Craig: Essentials of Sonography and Patient Care, 2Nd Edition

Test Bank

Craig: Essentials of Sonography and Patient Care, 2nd Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 1: The Origins and Evolution of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

1. A landmark book, The Theory of Sound, represented the beginning of the modern study of acoustics and was authored by

a. / Sir Isaac Newton
b. / Robert Boyle
c. / Leonardo da Vinci
d. / Lord Rayleigh
e. / Lazzaro Spallanzani

ANS: D

2. Early real-time ultrasound systems relied on the use of

a. / linear array transducers
b. / phased-array transducers
c. / convex (curvilinear) transducers
d. / endocorporeal transducers
e. / mechanical sectoring transducers

ANS: A

3. Bi-stable imaging systems were replaced by grayscale methods because

a. / the image display was too slow
b. / they failed to demonstrate subtle soft tissue interfaces
c. / the caliper measuring devices were unreliable
d. / the image recording options were limited
e. / the phosphor-coated screens were subject to screen “decay”

ANS: B

4. The destructive nature of ultrasound on biologic organisms and living tissue was first discussed in 1927 by

a. / Woods and Loomis
b. / Doppler and Roentgen
c. / Langevin and Chilowsky
d. / Howry and Holmes
e. / Pierce and Firestone

ANS: A

5. Name the physician who devoted his career to the study and development of

noninvasive measurement of the peripheral vascular system.

a. / John Reid
b. / Don Baker
c. / Rokuru Uchida
d. / Eugene Strandness
e. / Nathanial Bronson

ANS: D

6. The biggest complaint of static imagers with regard to real-time equipment was its

a. / noise
b. / transducer focal zones
c. / sector artifacts
d. / field of view
e. / heavy and bulky transducer

ANS: D

7. Francis Fry and Elizabeth Kelly Fry are most well know for their work in

a. / vascular ultrasound
b. / breast ultrasound
c. / ophthalmic ultrasound
d. / obstetrical ultrasound
e. / echocardiography

ANS: B

8. Name the physician credited as the first to establish the characteristic M-mode patterns of the mitral valve.

a. / Carl Helmuth Hertz
b. / Claude Joyner
c. / Inge Edler
d. / George Kossoff
e. / Sven Effert

ANS: C

9. The phenomenon of piezoelectricity was discovered by

a. / The Dussik brothers
b. / Wild and Reid
c. / Langevin and Chilowsky
d. / Jacques and Pierre Curie
e. / Leopold and Donald

ANS: D

10. The direct precursor to modern-day ultrasound imaging systems was the

a. / diasonograph
b. / Searle vidoson
c. / reflectoscope
d. / physionics porta-arm scanner
e. / octoson

ANS: D

11. The study of sound was begun in 500 B.C., when Pythagoras observed

a. / the propagation of sound
b. / the relationship between pitch and frequency
c. / the vibration of a musical instrument
d. / the nature of sound produced by one object striking another
e. / that sound is carried to the ears by the movement of air

ANS: B

12. Who was the first person to use the sound analogy of a pebble dropped into a calm body of water?

a. / Archytas
b. / Pythagorus
c. / Socrates
d. / Boethius
e. / da Vinci

ANS: D

13. Who first originated the concept that sound travels in waves?

a. / Galileo
b. / da Vinci
c. / Sir Isaac Newton
d. / Archytas
e. / Robert Boyle

ANS: B

14. Who is credited with the observation that “the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence”?

a. / da Vinci
b. / Aristotle
c. / Rayleigh
d. / Pythagorus
e. / Spallanzani

ANS: A

15. The observation of bats navigating in the dark produced the idea that sound above the range of human hearing might exist. This concept was first expressed by

a. / Francis Galton
b. / Christian Doppler
c. / Lazzaro Spallanzani
d. / Wilhelm Roentgen
e. / The Curie brothers

ANS: C

16. To remove unwanted tissue, therapeutic ultrasound relies on the following irreversible effects:

a. / mechanical stress
b. / cavitation
c. / localized heating
d. / a and c
e. / a, b, and c

ANS: E

17. The A-mode mapping of the human brain was pioneered by

a. / Douglass Howry
b. / Karl Dussik
c. / George Ludwig
d. / John Reid
e. / John Wild

ANS: B

18. The first scientist to develop intercavitary transducers for use with B-mode

scanners was

a. / Wild
b. / Holmes
c. / Howry
d. / Thompson
e. / Reid

ANS: A

19. The major limitation of bi-stable imaging was its

a. / need to use two oscilloscopes
b. / cumbersome assembly
c. / incomplete one-dimension images
d. / storage phosphor cathode ray tube
e. / need to immerse patients in water

ANS: D

20. Name the physician-scientist who was the first to ultrasonically demonstrate images of the fetal gestational sac.

a. / Kenneth Gottesfeld
b. / Stuart Campbell
c. / Ian Donald
d. / Phillipe Jeanty
e. / Horace Thompson

ANS: C

21. “Guidelines on Biological Safety” was the published work of

a. / American investigators
b. / Japanese investigators
c. / Swedish investigators
d. / English investigators
e. / French investigators

ANS: A

22. Early Doppler ultrasound systems were limited by the following:

a. / processing power
b. / insufficient number of duplex transducer arrays
c. / inadequate algorithms/techniques
d. / a and b only
e. / a, b, and c

ANS: E

23. The development of modern day sonar is linked to the invention of the

a. / reflectoscope
b. / hyperphone
c. / acoustiphone
d. / hydrophone
e. / reversiphone

ANS: D

24. The first American investigator to detail the methods and advantages of fetal cephalometry was

a. / Popp
b. / Goldberg
c. / Feigenbaum
d. / Gottesfeld
e. / Lehmann

ANS: B

25. Floyd Firestone is credited with inventing a(n)

a. / ceiling-mounted transducer carriage
b. / water path scanner
c. / fast B-scanner
d. / flaw-detector
e. / digital scan converter

ANS: D