Original Context / Metaphor Type / SOURCE DOMAIN / TARGET DOMAIN / MAPPING
When the battle’s lost and won / WINNING
THINGS
CONCEPT
MAGIC
MAGIC / LOSING
THEIR OPPOSITE
COUNTER-CONCEPT
VALUE-CHANGER
AUTHORITY / WINNING IS LOSING
THINGS ARE THEIR OPPOSITE
CONCEPT IS COUNTER-CONCEPT
MAGIC IS VALUE-CHANGER
MAGIC IS AUTHORITY
Fair is foul, and foul is fair[1] / FAIR
CONCEPT
MAGIC
MAGIC / FOUL
COUNTER-CONCEPT
ORDER-INVERTER
AUTHORITY / FAIR IS FOUL
CONCEPT IS COUNTER-CONCEPT
MAGIC IS ORDER-INVERTER
MAGIC IS AUTHORITY
Doubtful it stood,
As two spent swimmers that do cling together(10)
And choke their art[2] / Simile
Personification / BATTLEFIELD
FIGHTERS
FIGHTING
SKILL
LOSING SKILL / SEA
SWIMMERS
COMPETITION
PERSON (SUFFOCATED)
SUFFOCATING / BATTLEFIELD IS SEA
FIGHTERS ARE SWIMMERS
FIGHTING IS A COMPETITION
SKILL IS A PERSON (SUFFOCATED)
LOSING SKILL IS SUFFOCATING
The multiplying villainies of nature
Do swarm[3] upon him... / VILLAINIES
VILLAIN
CATEGORIZATION / INSECTS
VICTIM OF AN INFERIOR SPECIES
MORAL SYSTEM / VILLAINIES ARE INSECTS
VILLAIN IS THE VICTIM OF AN INFERIOR SPECIES
CATEGORIZATION IS A MORAL SYSTEM
And fortune, on his damned quarrel smiling,
Show'd like a rebel's whore, / personification
Simile / FORTUNE
FORTUNE / SMILING-PERSON
LIKE A WHORE / FORTUNE IS A SMILING-PERSON
FORTUNE IS LIKE A WHORE
Macbeth ...
Disdaining fortune, with his brandish'd steel,
Which smoked with bloody execution,(20)
Like valor's minion carved out his passage
/ Metonymy
Idiom
Simile
Personification
Extended creative metaphor / SWORD
EXECUTION
ACTION
COURAGE
SUBJECT OF HEROISM / STEEL
FIRE
HEAT
PERSON (LOVER)
OBJECT OF LOVE OF COURAGE / SWORD IS STEEL
EXECUTION IS FIRE
ACTION IS HEAT
COURAGE IS A PERSON (LOVER)
SUBJECT OF HEROISM IS THE OBJECT OF LOVE OF COURAGE
Till he faced the slave,
Which ne'er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him,
Till he unseam'd him from the nave to the chaps,
And fix'd his head upon our battlements.(25) / ENEMY
OBJECT OF ANIMOSITY
CATEGORIZATION
COMMUNICATION / SLAVE
SOCIAL-INFERIOR
MILITARY SYSTEM
ACTION / ENEMY IS SLAVE
OBJECT OF ANIMOSITY IS A SOCIAL INFERIOR
CATEGORIZATION IS A MILITARY SYSTEM
COMMUNICATION IS ACTION
As whence the sun ’gins his reflection
Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break,
So from that spring whence comfort seem'd to come
Discomfort swells...(30)
/ Simile
personification / WAR
HERO
VICTORY
COMFORT
EMOTION / STORM AND THUNDER
SUN
SPRING
PERSON (COMES)
STRETCHABLE OBJECT / WAR IS A STORM
HERO IS SUN
VICTORY IS SPRING
COMFORT IS A PERSON (COMES)
EMOTION IS A STRETCHABLE OBJECT
No sooner justice had, with valor arm'd,
Compell'd these skipping kerns to trust their heels,
But the Norweyan lord, surveying vantage,
With furbish'd arms ...
