MADANIA (High School)

Grade 10-Biology-Worksheet 1

Biology Molecules

19/ 07 / 2010

Life’s diversity results from the variety of molecules in cells. The most common elements in living organisms are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Most of the large molecules in living things are macromolecules called polymers. Polymers are long chains of smaller molecular units called monomers.

Name the four groups of organic molecules and main functions.

Organic Molecule / Main Function
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid

General questions:

  1. A process of which monomers are joined together to form polymers is called ______.
  2. A process of which polymers are broken down to monomers is called ______.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are a class of molecules and are divided into three main groups, which are monosaccharides, disaccharides and ploysaccharides.

Circle the letters of each sentence that is true about carbohydrates.

  1. Starches and sugars are examples of carbohydrates.
  2. Living things use them as their main source of energy.
  3. The monomers in sugar polymers is starch molecules.
  4. Plants and some animals use them for strenght and rigidity.
  5. Carbohydrates are hydrophilic.
  • Monosaccharides.

Empiric Formula: (CH2O)n

  1. What is the formula of:

A hexose= ______

A pentose= ______

A triose= ______

  1. What three monosaccharides have 6 carbons?
  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______
  1. What two monosaccharides have 5 carbons?
  1. ______
  2. ______
  • Disaccharides

Monosaccharides may be joined together to form disaccaharide.

The resulting linkage between sugars is called a glycosidic bond. Based on this picture below, circle the glycosidic bond.

The glycosidic bond is formed between carbons of monosaccharides and release ______. In reverse, to break down the disaccharide into monosaccharide, ______should be added. The two processes are controlled by ______.

  • Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are polymers whose subunits are monosaccharides.

  1. What kind of polysaccharides form found in plants? ______
  2. What kind of polysaccharides form found in animals? ______
  3. Why do our body need to convert glucose to polysaccharide form during the energy storing process?
  1. What are the two substances of starch? ______
  2. List three ways in which the molecular structure glycogen and amylopectin are similar.

Glycogen / Amylopectin
  1. List three ways in which the molecular structures of amylose and cellulose differ.

Amylose / Cellulose

Lipids

  1. The most common type of lipids are triglycerides. What are the roles of triglycerides?

______

  1. Triglycerides are composed of three long chains of ______and an alcohol called ______.
  2. What is the different between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

______

  1. Phospholipids are composed of two long chains of ______, an alcohol called ______and a polar head called ______.

Proteins

  1. What are the monomers of proteins? ______
  2. What are the four levels of protein structure?
  1. ______c. ______
  2. ______d. ______

Nucleic acids

  1. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are known as ______
  2. What are the contents of nucleotide?

______

  1. What are two kinds of nucleic acids?

______

Water

  1. Water is the most important biochemical of all. Mention two reasons why water is so important.

a.______

b.______

  1. Name the properties of water.
  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______
  4. ______
  5. ______
  1. State the properties of water that allows each of the following to take place. Explain its importance in each case.
  1. The cooling of skin during sweating.

Type of properties: ______

Reason: ______

  1. The survival of fish in ice covered lake.

Type of properties: ______

Reason: ______

  1. The ability of insects, such as pond skaters, to walk on water.

Type of properties: ______

Reason: ______

  1. The transport of glucose and ions in mammals.

Type of properties: ______

Reason: ______

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