Union Endicott Central Schools

Union Endicott Central Schools

Union Endicott High School Library

Works Cited Style Booklet

Based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th Ed.)

Latest version available on the Web at
UEHS Library, Research Support

December 2011

NOTE:IMPORTANT CHANGES in MLA FORMAT in NEW 7 TH EDITION

The 7th edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papersincludes the following significant changes:

1)underlines replaced by italics,

2)addition of Print or Web to citation entry,

3)deletion of library, city, state where database citations were found,

4)addition of format to cite collection of web pages on single web site, and

5)deletion of most extended web addresses(see note below).

EXAMPLE USING NEW MLA 7TH EDITION

Tuttleton, James W. “F.Scott Fitzgerald and the Magical Glory.” New CriterionNov. 1994: 24-31. SIRS Renaissance. Web.
5 March 2010.

EXAMPLE USING OBSOLETE MLA 6TH EDITION

Tuttleton, James W. “F.Scott Fitzgerald and the Magical Glory.” New CriterionNov. 1994: 24-31. SIRS Renaissance. Union Endicott High School Library, Endicott, NY. 5 March 2008. <

NOTE: MLA no longer requires the use of URLs in MLA citations. Most readers can find electronic sources via title or author searches in Internet Search Engines. For teachers or editors who still wish to require the use of URLs, MLA suggests that the URL appear in angle brackets after the date of access. Break URLs only after slashes.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Works Cited Information & Abbreviations……………………
Book Citations (& Multiple Author Citation Formats)...... ………………. / 4
5 - 8
Pamphlet Citations ……………………………………………………….… / 8
CD ROM Citations ...... / 8 - 9
Interview Citations …………………………………………………………. / 10
Encyclopedia Citations ……………………………………………………. / 10 - 11
Literary Criticism – A Two-Layer Citation Process ...... …………. / 12
Internet Citations – Subscription Databases ...... ………… / 12 - 13
Internet Citations – Free Web Sites ...... ………… / 13 - 15
Periodical Citations (from Printed Sources) …………………………... / 15 - 16
AV Material Citations ………………………………………………………. / 16 - 17
Image Citations ……………………………………………………………... / 17 - 19
Digital File Citations ………………………………………………….. / 19
Hanging Indentation / Double Spacing………………………………….. / 19
Works Cited Page Requirements ………………………………………... / 20
Parenthetical Documentation Requirements ………………………….. / 22
Sample Works Cited Page ………………………………………………… / 24
Sample Parenthetical Documentation for Works Cited Page ………. / 25

GENERAL WORKS CITED INFORMATION

• Placement – Works Cited entries start on a new page following the text of your paper. Number the Works Cited page(s) continuing the page numbers of the research paper.

• Font – Use 12 pt. text in an easily readable typeface (e.g. Times New Roman) - need high contrast between regular type and italics type styles.

• Works Cited Page Title – Center the title, Works Cited, one inch from the top of the page.
  
• Spacing – Double space the entire page including between the title and the first entry, and within and between entries.
  
• Alignment / Hanging Indentation – Begin each entry flush with the left margin.If an entry runs more than one line, use hanging indentation to indent the second line ½” from the left margin. Use Page Set-UpInstructions on page 20 to do this easily on the computer – Never use the space bar or tab key! Hanging indentation clearly defines each individual citation making the Works Cited page easier to read.

• Arrangement of Entries –Works Cited entries are arranged in alphabetical order by the letter(s) flush against the left margin. Usually this arrangement is by the author’s last name, but if the author is unknown, alphabetize by the title using, but ignoring A, An, or The or its’ equivalent in another language. For example, The Longest Day would be alphabetized by L.

• Italics and Capitalization – All book, periodical, web site, and database titles appear in italics. Article titles are enclosed in quotation marks and are not italicized. Each significant word in an article or book title is capitalized including the first word of a subtitle. See the MLA Handbook 7th edition if complete rules are needed

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviate months except May, June, and July (e.g. Dec.)

If information about your source is not given, use the following abbreviations:

No date n. d.No place of publicationn. p.

No page numbers n. pag.No publishern. p.

BOOK CITATIONS

WHOLE BOOK BY ONE AUTHOR:

Author’s last name, first name. Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Print.

Example:

Handford, Martin. Find Waldo Now. Boston: Brown, 1988. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Handford 12)

WHOLE BOOK BY TWO AUTHORS:

First author’s last name, first name and second author’s first name then last name. Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Print.

Example:

Hayes, William and Robert Cole. Vision of America. New York: Putnam, 1992. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Hayes and Cole 312)

WHOLE BOOK BY THREE OR MORE AUTHORS:

First author’s last name, first name, et al. Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Print.

Example:

Eldredge, Walter, et al. Television and Violence. Chicago: Random, 1988. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Eldredge, et al. 119)

WHOLE BOOK (ANTHOLOGY) WITH NO INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS:

Editor’s last name, first name, ed. Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Print.

