Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline Articulations and Muscular System

Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – Articulations and Muscular System

ARTICULATIONS and MUSCULAR SYSTEM

PART #1 – ARTICULATIONS

1.Introduction

A.Articulation C.Kinesiology

B.Arthrology D.Rheumatology

2.Structural Classifications for Joints

A.Fibrous Joints

•Dense Regular Connective Tissue

i.Suture

ii.Gomphosis

a.Periodontal ligament

iii.Ligament

B.Cartilaginous Joints

i.Symphysis

a.Symphesis pubis

b.Annulus fibrosis of Intervertebral disk

ii.Synchondroses

a.Costal Cartilages

b.Epiphyseal plates (Growth plates)

C.Synovial Joints

i.Anatomical Characteristics

a.Synovial Cavity

b.Articular Capsule

•Synovial Membrane

*Synovial Fluid (SF)

•Fibrous Capsule

c.Articular Cartilage

d.Accessory Ligaments

•Extracapsular Ligaments

•Intracapsular Ligaments

e.Menisci

f.Bursae

g.Fat Pad

iv.Synovial Joint Movements Note: Know all examples given in class in preparation for the lab practical. See your text as well for support)

a.Gliding

b.Angular

•Flexion

•Extension

•Hyperextension

*Examples: antebrachium, lower leg, vertebral column, cervical vertebrae

•Abduction

•Adduction

*Examples: arm, leg

c.Rotation (example: rotation of arm)

•Medial Rotation

•Lateral Rotation

d.Circumduction (example: glenohumeral joint, coxal joint

e.Special

•.Inversion (Example: feet)

•Eversion (Example: feet)

•Dorsiflexion (Example: feet)

•Plantar Flexion (Example: feet)

•Protraction (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle, head)

•Retraction (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle, head)

•Supination (Example: palms of hand)

•Pronation (Example: palms of hand)

•Elevation (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle)

•Depression (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle)

4.Major Body Articulations

A.Humeroscapular (Shoulder) Joint

i.Articular Capsule

ii.Coracohumeral Ligament

iii.Glenohumeral Ligaments

iv.Transverse Humeral Ligament

a.Subscapular bursa

b.Subdeltoid bursa

c.Subacromial bursa

d.Subcoracoid bursa

e.subacromial bursa.

B.Coxal (Hip) Joint

i.Articular Capsule

ii.Iliofemoral Ligament

iii.Pubofemoral Ligament

iv.Ischiofemoral Ligament

v.Capitate Ligament

vi.Acetabular Labrum

C.Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint

i.“Sub-Joints”

a.Intermediate Patellofemoral

b.Lateral Tibiofemoral Joint

c.Medial Tibiofemoral Joint

ii.Articular Discs

a.Medial Meniscus

b.Lateral Meniscus

•Transverse Ligament

•Coronary Ligaments

iii.Intraarticular Ligaments

a.Tibial Collateral Ligament

b.Fibular Collateral Ligament

c.Anterior Cruciate Ligament

d.Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

iv.Articular Capsule

v.Anterior Accessory Ligaments

a.Medial and Lateral Patellar Retinacula

b.Patellar Ligament

vi.Posterior Accessory Ligaments

a.Oblique Popliteal Ligament

b.Arcuate Popliteal Ligament

vii.Bursae

a.Anterior Bursae

•Prepatellar Bursa

•Infrapatellar Bursa

•Suprapatellar Bursa

b.Medial bursae

c.Lateral Bursae

PART #2 – MUSCULAR SYSTEM

1.Introduction

A.Muscle Tissue

B.Muscular System

2.Muscular Orientation

A.Origin

B.Insertion

C.Belly (Gaster)

3.Group Actions

A.Agonists

B.Antagonists

C.Synergists

D.Fixators

4.Naming of Skeletal Muscles - (Memorization of these examples in not encouraged. But when you see a muscle name, you are expected to be able to identify what information is inherent within the name)

A.Direction of Fibers

i.Terminology

•Rectus•Transverse

•Oblique•Orbicularis

ii.Examples (What is the direction of the fascicles for each muscle?)

•Rectus abdominis•External Oblique

•Transverse abdominis•Orbicularis oculi

B.Location

i.Examples (The name communicates what location?)

•Temporalis•Frontalis

•Occipitalis•Pectoralis Minor

•External Intercostals•Internal Intercostals

•Iliacus•Orbicularis oris

C.Number of Origins

i.Examples (The name communicates how many origins?)

•Biceps Brachii•Triceps Brachii

D.Shape

i.Examples (The following muscles will have what shapes?)

•Deltoid•Rhomboideus Major

•Serratus Anterior•Trapezius

E.Origin and Insertion

i.Examples (Identify the origin and/or insertion of each)

•Sternocleidomastoid •Supraspinatus

•Choracobrachialis •Infraspinatus

F.Action

i.Examples (What are the actions for each muscle below?)

•Massater (Mastication = chewing)

•Levator Scapulae •Depressor Labii Inferioris

•Adductor Magnus•Pronator teres

PART #3 – Muscles and Groups - Pull out Muscle Groups Handout

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