Lemke Et Al. ESM 2

Lemke et al. ESM_2

Patterns of phenotypic trait variation in two temperate forest herbs along a broad climatic gradient. Plant Ecology.

Isgard Holle Lemke, Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., DE-28359 Bremen, Germany. E-mail: , Phone: +49-(0)421-21862915; Fax: +49-(0)421-218-62929

Online Resource 2 Trait means ± SD for each region and population included in our analyses for Miliumeffusum and Stachyssylvatica. n refers to the number of individuals sampled within each population.

Region Height [cm] Leaf area [mm²] SLA [mm²/mg] No. of seeds Seed mass [mg] n

Milium effusum

N Sweden

Pop.1 134.77 ±12.78 2705.67 ±663.43 72.23 ±25.09 211.50 ±169.07 0.53 ±0.22 30

Pop.2 115.30 ±8.19 2686.50 ±577.21 89.31 ±42.11 101.55 ±30.93 0.61 ±0.14 30

Pop.3 136.83 ±23.87 2162.50 ±742.06 32.54 ±12.84 316.45 ±283.86 0.95 ±0.18 30

Pop.4 129.53 ±17.05 2027.07 ±633.65 70.33 ±34.22 173.85 ±106.02 0.76 ±0.13 30

Pop.5 124.13 ±11.66 2511.00 ±607.99 74.66 ±27.52 160.17 ±81.27 0.74 ±0.10 30

Pop. 6 173.70 ±18.27 3568.83 ±683.81 141.77 ±69.18 642.63 ±579.78 1.07 ±0.15 30

C Sweden

Pop.1 125.27 ±19.62 2299.27 ±664.90 65.87 ±8.63 169.98 ±78.98 0.66 ±0.18 30

Pop.2 107.73 ±20.55 2915.97 ±996.31 70.02 ±11.50 159.69 ±93.22 0.53 ±0.15 30

Pop.3 130.73 ±12.64 2827.90 ±602.50 54.53 ±5.83 176.39 ±75.84 0.52 ±0.15 30

Pop.4 117.87 ±12.07 2163.00 ±637.32 61.01 ±9.20 133.80 ±45.35 0.88 ±0.17 30

Pop.5 107.80 ±13.89 2141.93 ±606.91 62.61 ±7.52 107.11 ±42.49 0.63 ±0.16 30

Pop.6 113.67 ±16.27 2554.10 ±593.16 68.77 ±8.17 121.41 ±48.75 0.66 ±0.14 30

Estonia

Pop.1 128.45 ±20.03 3499.73 ±852.77 57.80 ±9.04 146.71 ±52.84 0.38 ±0.15 30

Pop.2 137.78 ±18.59 3872.33 ±1035.70 65.80 ±6.66 160.32 ±53.06 0.64 ±0.23 30

Pop.3 114.60 ±14.37 3168.00 ±789.87 69.55 ±8.70 98.41 ±38.73 0.69 ±0.23 30

Pop.4 116.67 ±18.24 3277.33 ±1011.68 65.18 ±11.25 143.69 ±74.36 0.70 ±0.26 30

Pop.5 118.31 ±23.22 4019.31 ±1108.46 70.40 ±12.07 166.43 ±111.81 0.80 ±0.24 29

Pop.6 122.73 ±15.98 3667.33 ±656.38 59.40 ±8.93 182.53 ±107.72 0.86 ±0.25 15

Pop.7 126.72 ±14.62 3747.78 ±1079.74 63.25 ±7.31 157.45 ±74.46 0.65 ±0.19 18

S Sweden

Pop.1 131.25 ±26.09 4400.29 ±1560.83 50.52 ±8.86 320.86 ±365.96 0.75 ±0.18 28

Pop.2 131.17 ±17.99 3483.47 ±1492.41 59.98 ±25.40 191.19 ±108.29 1.02 ±0.18 30

Pop.3 87.67 ±12.85 2866.47 ±956.34 78.27 ±15.47 151.18 ±143.31 0.67 ±0.16 30