Example:

Langer, H.J., ed. America in Quotations: A Kaleidoscopic View of American History. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2002. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Langer 192)

BOOK CITATIONS (cont’d)

WHOLE BOOK BY CORPORATE AUTHOR:

Name of Corporate Author. Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Print.

Example:

National Geographic Society. Atlas of the World. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2005. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (National 34)

An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, oR an Afterword:

Author’s last name, first name. “Title of (Introduction, Preface, Foreword, Afterword).” Name of part being cited. Title of Anthology or Compilation. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Print.

Example:

“Jane Austen.” Introduction. World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 142-144. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (“Jane” 143)

ARTICLES FROM BOOKS IN A SERIES(such as Opposing Viewpoints, Current Controversies, etc.):

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Title of Book. Book Ed. Editors first name last name. Series name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Print.

Example:

Marcuse, Peter. “The Government Should Do More for the Homeless.” The Homeless. Ed. Jennifer A. Hurley. Opposing Viewpoints Series. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1990. 90-99. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Marcuse 91)

BOOK CITATIONS (cont’d)

CHAPTER IN A BOOK WITH OR WITHOUT EDITOR (ENCyclopedia, Dictionary, SCHOOL TEXT, ETC):

Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Work or Section.” Title of Anthology or Compilation. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Print.

Example with Editor:

“Asthma.” Sick!: Diseases, Disorders, Injuries and Infections. Ed. David Newton, et al. Detroit: UXL Gale, 2000. 78 – 87. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (“Asthma” 87)

Example without Editor:

Oates, Joyce Carol. “Where is Here?” Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes – The American Experience. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999. 349-355. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Oates 350)

ARTICLES REPRINTED IN A BOOK (including World Lit. Criticism):

[Use correct citation pattern for original material]. Rpt. In Title of Book. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Print.

Example of article from a periodical:

Wiegand, William. “J.D. Salinger: Seventy-Eight Bananas.” Chicago Review Winter 1958: 3-19. Rpt. in World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 3020-3024. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Wiegand 3020)

Example of chapter from a book:

Wilson, Edmund. “F. Scott Fitzgerald.” The Shores of Light: A Literary Chronicle. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1952. 27-35. Rpt. In World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 1221-1223. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Wilson 1222)

Example of a complete work (book):

Way, Brian. F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Art of Social Fiction. New York: St. Martin’s, 1980. Rpt. in World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 1231-1236. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Way 1232)

BOOK CITATIONS (cont’d)

HISTORICAL WORKS REPUBLISHED IN A BOOK:

Author’s last name, first name. Title of Work. (Original year of publication). Title of Anthology or Compilation. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Print.

Example:

Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. 1845. Classic American Autobiographies. Ed. William L. Andrews. New York: Mentor, 1992. 229-327. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Douglass 229)

PAMPHLETS:

Use Book Format including as much information as is available. Use appropriate abbreviation(s) for missing information. Follow the citation with the word Print.

Example:

CAD Technician. Moravia, NY: Chronicle Guidance Publications, 2005. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (CAD 3)

CD ROM DATABASE CITATIONS

Discovering Authors Database

SUBJECT / TOPIC / BIOGRAPHY ENTRY FROM A CD ROM:

Author’ s last name, first name. “Entry Title As Shown.” Title of CD. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. CD-ROM.

Examples:

Wailer, David. “Alligator.” Animals in Danger. New York: Exegetes, 1996.CD-ROM.

Parenthetical Example: (Wailer)

(Biography from Discovering Authors CD)
Note: A biography is ABOUT the person, not by them. Do NOT reverse the names! Write the title completely.

“Emily (Jane) Bronte (1818-1848).” Discovering Authors. n.p.: Gale Group, 2000.CD ROM.

Parenthetical Example: (“Emily”)

CD ROM DATABASE CITATIONS (cont’d)

SPECIALIZED PERIODICAL ARTICLE REPUBLISHED ON A CDROM (e.g. Discovering Authors – Literary Criticism):

Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Original SourceOriginal publication date: page number range. CD-ROM. Name of database. Database publication date.

Example:

Colby, Robert. “Bronte and the Life of the Mind.”PMLASept. 1960: 410-419. CD-ROM. Discovering Authors. 2000.

Parenthetical Example: (Colby)

CHAPTER FROM A BOOK REPUBLISHED ON A CDROM (e.g. Discovering Authors – Literary Criticism):

Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Book Title. Book Editor. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Page number range (use n. pag. if pages not given). CD-ROM. Name of database. Database publication date.

Example:

Heilman, Robert B. “Charlotte Bronte’s ‘New’ Gothic.”The Brontes: A Collection of Critical Essays.Ed. Ian Gregor. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1970. 96-109. CD- ROM. Discovering Authors. 2000.

