Problem Set Three

Biology 3360 - Vertebrate Embryology

Autumn Semester 2016

Download this Word file and answer the questions by adding your answers directly to this document. When you are finished print the document and bring it to class on Friday, November 18. No late assignments will be accepted.

In this problem set, answer all parts of all questions. If you use outside sources, include citations (both in-text citations and a works cited). Note that you should be able to answer all of these questions using information that has been presented in lecture, but you are welcome and encouraged to do outside research to expand on your answers and your knowledge.

This problem set will be graded for both completeness and correctness, think of it as a take-home quiz. The majority of points will be given for including correct and relevant information, and for showing your thought process and reasoning.

  1. In biology, homologous and analogous structures can be described and discussed in two ways – in the context of evolution, and the context of sexual differentiation. Define both of these words, in both contexts.
  2. Evolutionary context
  3. Definition of homologous structures:
  4. Definition of analogous structures:
  5. Sexual differentiation context
  6. Definition of homologousstructures:
  7. Definition of analogousstructures:
  1. Discuss homologous and analogous structures of the urogenital system in the context of evolution. For full credit, each answer should have three parts. If there are multiple analogous/homologous structures, feel free to repeat i-iii for each structure.

i.Relevant facts – These can be from lecture or from outside sources. List any facts that help you reach your conclusion.

ii.Reasoning/derivation – How did you use the facts listed above to reach your conclusion? Explain your thought process.

iii.Conclusion – Your answer. Keep it brief. For each structure, simply state which other structures it is analogous or homologous to. All explanations of “why” should be listed in part ii. Note that “none” is a good answer to some of these – however, even if you answer “none”, you still need to do parts i and ii.

  1. What adult structures in amniotes are homologous to the pronephric kidney?
  2. Relevant facts
  3. Reasoning/derivation
  4. Conclusion
  5. What adult structures in amniotes are analogousto the pronephric kidney?
  6. Relevant facts
  7. Reasoning/derivation
  8. Conclusion
  9. What adult structures in amniotes are homologous to the mesanephric kidney?
  10. Relevant facts
  11. Reasoning/derivation
  12. Conclusion
  13. What adult structures in amniotes are analogousto the mesanephric kidney?
  14. Relevant facts
  15. Reasoning/derivation
  16. Conclusion
  1. Discuss homologous and analogous structures of the urogenital system in the context of sexual differentiation. For full credit, each answer should have the same three parts described above. If there are multiple analogous/homologous structures, feel free to repeat i-iii for each structure.
  2. What female structures are homologous to the scrotum?
  3. Relevant facts
  4. Reasoning/derivation
  5. Conclusion
  6. What female structures are analogousto the scrotum?
  7. Relevant facts
  8. Reasoning/derivation
  9. Conclusion
  10. What female structures are homologous to thespongy urethra?
  11. Relevant facts
  12. Reasoning/derivation
  13. Conclusion
  14. What female structures are analogousto thespongy urethra?
  15. Relevant facts
  16. Reasoning/derivation
  17. Conclusion
  18. What female structures are homologous to thebulbourethral gland?
  19. Relevant facts
  20. Reasoning/derivation
  21. Conclusion
  22. What female structures are analogousto thebulbourethral gland?
  23. Relevant facts
  24. Reasoning/derivation
  25. Conclusion
  26. What female structures are homologous to theprostate gland?
  27. Relevant facts
  28. Reasoning/derivation
  29. Conclusion
  30. What female structures are analogousto theprostate gland?
  31. Relevant facts
  32. Reasoning/derivation
  33. Conclusion
  34. What female structures are homologous to theductus deferens?
  35. Relevant facts
  36. Reasoning/derivation
  37. Conclusion
  38. What female structures are analogousto theductus deferens?
  39. Relevant facts
  40. Reasoning/derivation
  41. Conclusion
  42. What male structures are homologous to the uterine tube?
  43. Relevant facts
  44. Reasoning/derivation
  45. Conclusion
  46. What male structures are analogousto theuterine tube?
  47. Relevant facts
  48. Reasoning/derivation
  49. Conclusion
  50. What female structures are homologous to the testis?
  51. Relevant facts
  52. Reasoning/derivation
  53. Conclusion
  54. What female structures are analogousto the testis?
  55. Relevant facts
  56. Reasoning/derivation
  57. Conclusion
  58. What male structures are homologous to the ovary?
  59. Relevant facts
  60. Reasoning/derivation
  61. Conclusion
  62. What male structures are analogousto the ovary?
  63. Relevant facts
  64. Reasoning/derivation
  65. Conclusion
  66. What male structures are homologous to the uterus?
  67. Relevant facts
  68. Reasoning/derivation
  69. Conclusion
  70. What male structures are analogousto the uterus?
  71. Relevant facts
  72. Reasoning/derivation
  73. Conclusion