Why is it used? What happens at 0K? Convert Celsius to Kelvins.

How are pressure, temperature, and volume related? Explain the Kinetic Molecular Theory.

Use the Combined Gas Law and Ideal Gas Law to solve:

P₁V₁ = P₂ V₂pV=nRT

T₁ T₂

1.) A gas has a pressure of 10.56 atm at 25 degrees Celcius. If gas is heated to 40 degrees C, what will the new pressure be?

2.) A 350 mL air sample collected at 35 C has a pressure of 550. torr. What pressure will the air exert if it is allowed to expand to 425 mL at 57 C?

3.) How many moles of a gas at 104oC would occupy a volume of 6.9 L at 0.355 atm?

What are the properties of Acids and Bases? How do Arrhenius vs. Bronsted-Lowry define acids and bases?

What characterizes a strong acid/base? Where are acids/bases on the pH scale? Find pH from the [H⁺] or [OH⁻].

Define solution, solvent, solute, solubility. What factors affect solubility? How are gases different?

What makes water unique? Shape, type of molecule, intermolecular forces, etc. Explain “Like Dissolves Like”

What are electrolytes? What types of substances are electrolytes?

How much substance can be dissolved in 150 g water if its solubility is 30g/100 g H₂O?

What is the molarity of a soln that has 5 moles of solute in 2 liters soln? M=mol/volume

What are the moles of solute in 300mL of a 0.5M soln?

Describe Endothermic and Exothermic processes (include bond formation). Describe how energy flows.

Sketch a phase change diagram. What happens to temperature during a phase change?

How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 300.0 g of aluminum by 25°C? (C=0.88 J/gC) Q=mCΔT

What is the specific heat if 3000 cal are required to raise 400g by 20°C?

Explain relationship between a system and its surroundings. What happens at equilibrium?

What factors affect the reaction rate? How does a catalyst work?

Explain Le Chatelier’s Principle. Complete the chart for the following reaction: 9 KJ + 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) < -- > 2 SO3(g)

Disturbanceaffect on SO₂affect on O₂affect on SO₃

Decrease SO₂
Increase O₂
Increase SO₃
Increase Pressure
Decrease Temp

What is entropy? What are the characteristic of a system with high entropy? Low entropy?

Organic Chem: Practice naming and drawing structures, review worksheets

Complete Charts:

PrefixSketch Name Ending Numbered?

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
alkane
alkene
alkyne
side chain/
baby group
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alcohol
Ether
Ester
Acid

Draw the following:

  1. CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
  2. 4-ethyl, 4-propyl decane
  3. 3-methyl, 3 ethyl heptane
  4. 2-butene
  5. 2,2,3-trimethyl pentane
  6. 4-methyl, 2-pentene
  7. 3-ethyl heptane
  8. 2-butene
  9. 3-hexanone
  10. 3-methyl octanal
  11. 4-ethyl, 2-nonanone
  12. 3,5 diethyl octanal
  13. Dipropyl ether
  14. 3-hexanol
  15. 4-octanol
  16. 2,2- dimethyl, 3-heptene
  17. 6-methyl, 2,5 –nonadiene
  18. 2-methyl pentanoic acid
  19. Pentylhexanoate
  20. Methyl propanoate
  21. 1,3 butadiene
  22. Dimethyl ether