Began a fresh assault.(35) / Personification
Resonant metaphor
Metonymy / JUSTICE
COURAGE
MORAL-VALUE
HEELS
OPPORTUNITY
THINKING
MIND
LOADED SWORDS
READINESS
PHYSICAL STATE / SOLDIER (ARMED)
WEAPON
WEAPON
OBJECT OF TRUST
OBJECT
SEEING
EYE
FURBISHED SWORDS
COLOUR ATTRIBUTE BRIGHTNESS
VISUAL ATTRIBUTE / JUSTICE IS A SOLDIER (ARMED)
COURAGE IS A WEAPON
MORAL VALUE IS A WEAPON
HEELS ARE THE OBJECT OF TRUST
OPPORTUNITY IS AN OBJECT
THINKING IS SEEING
MIND IS EYE
LOADED SWORDS ARE FURBISHED SWORDS
READINESS IS COLOUR-ATTRIBUTE
PHYSICAL STATE IS A VISUAL ATTRIBUTE
As sparrows eagles, or the hare the lion... (40)
/ simile
animal attribute
animal attribute / SUBJECT OF HEROISM
OBJECT OF ANIMOSITY
FIGHTING / EAGLE/LION
SPARROW/HARE
PREDATION / SUBJECT OF HEROISM IS AN EAGLE/LION
OBJECT OF ANIMOSITY IS SPARROW/HARE
FIGHTING IS PREDATION
As cannons overcharged with double cracks[4],
So they
Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe / simile / SUBJECT OF HEROISM
ENTHUSIASM / WEAPONRY
AN EXPLOSIVE / SUBJECT OF HEROISM IS WEAPONRY
ENTHUSIASM IS AN EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL INSIDE THE WEAPON
Except they meant to bathe[5] in reeking wounds,
/ hyperbole/overstatement
‘reeking’ is ‘smoking’, ‘reeking wounds’ is resonant metaphor
‘reeking wounds’ metonymy for ‘fresh wounds’ / BATTLEFIELD
FIGHTING
BLOOD
LIFE
FRESH WOUNDS
ACTION / SEA
SWIMMING
SEAWATER
HEAT
REEKING WOUNDS
FIRE / BATTLEFIELD IS SEA
FIGHTING IS SWIMMING
BLOOD IS SEAWATER
LIFE IS HEAT
FRESH WOUNDS ARE REEKING WOUNDS
ACTION IS FIRE
Or memorize another Golgotha[6],(45)
I cannot tell—
But I am faint; my gashes cry for help. / Biblical reference
personification / WOUNDS
WOUND / CRY FOR HELP
PERSON / WOUNDS CRY FOR HELP
WOUND IS A PERSON
So well thy words become thee as thy wounds;
They smack of honor both / personification
simile
strongly resonant / WORDS
HONOUR
CONCEPTUALIZING
MIND / FOOD
APPETIZER
TASTING
ORGAN OF TASTE / WORDS ARE FOOD
HONOUR IS APPETIZER
CONCEPTUALIZING IS TASTING
MIND IS THE ORGAN OF TASTE
What a haste looks through his eyes! ...
That seems to speak things strange / resonant metaphor
confusing the organ of seeing for the organ of moving / HASTE
MOTION
EYE
ORGAN OF SEEING
LOOKING
ORGAN OF SEEING
LOOKING
EYE / AN EYE ATTRIBUTE
VISUAL PERCEPTION
LEG
MOVEMENT ORGAN
MOVING
SPEECH ORGAN
SPEAKING
MOUTH / HASTE IS AN EYE ATTRIBUTE
MOTION IS A VISUAL PERCEPTION
EYE IS LEG
ORGAN OF SEEING IS THE ORGAN OF MOVING
LOOKING IS MOVING
SEEING ORGAN IS SPEECH ORGAN
LOOKING IS SPEAKING
EYE IS MOUTH
God save the King! / Biblical Reference[7] / Royalty
From Fife...
Where the Norweyan banners flout the sky
And fan our people cold. [8] / personification
metonymy / BANNERS
DEITY
ENERGY
ENTHUSIASM
EMOTION
NATIONAL CAUSE / DISOBEDIENT
SKY
HEAT-GENERATOR
HEAT
DEGREE OF TEMPERATURE
SACRED MISSION / BANNERS ARE DISOBEDIENT
DEITY IS SKY
ENERGY IS HEAT-GENERATOR
ENTHUSIASM IS HEAT
EMOTION IS THE DEGREE OF TEMPERATURE
NATIONAL STRUGGLE IS SACRED MISSION
Norway himself... began a dismal conflict, / Metonymy / KING OF NORWAY
POWER / NORWAY
BE-ALL / KING OF NORWAY IS NORWAY
POWER IS THE BE-ALL
Till that Bellona's bridegroom, lapp'd in proof,
Confronted him ...,(65)
/ Mythological Reference[9]
creative extension / SUBJECT OF HEROISM
NATIONAL CAUSE
VICTORY
PROOF (TRUTH)
VERITY / DEITY
SACRED MISSION
WEDDING
ARMOUR
GARMENT / SUBJECT OF HEROISM IS A DEITY
NATIONAL CAUSE IS SACRED MISSION
VICTORY IS A WEDDING
PROOF IS AN ARMOUR
VERITY IS A GARMENT
Curbing his lavish spirit; and...,
The victory fell on us. / creative metaphor (victory is rain that falls from the sky) / REBEL
REBELLION
VICTORY / ANIMAL
LUSTFULNESS
BLESSING / REBEL IS AN ANIMAL
REBELLION IS LUSTFULNESS
VICTORY IS A BLESSING
the Norways’ king, craves composition;(70)
Nor would we deign him burial of his men
Till he disbursed, Ten thousand dollars .. / SUBJECT OF VICTORY
OBJECT OF DEFEAT
CATEGORIZATION
CATEGORIZATION / SUPERIOR
SOCIAL INFERIOR
MILITARY SYSTEM
INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM / SUBJECT OF VICTORY IS AN AUTHORITY
THE OBJECT OF DEFEAT IS A SOCIAL INFERIOR
CATEGORIZATION IS MILITARY
CATEGORIZATION IS AN INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
No more that Thane of Cawdor shall deceive
Our bosom interest. / metonymy
personification / DEAR INTERESTS
INTERESTS / BOSOM INTERESTS
OBJECT OF DECEPTION / DEAR INTERESTS ARE BOSOM INTERESTS
INTERESTS ARE THE OBJECT OF DECEPTION
What he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won. / TITLE/POWER / POSSESSION / TITLE IS POSSESSION
the rump-fed ronyon cries.
I will drain him dry as hay:
Hang upon his penthouse lid;
He shall live a man forbid.
Shall he dwindle, peak, and pine; / metonymy
metonymy
simile / FAT
EYELID
DEAD / RUMP FED
PENTHOUSE LID
DRY AS HAY / FAT IS RUMP-FED
PENTHOUSE LID
DEAD IS DRY AS HAY
So foul and fair a day I have not seen. / DAY
MAGIC / HAS AN AESTHETIC VALUE
CONCEPTUAL CONTRADICTION / DAY HAS AN AESTHETIC VALUE
MAGIC IS CONCEPTUAL CONTRADICTION
What are these(40)
/ STRANGENESS
CATEGORIZATION / ATTRIBUTE OF OBJECTS
IDENTIFICATION / STRANGENESS IS AN ATTRIBUTE OF OBJECTS
CATEGORIZATION IS IDENTIFICATION
So wither'd (wrinkled), and so wild in their attire,
/ PERSON
OLD AGE
CLOTHES / PLANT
WITHERING
CATEGORY-ATTRIBUTE / A PERSON IS A PLANT
OLD AGE IS WITHERING
CLOTHES ARE CATEGORY ATTRIBUTE
That look not like the inhabitants o’ the earth,
And yet are on't? Live you? / metonymy / HUMAN-BEINGS
LIFE
LIFE / INHABITANTS OF THE EARTH
CATEGORY ATTRIBUTE / HUMAN-BEINGS ARE INHABITANTS OF THE EARTH
LIFE IS A CATEGORY ATTRIBUTE
or are you aught (anything)
That man may question? / CATEGORIZATION
CATEGORIZING / IDENTIFICATION
QUESTIONING / CATEGORIZATION IS IDENTIFICATION
CATEGORIZING IS QUESTIONING
You seem to understand me,
By each at once her choppy finger laying(45)
Upon her skinny lips. / metonymy
metonymy / COMMUNICATION
OLD
OLD AGE
UGLY
BEAUTY / PHYSICAL GESTURE
SKIN-CHOPPED
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE
SKINNY-LIPPED
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE / COMMUNICATION IS A PHYSICAL GESTURE
OLD IS SKIN-CHOOPED
OLD AGE IS A PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE
UGLY IS SKINNY-LIPPED
BEAUTY IS A PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE
You should be women,
And yet your beards forbid me to interpret
That you are so. / WOMEN
GENDER
CATEGORY / BREADLESS
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE
HAS PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES / WOMEN ARE BEARDLESS
GENDER IS A PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE
A CATEGORY HAS PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
Speak, if you can. What are you? / CATEGORIZATION / IDENTIFICATION / CATEGORIZATION IS IDENTIFICATION
All hail, Macbeth! hail to[10] thee, Thane of Glamis!(50) / Biblical reference/ symbol / WORDS / WEAPON / WORDS ARE A WEAPON
why do you ... fear
Things that do sound so fair? / FAIRNESS / OUTWARD / FAIRNESS IS OUTWARD
Are ye fantastical or that indeed
Which outwardly ye show? / VALIDITY
FANTASY
TRUTH / AN OBJECT
OUTWARD
INWARD / VALIDITY IS AN OBJECT WITH AN OUTWARD AND AN INWARD
FANTASY IS THE OUTWARD
TRUTH IS THE INWARD
My noble partner
You greet with present grace and great prediction
Of noble having and of royal hope,
That he seems rapt withal. / personification
personification / TITLE/POWER
POSSESSION
HOPE
ASTONISHMENT / POSSESSION
NOBLE
ROYAL
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY / POWER IS POSSESSION
POSSESSION IS NOBLE
HOPE IS ROYAL
ASTONISHMENT IS PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
If you can look into the seeds of time,
And say which grain will grow and which will not[11],
Speak then to me.. / Biblical reference / TIME
EVENTS / PLANT
SEEDS / TIME IS A PLANT
EVENTS ARE SEEDS
Lesser than Macbeth, and greater. / RANK / QUANTITATIVE / RANK IS QUANTITATIVE
to be King
Stands not within the prospect of belief,
.... Say from whence
You owe this strange intelligence, or why
... you stop our way (80)
With such prophetic greeting? / idiom / KNOWLEDGE
PROPHECY
KNOWING
MIND / POSSESSION
SEEING FUTURE
SEEING
EYE / KNOWLEDGE IS POSSESSION
PROPHECY IS SEEING THE FUTURE
KNOWING IS SEEING
MIND IS EYE
The earth hath bubbles as the water has,
And these are of them. Whither are they vanish'd / simile / EARTH
WITCHES / WATER
BUBBLES / THE EARTH IS WATER
THE WITCHES ARE BUBBLES
Into the air, and what seem'd corporal melted
As breath into the wind.!(85) / simile
extended creative / REALITY
DISAPPEARING
FANTASY
REALITY / SOLID OBJECT
MELTING
BREATH
WIND / REALITY IS A SOLID OBJECT
DISAPPEARING IS MELTING
FANTASY IS BREATH
REALITY IS WIND
have we eaten on the insane root[12]
That takes the reason prisoner? / personification / INSANITY
MIND / IMPRISONMENT
PRISONER / INSANITY IS IMPRISONMENT
MIND IS PRISONER
when he reads
Thy personal venture in the rebels’ fight,(95)
His wonders and his praises do contend
Which should be thine or his. ... / personification / THINKING
MIND
ASTONISHMENT / READING
MOUTH
ARGUES WITH PRAISE / THINKING IS READING
MIND IS MOUTH
ASTONISHMENT ARGUES WITH PRAISE
Silenced with this / ASTONISHMENT
EMOTION / SILENCE
INACTIVITY / ASTONISHMENT IS SILENCE
EMOTION IS INACTIVITY
He finds thee in the stout Norweyan ranks, / STRENGTH / WEIGHT / STRENGTH IS WEIGHT
Strange images of death. As thick as hail
Came post with post, and every one did bear
Thy praises ...
And pour'd them down before him. / simile
conduit metaphor
resonant (pouring news)
creative extension / QUANTITY
NEWS
NEWS
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATING
NEWS / THICKNESS (SIZE)
RAIN
LIGHT OBJECTS
CONDUIT
POURING
LIQUID / QUANTITY IS THICKNESS
NEWS IS RAIN
NEWS ARE LIGHT OBJECTS
COMMUNICATION IS A CONDUIT
COMMUNICATING IS POURING
NEWS ARE LIQUIDS
We are sent(105)
Only to herald thee into his sight,
Not pay thee. / SIGHT
VISUAL OBJECT
SEEING / CONTAINER
INSIDE THE CONTAINER
LETTING OBJECTS INSIDE THE CONTAINER / SIGHT IS A CONTAINER
VISUAL OBJECT IS INSIDE THE CONTAINER
SEEING IS LETTING THE OBJECT INSIDE THE CONTAINER
What, can the devil speak true? / UNIDENTIFIED CREATURE / METAPHYSICAL INFERIOR / AN UNIDENTIFIED CREATURE IS A METAPHYSICAL INFERIOR
The Thane of Cawdor lives. Why do you dress me
In borrow'd robes?(115) / TITLE/AUTHORITY
TITLE / ROBE
POSSESSION / AUTHORITY IS A ROBE
TITLE IS A POSITION
Who was the Thane lives yet,
But under heavy judgement bears that life
Which he deserves to lose. / LIFE
LIFE
JUDGEMENT / AN OBJECT
POSSESSION
WEIGHT / LIFE IS AN OBJECT
LIFE IS POSSESSION
JUDGEMENT IS WEIGHT
Whether he was combined
With those of Norway, or did line the rebel
With hidden help and vantage, ...
He labor'd in his country's wreck, I know not; / ALLIANCE
SUPPORT
COUNTRY
INVASION / GATHERING
ORIENTATION/LINE
CONSTRUCTION
DEMOLISHING FORCE / ALLIANCE IS GATHERING
SUPPORT IS AN ORIENTATION/LINE
COUNTRY IS A CONSTRUCTION
INVASION IS A DEMOLISHING FORCE
But treasons capital, confess'd and proved,
Have overthrown him. / personification / TREASONS
EMPOWER
DEPOWERING / OVERTHROW
SEATING
THROWING OFF / TREASONS OVERTHROW
EMPOWERING IS SEATING
DEPOWERING IS THROWING OFF
The greatest is behind. / resonant metaphor[13] / FUTURE / BACK ORIENTATION / THE FUTURE IS BACK ORIENTATION
That, trusted home, (130)
Might yet enkindle you unto the crown, / AMBITION / FIRE / AMBITION IS FIRE
But ...to win us to our harm,
The instruments of darkness tell us truths,
...with honest trifles, to betray's(135)
In deepest consequence— / metonymy
an extended Biblical image / VICE
COLOUR
WITCHES
MAN
VALIDITY
TRUTH
BETRAYAL / DARKNESS
MORAL VALUE
INSTRUMENT OF DARKNESS
OBJECT OF STRUGGLE
AN OBJECT
INWARD
CONCEALING THE INWARD / VICE IS DARKNESS
COLOUR HAS A MORAL VALUE
WITCHES ARE INSTRUMENTS OF DARKNESS
MAN IS THE OBJECT OF STRUGGLE BETWEEN FORCES OF EVIL AND FORCES OF GOOD
VALIDITY IS AN OBJECT
TRUTH IS INWARD
BETRAYAL IS CONCEALING THE INWARD
Two truths are told,
As happy prologues to the swelling act