SOURCE SHEET

June 2007

Women and Smoking:

Dispelling the Myths, Countering the Messages

Developed by the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids

Contact: Victoria Almquist at

Indiana specific data provided by Indiana Tobacco Prevention and Cessation and the Indiana State Department of Health

Contact: Miranda Spitznagle at or 317.234.1787

Slide 2:

  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tobacco Control Highlights 2005. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2005.
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Annual Smoking–Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses — United States, 1997–2001. MMWR Highlights. 1 July 2005. Vol. 54. No. 25.
  • 2006 Indiana Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BFRSS)
  • 2006 Indiana Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS)

Slide 3:

  • CDC Tobacco Control Highlights 2005. Amount attributed to women calculated from proportion of tobacco-related women deaths for Indiana.

Slide 4:

  • Thun, M., "Mixed progress against lung cancer," Tobacco Control 7:223-226, 1998.
  • US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A report of the Surgeon General, DHHS Publication No 89-8911, 1989.

Slide 29:

  • Pierce J.P., Lee L., Gilpin E.A., “Smoking initiation by adolescent girls, 1944 through 1988: An association with targeted advertising,” JAMA, 1994, Vol. 271, No. 8.

Slide 30:

  • 2006 Indiana Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS)
  • 2006 Indiana Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BFRSS)

Slide 32:

  • Indiana Cancer Facts and Figures, 2006

Slide 33:

  • National Center for Health Statistics, 2006.

Slide 34:

  • National Health Interview Survey.

Slide 35:

  • NCI, 2003
  • Henschke, CIandMiettinen, OS. “Women’s Susceptibility to Tobacco Carcinogens,” Lung Cancer, Vol 43 Issue 1, January 2004.

Slide 36:

  • CDC, National Center for Environmental Health, Facts About COPD, August, 2003
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General, 2001.

Slide 37:

  • American Heart Association. 2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Association, 2000.

Slide 38:

  • American Heart Association, February 2, 2004.

Slide 39:

  • Winstanley M, Woodward S, Walker N. Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues 1995. Second edition. Australia: Victorian Smoking and Health Program, 1995.
  • Band, PR, et al. “Carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting effects of cigarette smoke and risk of breast cancer,” The Lancet. Volume 360 Issue 9339 Page 1044.

Slide 40:

  • Alderete E, Eskanasi B, Sholtz R. Effect of cigarette smoking and coffee drinking on time to conception. Epidemiolgy 1995;6(4)403-8 Stein Z. Smoking and reproductive health. J Am Med Women’s Association 1996;51(1&2):29-30.
  • Goldbaum, Gary et al. The Relative Impact of Smoking and Oral Contraceptive Use on Women in the United States. JAMA 1987 Sep 11; 258(10): 1339-42.
  • The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Daily Report, “Smoking May Reduce Effectiveness of the Pill,” September 29, 2000.
  • On early delivery, low birth-weight babies, and growth problems after birth, see, e.g., Wiborg, K., et al., "Smoking During Pregnancy and Pre-term Birth," British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1996 August; 103(8): 800-05. Dejin-Karlsson, E., et al., "Does Passive Smoking in Early Pregnancy Increase the Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants?," American Journal of Public Health 1998 October; 88(1): 1523-27. Martin, T.R. & M.B. Bracken, "Association of Low Birth Weight with Passive Smoke Exposure in Pregnancy," American Journal of Epidemiology 1986 October; 124(4): 633-42. Jones, G., et al., "Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, Growth and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children," Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1999 January; 14(1): 146-51. Eskenazi, B. & J.J. Bergmann, "Passive and Active Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, as Measured by Serum Cotinine, and Postnatal Smoke Exposure. I. Effects on Physical Growth at 5 Years," American Journal of Epidemiology 1995 November; 142(9 Supplement): S10-18. Elwood, P.C., et al., "Growth of Children from 0-5 Years: with Special Reference to Mother's Smoking in Pregnancy," Annals of Human Biology 1987 Nov-Dec; 14(6): 543-57.
  • Ibid.

Slide 41:

  • On spontaneous abortions, see, e.g., Mendola, P., et al. “Risk of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion, Cigarette Smoking, and Genetic Polymorphisms in NAT2 and GSTM1,” Epidemiology 1999 November; 9(6): 666-668. Shiverick, K.T. & C. Salafia. “Cigarette Smoking and Pregnancy I: Ovarian, Uterine and Placental Effects,” 1999 May; Placenta 20(4): 265-272. Ness, R. B., et al., “Cocaine and Tobacco Use and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion,” New England Journal of Medicine 1999 February; 340(5): 333-339. Chatenoud, L., et al., "Paternal and Maternal Smoking Habits Before Conception and During the First Trimester: Relation to Spontaneous Abortions," Annals of Epidemiology 1998 November; 8(8): 520-26. Hruba, D. and P. Kachlik, “Relation Between Smoking in Reproductive-Age Women and Disorders in Reproduction,” Ceska Gynekol 1997 August; 62(4): 191-196. Dominquez-Rojas, V., et al., “Spontaneous Abortion in a Hospital Population: Are Tobacco and Coffee Intake Risk Factors?,” European Journal of Epidemiology 1994 December; 10(6): 665-668. Walsh, R.A., “Effects of Maternal Smoking on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Examination of the Criteria for Causation,” Human Biology 1994 December; 66(6): 1059-1092. Windham, G.C., et al., "Parental Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion," American Journal of Epidemiology 1992 June; 135(12): 1394-403. Armstrong, B.G. et al., “Cigarette, Alcohol, and Coffee Consumption and Spontaneous Abortion,” American Journal of Public Health 1992 January; 82(1): 85-87. Pattinson, H.A. et al., “The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Ovarian Function and Early Pregnancy Outcome Of In Vitro Fertilization Treatment,” Fertility and Sterility 1991 April; 55(4): 780-783. Economides, D. & J. Braithwaite, “Smoking, Pregnancy, and the Fetus,” Journal of the Royal Society of Health 1994 August; 114(4): 198-201. Fredricsson, B. & H. Gilljam, “Smoking and Reproduction: Short and Long Term Effects and Benefits of Smoking Cessation,” Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavica 1992 December; 71(8): 580-592. On still births, see, e.g., Raymond, E.G. et al., “Effects of Maternal Age, Parity, and Smoking on the Risk of Stillbirth,” British Journal of Obstetric Gynecology 1994 April; 101(4): 301-306. Ahlborg, G. Jr. & L.. Bodin, “Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Pregnancy Outcome Among Working Women: A Prospective Study At Prenatal Care Centers In Orebro County, Sweden,” American Journal of Epidemiology 1991 February; 133(4): 338-347. On sudden infant death syndrome, see, e.g., Cooke, R.W., "Smoking, Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome," International Journal of Epidemiology 1998 April; 27(2): 238-41.

Slide 43:

  • British Medical Journal, 1985

Slide 46:

  • National Cancer Institute (NCI). Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 13: Risks Associated With Smoking Cigarettes With Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine, 2001. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

Slide 48:

  • Pillitteri, JL, et al., Smokers beliefs about light and ultralight cigarettes,” 2001; Tobacco Control 10(SupplI):i17-i23.

Slide 50:

  • Russell MA, “The nicotine addiction trap: A 40 year sentence for four cigarettes,” British Journal of Addiction, 85(2): 293-300, February 1990.