Name ______

“Target America” and /or “Looking for Answers”

( “Frontline”, PBS, 2001 )

Directions: Fillboth sides of this paper, using complete sentences.

1.What specific, fundamental lessons should have been learned from U.S. involvement in the

Middle East in the 1980s and 1990s ? Describe 3 separate events andlessons.

EventLesson

2.Were any of the lessons described above in fact learned ? Why or why not ?

Limit your focus to two lessons.

LessonLearned ?

- - - over - - >

3.What are the roots of militant Islam in terms of its Issues, Ideas, and Values ? Describe at

least 2 of these. How might the ongoing focus on the activities of Osama bin Laden and the Al Qaeda network decrease U.S. understandingof these roots ?

Issue, Idea, or Value

U.S. Focus

4.Which two ( 2 ) of the lessons you described in Questions 1. & 2. are relevant to current

U.S. strategies for dealing with terrorism and with state sponsors of terrorism ?

Why are they relevant ?

“Target America”

( “Frontline”, PBS, 2001 )

1.What specific, fundamental lessons should have been learned from U.S. involvement in the

Middle East in the 1980s and 1990s ? Describe 3 separate events andlessons.

EventLesson

Sabra-Shatila ( ’82 )local/regional conflicts often

long pre-date US interest and involvement

USMC barracks ( ’83 );fixed—yet temporary-- bases are

New Jersey shellingsvulnerable; long-range counterstrikes ineffective;

rapid withdrawal invites further

attacks

’82-3 Beirut embassy Schultz: intell-gathering,

bombingspre-emption + retaliation

Beirut bombing of Shi-iteCIA contractors unreliable

Mosque ( for Hezb. Head )( “You know it’s a CIA op.

when the only person not hit

is the one you were looking for” )

TWA hijackings ( ’85 )international travel a prime

target

Lockerbie ( ’88 )go after the state sponsor

2.Were any of the lessons described above in fact learned ? Why or why not ?

Limit your focus to two lessons.

LessonLearned ?

local/regional conflicts

Intell. + retaliationPowell: what’s the mission ?

Where is force protection ?

Difficult target:Libya strikes

Hezbollah + Iran-pacification

3.What are the roots of militant Islam in terms of its Issues, Ideas, and Values ? Describe at

least 2 of these. How might the ongoing focus on the activities of Osama bin Laden and the Al Qaeda network decrease U.S. understandingof these roots ?

Issue, Idea, or Value

U.S. Focus

4.Which two ( 2 ) of the lessons you described in Questions 1. & 2. are relevant to current

U.S. strategies for dealing with terrorism and with state sponsors of terrorism ?

Why are they relevant ?

______

Overall – Quick-Write

What is Terrorism ? Focus on. . .

  • Ideology vs. Tactics
  • Symptoms ( i.e., Issue Sources )

Why is the US and its interests an increasingly frequent target from the 1980s onwards ?

Do we apply a double-standard to what we call “terrorism” ?

What are the continuing challenges in. . .

  • understanding terrorism ?
  • combating terrorism ?

What are two reasons for why the U.S. is active in the Middle East ?

a.

b.

The 1990s saw a sharp increase in religiously-motivated terrorism. What has motivated this terrorism ?

How has religiously-motivated terrorism changed the way terrorism is carried out ?

What unique conditions are present in possible responses to religiously-motivated terrorism ?

What arguments could critics of U.S. military strikes against many sources of terrorism potentially make ?

______

“Target America”

  • What specific, fundamental lessons should have been learned from U.S. involvement in the Middle East in the 1980s and 1990s ?
  • Were any of the lessons described above in fact learned ? Why or why not ? Be specific about each lesson.
  • Which two ( 2 ) of these lessons are relevant to the current U.S. conflict with terrorism and the state sponsors of terrorism ? Why are they relevant ?

“Target America”

( “Frontline”, PBS, 2001 )

Moyers Intro0. – 0.5

Reagan policy0.5 – 22.5

Libya, 1981-82

Lebanon, 1982-85

Sabra-Shatila ( ’82 )

USMC barracks ( ’83 )

’82-3 Beirut embassy bombing 23 – 27

+ Beirut bombing of Shi-ite

mosque ( for Hezb. Head )

TWA hijackings & negotiations ( ’85 )27 – 33

Hostage-taking & arms-trades33 - 37

Libya

Berlin disco bombing

Lockerbie ( ’88 )37 – 42.5

General Countermeasure debates

9.11

human intelligence ( “Humint.”)

lessons (un)learned42.5 - 47

“Looking for Answers”

( “Frontline”, PBS, 2001 )

Intro: WTC 1993 bombing 0. – 4.5

-Ramsi Yusef

-Sheik Abdul Rahman

Muslim Brotherhood & Egyptian Society4.5 – 7.5

[ Egyptian ] “Islamic Jihad” org.7.5 – 9.5

Dr. Zawarhari & Camp David;

-Sadat’s death; Mubarak’s crackdown9.5 – 17.5

Afghanistan; AQ est.; Bin Laden intro17.5 – 23

-Saudi role vis. muhaj. finance

1990: Desert Shield/Storm23 – 32.5

-Saudi society; USA influence; UBL

Sudan; Khobar Towers bombing32.5 - 37

-UBL exile to Afgh.

1998: Anti-USA AQ pan-jihad coalition est.37 - 41

-Embassy bombings in Africa

1998-2000. Afghanistan; AQ camps & 9.11 prep.41-43

Al Jazeera TV ; AQ videos43-48

2001 threat warnings48 - 51

Name______

“Looking for Answers” ( “Frontline”, PBS, 2001 )

Directions: Provide information explaining the importance and/or significance of each of the following. Don’t forget to include one of your questions concerning each issue.

YOUR Questions !

1. 1993 WTC bombing ( Ramsi Yusef, Sheik Abdul Rahman )

2. Muslim Brotherhood & Egyptian Society

3. [ Egyptian ] “Islamic Jihad” org.

4. Dr. Zawarhari & Camp David; Sadat’s death; Mubarak’s crackdown

5. Afghanistan; AQ est.; Bin Laden intro ( Saudi role vis. muhaj. finance )

- - more - - >

YOUR Questions !

6. 1990: Desert Shield/Storm ( Saudi society; USA influence; UBL )

7. Sudan; Khobar Towers bombing ( UBL exile to Afgh. )

8. 1998: Anti-USA AQ pan-jihad coalition est. ( embassy bombings )

9. 1998-2000. Afghanistan; AQ camps & 9.11 prep.

10. Al Jazeera TV ; AQ videos

11. 2001 threat warnings