Pop.4 123.17 ±16.48 3245.93 ±1085.09 60.93 ±10.47 171.94 ±107.80 1.02 ±0.20 30

Pop.5 116.17 ±12.98 3479.43 ±892.91 56.34 ±9.09 168.95 ±68.34 0.96 ±0.20 30

Pop.6 114.00 ±19.18 3170.47 ±1095.29 55.68 ±7.15 167.04 ±72.26 1.06 ±0.22 30

NW Germany

Pop.1 104.97 ±10.72 2403.43 ±537.28 69.63 ±5.07 551.74 ±534.10 0.62 ±0.12 30

Pop.2 113.19 ±13.74 2830.69 ±651.13 62.15 ±7.61 338.57 ±274.91 0.64 ±0.14 29

Pop.3 118.65 ±12.04 3348.57 ±431.79 61.53 ±4.28 359.89 ±235.88 0.48 ±0.12 30

Pop.4 112.76 ±17.51 2495.93 ±792.11 64.38 ±5.35 304.46 ±288.22 0.56 ±0.15 29

Pop.5 106.13 ±16.40 2991.50 ±978.27 63.41 ±8.97 427.48 ±383.55 0.63 ±0.19 30

Pop.6 101.97 ±14.04 2405.33 ±599.07 69.41 ±6.83 283.67 ±247.42 0.42 ±0.08 30

E Germany

Pop.1 111.89 ±13.84 3861.10 ±1105.37 58.64 ±6.55 304.85 ±225.68 0.70 ±0.15 30

Pop.2 113.82 ±16.52 3398.67 ±1361.24 54.35 ±6.84 157.54 ±166.51 0.78 ±0.18 30

Pop.3 108.33 ±18.62 2847.28 ±1122.91 39.15 ±5.97 251.08 ±295.59 1.17 ±0.16 30

Pop.4 119.58 ±19.47 3000.10 ±1304.68 48.82 ±8.25 111.16 ±71.44 1.00 ±0.26 30

Pop.5 121.50 ±22.42 3015.00 ±1064.09 49.19 ±8.46 350.49 ±412.99 1.19 ±0.22 30

Pop.6 94.05 ±16.83 3176.05 ±1197.81 59.54 ±6.54 220.11 ±184.50 0.98 ±0.17 30

Belgium

Pop.1 118.77 ±16.37 2854.35 ±837.90 50.99 ±6.69 138.71 ±71.54 1.13 ±0.19 30

Pop.2 95.02 ±13.22 2412.30 ±782.35 56.52 ±5.82 146.19 ±70.57 0.92 ±0.22 30

Pop.3 108.87 ±15.24 2467.23 ±1061.12 55.25 ±10.43 126.97 ±47.33 0.83 ±0.30 30

Pop.4 114.57 ±22.04 2968.20 ±722.54 53.06 ±5.36 422.94 ±412.75 0.88 ±0.17 30

Pop.5 111.57 ±21.15 2795.77 ±818.19 65.93 ±9.94 189.31 ±148.66 0.57 ±0.19 30

Pop.6 125.38 ±22.77 2801.72 ±882.14 46.50 ±5.35 149.32 ±80.15 0.82 ±0.27 29

France

Pop.1 106.18 ±16.27 2043.97 ±422.24 44.87 ±19.31 121.87 ±51.55 0.67 ±0.15 30

Pop.2 106.28 ±22.49 2357.77 ±923.21 65.29 ±31.66 161.42 ±111.51 1.01 ±0.26 30

Pop.3 97.47 ±15.72 2492.50 ±800.40 76.21 ±43.69 130.88 ±57.77 0.51 ±0.11 30

Pop.4 122.81 ±18.43 3308.33 ±927.07 89.97 ±46.91 422.85 ±436.08 0.88 ±0.23 30

Pop.5 97.45 ±25.96 2197.90 ±739.35 53.12 ±20.07 120.27 ±45.25 0.57 ±0.15 30

Pop.6 101.33 ±12.95 2415.07 ±814.90 47.72 ±24.10 126.73 ±55.90 0.74 ±0.14 30

SW Germany

Pop.1 110.97 ±17.27 2835.93 ±991.76 54.89 ±6.93 182.31 ±154.09 0.81 ±0.26 30

Pop.2 88.32 ±16.90 2467.23 ±686.93 63.88 ±7.90 134.54 ±90.02 0.52 ±0.15 30

Pop.3 89.98 ±19.81 2386.60 ±922.89 62.24 ±11.05 121.49 ±87.31 0.56 ±0.19 30