Parenthetical Example: (Heilman)

BOOK PUBLISHED ON A CDROM:

Author’s last name, first name. Book Title. Place of publication of book: publisher of book, copyright date. CD-ROM. (if CD has its own publisher, add - Place of publication of CD: publisher of CD, publication date of CD.) # of discs (if >1).

Example:

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. New York: Random House, 2007. CD-ROM. 17 discs.

Parenthetical Example: (Rowling disc 4)

INTERVIEW CITATIONS

INTERVIEW:

Person’s last name, first name. Type of Interview (telephone, personal, etc.) Date.

Example:

Clinton, Bill. Personal Interview. 10 Jan. 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Clinton)

ENCYCLOPEDIA CITATIONS

ENCYCLOPEDIA (CD ROM) CITATIONS

ARTICLE IN A CD ROM ENCYCLOPEDIA:

Author’s last name, first name (if signed). “Article Title.” CD ROM Encyclopedia Title.CD ROM. Copyright date.

Example:

Hersey, George L. “ Pre-Columbian Architecture.“ World Book 2000 Millennium. CD ROM. 1999.

Parenthetical Example: (Hersey)

ENCYCLOPEDIA (INTERNET) CITATIONS

ARTICLE FROM A SUBSCRIPTION DATABASE ENCYCLOPEDIA ON THE WEB:

Author’s last name, first name (if signed). “Article Title.” Encyclopedia Title.Date of electronic publication. Name of database. Medium. Date of access.

Example:

Wesser, Robert F. “Roosevelt, Theodore.” Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2005. Grolier Online. Web. 12 September 2005.

Parenthetical Example: (“Roosevelt”)

ARTICLE FROM A FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA ON THE WEB:

Author’s last name, first name (if signed). “Article Title.” Encyclopedia Title.Date of electronic publication. Name of provider/sponsoring organization. Medium. Date of access.

Example:

“Literature.” Wikipedia. 2009. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 12 September 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (“Literature”)

ENCYCLOPEDIA (PRINT) CITATIONS

ENTRY IN AN Encyclopedia, Dictionary or specialized encyclopedia:

Author’s last name, first name (if signed). “Title of Work or Section.” Title of Encyclopedia or Dictionary. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Print.

Examples (signed article, unsigned article):

Smith, Whitney. “Flag.” World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc.,2002. 192-223. Print.

Parenthetical Example:(Smith 199)

“Sharks.” International Wildlife Encyclopedia. Eds. Maurice Burton and Robert Burton.Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish,2002. 2329-2333. Print.

Parenthetical Example:(“Sharks” 2331)

Example (specialized encyclopedia article):

“Asthma.” Sick!: Diseases, Disorders, Injuries and Infections. Ed. David Newton, et al. Detroit: UXL Gale, 2000. 78 – 87. Print.

Parenthetical Example:(“Asthma” 87)

LITERARY CRITICISM – A TWO-LAYER CITATION PROCESS

See Literary Criticism under Research Support on the UEHS Library web page or ask librarian for a handout.

INTERNET CITATIONS – SUBSCRIPTIONDATABASES

PERIODICAL ARTICLE REPUBLISHED IN A SUBSCRIPTION DATABASE ON THE WEB:
(Academic OneFile, CQ Researcher,EBSCO databases, Facts.com, SIRS databases, etc.):

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Original SourceOriginal Date: page number range. Name of database. Medium. Date of access.

Examples:

Rosenberg, Merri. “Teenagers Work To Be Tomorrow’s Stars.” New York Times9 Oct. 2008, late ed: C14. Academic OneFile. Web. 5 Sept. 2010.

Parenthetical Example:(Rosenberg)

Tuttleton, James W. “F.Scott Fitzgerald and the Magical Glory.” New CriterionNov. 1994: 24-31. SIRS Renaissance. Web.
5 March 2010.

Parenthetical Example:(Tuttleton)

CHAPTER IN A BOOK REPUBLISHED IN A SUBSCRIPTION DATABASE (Opposing Viewpoints in Context, etc.):

Author’s last name, first name. “Chapter Title.” Title of Book. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Series Title if applicable. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range (use n. pag. if no page range given). Name of database. Medium. Date of access.

Example:

Gelbspan, Ross. “Global Warming is a Serious Environmental Threat.” The Environment. Ed. William Dudley. Opposing Viewpoints Series. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. n.pag. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 10 January 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Gelbspan)

INTERNET CITATIONS – SUBSCRIPTIONDATABASES (cont’d)

ARTICLE WRITTEN FOR A SUBSCRIPTION DATABASE ON THE WEB:
(ABC-CLIO Databases, SIRS Databases (selected articles only), etc.):

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Name of database. Original Date. Name of database provider. Medium. Date of access.

