Special Senses Vocabulary Quiz

Answer Choices:

Cataracts: / Dynamic Equilibrium / Chemoreceptor / Rods / Cones / Emmetropia
Presbyopia / Gustatory Cells / Cornea / Ossicles: / Pinna /Auricle: / Prebycusis
Organ of Corti / Color Blindness / Papillae: / Olfactory receptors: / Inner Ear: / Accommodation:
Choroid / Myopia / Mechanoreceptors / Bitter Receptors / Sweet receptors / Convergence
Hyperopia / Glaucoma: / Retina / Middle Ear: / Salty receptors / Sour receptors
Photopupillary Reflex / Conjunctiva: / Tympanic Membrane: / Aqueous Humor

Eye Vocab:

______The ability of the eye to focus specifically on close objects (those less than 20’ away. The image formed on the retina as a result of the light-bending activity of the lens is a real image.

______a clear watery fluid contained in the anterior segment or chamber of the eye. It is similar to blood plasma & is continually secreted by a special area of the choroids. It helps to maintain intraocular pressure & provides nutrients for the lens & cornea that lack a blood supply.

______the hardening & opaque shading of the eye (typically as we age) causing vision to be hazy & can eventually cause blindness.

______the middle coat of the eyeball that is blood rich coat & contains a dark pigment that prevents light from scattering inside the eye.

______Lack of all three cones causes total color blindness, whereas lack of 1 cone type leads to partial color blindness. Most common is the lack of red or green receptors, & is a sex-linked trait inherited from the mother (X chromosome) & occurs almost exclusively in males.

______photoreceptor cells that respond to light found in the retina. There are 3 kinds; each is most sensitive to a particular color of visible light wavelength. 1) responds most vigorously to blue light, 2) to green light, 3) to a range including both red & green light.

______lines the eyelids & covers part of the outer surface of the eyeball. It ends at the edge of the cornea by fusing w/the cornea epithelium. It secretes mucus to help lubricate the eyeball & keep it moist.

______the reflexive movement of the eyes medially when we view close objects.

______the modified central anterior portion of the sclera that is crystal clear to allow light to enter the eye. Contains mostly pain fibers. Is the most exposed part of the eye but repairs itself extremely well.

______“harmonious vision” the eye that focuses images correctly on the retina.

______If drainage of aqueous humor is blocked, pressure w/in the eye increases & begins to compress the delicate retina & optic nerve causing glaucoma, eventually causing pain & possibly blindness. Most common in elderly people, initially no symptoms but later signs include seeing halos around light, headaches, & blurred vision.

______“farsightedness” occurs when the parallel light rays from distant objects are focused behind the retinal. They can see far away objects clearly but near objects are blurry.

______“nearsightedness” Occurs when the parallel light rays from distant objects fail to reach the retina & are focused in front if the retina. They can see close objects but far objects are blurry.

______When the pupils immediately constrict due to sudden exposure to bright light. This reflex prevents excessively bright light from damaging the delicate photoreceptors.

______occurs around the age of 40,results from decreasing lens elasticity that accompanies aging & makes it difficult to focus for close vision; it’s basically farsightedness.

______It contains millions of receptor cells (rods & cones). The innermost sensory tunic of the eye is the delicate white retina, which extends anteriorly only to the ciliary body.

______photoreceptor cells that respond to light found in the retina.

Hearing Vocab:

______receptors found in the semicircular canals reports on angular or rotatory movements of the head in space.

______is a maze of bony chambers called osseous or bony, labyrinth located deep w/in the temporal bone & just behind the eye socket. There are 3 subdivisions 1) the cochlea, 2) the vestibule, & 3) the semicircular canals. The labyrinth is filled w/a plasma-like fluid called perilymph.

______receptors that respond to physical forces of the head that disturb fluids surrounding the balance organs.

______(tympanic cavity) is a small, air-filled cavity w/in the temporal bone. It contains the ossicles, the oval & round windows & the auditory tube.

______contains the hearing receptors or hair cells found w/in the cochlea.

______the 3 smallest bones in the human body which transmit the vibratory motion of the eardrum to the fluids of the inner ear. They include the hammer, the anvil, & the stirrup.

______part of the outer ear is what most people call the “ear”. Its shell shaped & surrounds the auditory canal opening & collects & directs sound waves into the auditory canal in most animals but not in humans.

______: (ear drum)

Taste & Smell Vocab:

______receptors for taste & smell that respond to chemicals in solution. There are 4 types of taste receptors but the olfactory receptors are more sensitive to a wider range of chemicals.

______the specific epithelial cells that respond to chemicals dissolved in the saliva & are surrounded by supporting cells in the taste bud

______receptors for the sense of smell found in the roof of each nasal cavity.

______small peg-like projections on the dorsal surface of the tongue. There are 3 kinds: filiform=sharp;fungiform=rounded; & circular= circumvallate.

There are basically 4 taste sensations each responding to stimulation of 1 of the 4 major types of taste buds.

31. ______respond to substances such as sugars, saccharine, & some amino acids. The common

factor is the hydroxyl (OH-) group. Ex. Sweet n’ Low

32. ______respond to hydrogen ions (H+) or the acidity of the solution. Ex, lemmons

33. ______respond to alkaloids. ex. dark chocolate

34. ______respond to metal ions in solution. Ex. Peanuts, pretzels