Pop.4 85.28 ±18.02 2860.20 ±979.42 68.02 ±7.39 119.50 ±114.86 0.71 ±0.19 30

Pop.5 113.83 ±20.52 2458.66 ±844.15 57.54 ±9.10 392.17 ±347.42 0.59 ±0.21 29

Pop.6 105.48 ±16.51 3602.97 ±983.51 64.71 ±9.16 215.88 ±200.31 0.52 ±0.14 30

Italy

Pop.1 70.58 ±14.12 1889.87 ±489.59 75.39 ±12.68 52.80 ±41.03 0.68 ±0.17 30

Pop.2 77.01 ±10.60 2509.23 ±711.90 77.39 ±22.86 121.56 ±134.84 0.53 ±0.14 30

Pop.3 66.02 ±10.07 1679.50 ±419.15 83.24 ±18.45 35.10 ±15.69 0.54 ±0.17 30

Pop.4 68.74 ±13.15 1822.47 ±451.74 81.78 ±19.80 48.66 ±26.83 0.41 ±0.12 30

Pop.5 82.03 ±19.28 2453.50 ±564.04 70.91 ±20.41 63.54 ±37.64 0.55 ±0.29 30

Pop.6 66.40 ±11.40 2034.93 ±534.03 78.58 ±21.49 54.99 ±35.22 0.39 ±0.11 30

Stachys sylvatica

C Sweden

Pop.1 70.73 ±10.52 8811.00 ±1921.95 67.96 ±7.41 166.27 ±53.91 1.62 ±0.22 29

Pop.2 57.95 ±13.16 9169.40 ±2713.67 75.47 ±14.80 169.60 ±73.60 1.69 ±0.23 30

Pop.3 63.13 ±11.15 10182.90 ±1898.20 95.47 ±7.71 131.60 ±73.00 1.64 ±0.23 29

Pop.4 62.28 ±16.28 7683.23 ±2210.71 74.05 ±12.75 155.60 ±93.83 1.66 ±0.23 30

Pop.5 74.03 ±15.54 8277.63 ±1797.53 76.03 ±10.43 91.33 ±52.31 1.20 ±0.21 28

Pop.6 60.67 ±7.95 8975.30 ±1452.25 77.16 ±8.05 130.40 ±48.84 1.59 ±0.17 30

Estonia

Pop.1 58.83 ±10.29 10686.67 ±2726.60 85.85 ±9.89 123.60 ±77.77 1.47 ±0.37 30

Pop.2 57.53 ±8.71 8002.63 ±1219.49 95.34 ±11.23 99.79 ±66.39 1.45 ±0.34 17

Pop.3 62.80 ±9.53 7122.50 ±1870.54 67.06 ±8.56 168.27 ±127.00 1.57 ±0.31 28

Pop.4 61.27 ±9.46 8716.67 ±2160.41 70.35 ±10.22 145.07 ±108.97 1.57 ±0.36 30

Pop.5 66.03 ±11.50 6848.33 ±2586.29 43.21 ±10.27 174.40 ±125.33 1.59 ±0.52 9

Pop.6 68.73 ±11.94 6960.00 ±1443.99 66.76 ±9.93 92.40 ±52.56 1.48 ±0.53 10

S Sweden

Pop.1 67.75 ±17.84 9621.25 ±1973.90 76.07 ±8.20 102.20 ±66.15 1.19 ±0.20 19

Pop.2 93.00 ±14.82 14029.31 ±3852.05 67.64 ±9.73 315.31 ±145.39 1.68 ±0.21 29

Pop.3 44.50 ±6.26 7705.00 ±1218.70 80.34 ±15.36 58.40 ±33.73 1.52 ±0.16 20

Pop.4 70.43 ±18.76 8593.33 ±2762.71 72.03 ±7.56 195.73 ±117.09 1.53 ±0.13 30

Pop.5 57.47 ±9.51 9805.83 ±2049.04 76.52 ±9.51 100.40 ±44.69 1.47 ±0.14 30

Pop.6 61.50 ±13.78 6749.17 ±1755.17 64.54 ±16.51 144.00 ±72.55 1.57 ±0.12 30

NW Germany

Pop.1 48.17 ±15.64 5593.20 ±1860.65 83.22 ±37.07 127.60 ±79.20 1.26 ±0.34 26

Pop.2 64.87 ±13.97 5567.53 ±1607.13 71.32 ±8.71 228.13 ±108.54 1.41 ±0.27 29

Pop.3 63.62 ±14.41 6389.07 ±2241.72 79.96 ±38.84 228.40 ±135.46 1.28 ±0.31 27

Pop.4 55.72 ±12.83 5178.87 ±2142.50 61.15 ±20.47 212.40 ±119.98 1.24 ±0.15 30

Pop.5 63.42 ±12.84 8139.30 ±2492.31 76.15 ±31.54 297.33 ±167.13 1.28 ±0.27 29

Pop.6 68.65 ±16.30 8453.40 ±2304.86 84.90 ±7.20 166.67 ±115.06 1.07 ±0.26 28

E Germany

Pop.1 57.13 ±13.81 8895.40 ±3502.94 81.05±22.59 184.40 ±139.46 1.13 ±0.29 30

Pop.2 66.03 ±11.82 7562.47 ±1898.21 72.86±15.54 209.07 ±122.07 1.43 ±0.25 30

Pop.3 47.03 ±7.30 8095.57 ±1519.35 78.63±10.29 114.13 ±35.29 1.08 ±0.22 29

Belgium

Pop.1 83.63 ±19.30 10635.10 ±3668.87 95.36 ±9.70 280.53 ±191.88 1.36 ±0.14 30

Pop.2 72.53 ±14.31 11344.10 ±3492.93 94.49 ±7.71 226.53 ±110.86 1.23 ±0.27 28

Pop.3 76.87 ±14.88 9253.97 ±2528.29 82.88 ±7.15 299.07 ±192.86 1.23 ±0.24 29

Pop.4 77.40 ±17.36 10575.30 ±2639.26 87.65 ±14.93 281.73 ±170.67 1.45 ±0.18 30

Pop.5 83.17 ±12.14 11658.67 ±3164.72 93.85 ±10.88 159.73 ±106.94 1.08 ±0.29 25

Pop.6 76.37 ±12.35 8228.83 ±1804.98 98.19 ±10.03 124.13 ±76.00 1.28 ±0.23 28

France

Pop.1 66.64 ±9.71 9567.73 ±1675.63 91.26 ±6.66 99.33 ±43.71 1.52 ±0.21 30

Pop.2 52.70 ±14.51 6880.40 ±2480.07 86.05 ±11.59 190.13 ±164.17 1.42 ±0.18 30

Pop.3 65.10 ±17.55 6788.83 ±1874.29 89.07 ±5.96 174.80 ±78.97 1.35 ±0.08 30

Pop.4 81.72 ±13.31 9245.63 ±2348.14 75.55 ±7.45 466.13 ±215.72 1.37 ±0.17 30

Pop.5 55.41 ±10.96 7689.52 ±1213.16 74.89 ±7.20 249.38 ±75.74 1.22 ±0.14 29

Pop.6 58.27 ±11.26 6659.87 ±1674.34 74.93 ±11.51 180.00 ±70.19 1.28 ±0.16 30

SW Germany

Pop.1 69.75 ±12.77 5959.70 ±1608.28 76.95 ±12.65 168.27 ±84.70 1.27 ±0.26 23

Pop.2 57.75 ±10.20 8103.63 ±2150.59 86.22 ±7.65 135.87 ±65.82 1.08 ±0.37 25

Pop.3 65.92 ±12.94 5122.03 ±1464.66 55.85 ±5.88 264.40 ±174.69 0.78 ±0.31 10

Pop.5 70.62 ±11.57 7876.03 ±2187.16 76.20 ±8.17 362.40 ±189.20 0.84 ±0.19 29

Pop.6 49.60 ±9.86 5557.50 ±1181.79 87.57 ±12.72 101.60 ±57.10 1.19 ±0.30 29

Italy

Pop.1 80.20 ±10.27 10174.17 ±2685.47 55.01 ±8.00 942.93 ±412.83 1.31 ±0.25 30

Pop.2 80.28 ±13.03 10312.93 ±3532.63 77.29 ±17.61 367.59 ±256.42 1.21 ±0.35 29

Pop.3 55.30 ±8.89 8732.50 ±2564.72 59.35 ±10.06 420.27 ±298.45 1.30 ±0.31 30

Pop.4 68.00 ±12.15 11425.86 ±3004.03 79.79 ±10.61 249.38 ±100.79 1.51 ±0.19 29

Pop.5 70.30 ±14.19 9172.50 ±3023.63 60.15 ±7.90 324.00 ±228.45 1.32 ±0.25 30

Pop.6 59.60 ±13.39 9122.00 ±2656.55 65.24 ±10.60 113.73 ±48.93 1.18 ±0.41 25