Example:

“World War II.” American History. 2006. ABC-CLIO. Web. 13 June 2010.

Parenthetical Example:(“World”)

INTERNET CITATIONS – FREE WEB SITES

PAGE FROM A WEB SITE: (Note: Use only for materials not formally published elsewhere)

Author’s last name, first name (if given). “Web Page Title”.Name of Site. Source organization (or name if personal web site). Medium. Date of access. (Note: Ask librarian if you can’t find the source)

Examples:

“Civil War Women: Primary Sources on the Internet.”Sallie Bingham Center for Women’s History and Culture. Duke University Libraries. Web.15 Jan. 2010.

Parenthetical Example:(“Civil”)

Williamson, Alice. “Alice Williamson Diary.” Special Collections Library. Duke Univ. Libraries.Web. 15 Jan. 2010.

Parenthetical Example:(Williamson)

INTERNET CITATIONS – FREE WEB SITES (cont’d)

AN ENTIRE WEB SITE:

Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Source organization, date of resource creation (if available). Medium. Date of access.

Example:

Diseases and Conditions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010. Web. 8Nov. 2010.

PERIODICAL ARTICLE PUBLISHED ON A FREE (NON-SUBSCRIPTION) WEB SITE:

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Original SourceOriginal Date. Medium.Date of access.

Example:

Nossiter, Adam. “Outlines Emerge for a Shaken New Orleans.” New York Times27 Aug. 2006. Web. 12 Sept. 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Nossiter)

CHAPTER FROM A BOOK REPUBLISHED ON A FREE (NON-SUBSCRIPTION) WEB SITE (ex. GoogleBooks):

Author’s last name, first name. “Chapter Title.” Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. page number range. Title of Web Site. Source Organization. Medium. Date of access.

Example:

Honan, Park. “Hamlet’s Questions.” Shakespeare: A Life. n.p.: Oxford University Press, 2000. 274-294. GoogleBook Search. Google Books. Web. 13 June 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Honan 277)
Note: Page numbers as reproduced from the original text should be given in the parenthetical documentation.

ARTICLE FROM AN ENCYCLOPEDIA ON A WEB SITE:

See Encyclopedia Section of Works Cited Style Booklet

INTERNET CITATIONS – FREE WEB SITES (cont’d)

INFORMATION FROM AN E-MAIL MESSAGE:

Author of e-mail message.Subject line of message.E-mail to recipient’s name. Date of message.

Example:

Winfrey, Oprah.My Book Club. Message to Cheryl Naslund. 20 May 2010. Email.

Parenthetical Example: (Winfrey)

AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIAL FROM A FREE WEB SITE:

See the AV MATERIALS section of this Works Cited Booklet or the MLA Handbook for more complex publication information.

PERIODICAL CITATIONS from printed sources

(e.g. printed magazine or newspaper)

ARTICLE IN A PRINTED MAGAZINE:

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.”Magazine TitleDate of magazine: page number range. Print.

Examples (signed article, unsigned article):

Barone, Michael. “Banners for the Future.” Newsweek11 Dec. 1995: 55. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Barone 55)

“Discover the Comet.” Time22 Mar. 1996: 32-35. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (“Discover” 33)

Example:CQ RESEARCHER REPORTS (Bound magazine issues in large Blue Books):

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” CQ ResearcherDate: page number range. Print.

Example:

Glazer, Sarah. “Juvenile Justice.” CQ Researcher25 May 1994: 16-29. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Glazer 16)

PERIODICAL CITATIONS from printed sources (cont’d)

ARTICLE IN A PRINTED NEWSPAPER:

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.”Newspaper TitleDate, edition information: section number page number range. Print.

Examples (signed article, unsigned article):

Mane, Catherine. “Smoke Free Tobacco.” New York Times4 Apr. 1996, late ed.: C5+. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Mane C5)

“Broadway Hits.” New York Times22 Mar. 1996, late ed.: A1+. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (“Broadway” A1)

AV MATERIAL CITATIONS

VIDEORECORDING / DVD:

Title. Dir. Director’s first name last name. Perf. Performer’s first name last name. Film Distributor, original date.Distributor of secondary medium, date. Medium.

Example:

Schindler’s List. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Perf. Liam Neeson, Ralph Fiennes, Caroline Goodall, Jonathan Sagalle, and Embeth Davidtz. Universal Studios, 1994. Universal Home Video, 2004. DVD.

Parenthetical Example: (Schindler’s)

TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM:

Title of Episode. Title of Program. Series title (if given). Name of network. Call letters, location of local station. Broadcast date. Medium.

Example:

The Beginning.Middlemarch. Masterpiece Theatre. PBS. WSKG, Binghamton. 10 Apr. 1994. Television.

Parenthetical Example: (Beginning)

AV MATERIAL CITATIONS (cont’d)

TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM ON THE WEB: