Endoplasmic Reticulum/ Golgi apparatus:

  1. What membrane bound structure makes sure that the proteins processed in the ER and Golgi apparatus never touches the Cytoplasm?
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Vacuoles
  4. Vesicles
  5. Lysosomes
  6. Nucleolus
  7. How does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum vary in structure from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

The Smooth ER and Rough ER are not extremely different. They both have cisternae and surround the nucleus. The only difference between them is whether or not the ribosomes are attached to their outer surface, thus appearing rough underneath the microscope. Smooth ER does not have any ribosomes attached to its surface, thus appearing smooth.

  1. Why is the lumen significant?

The lumen carries the proteins as they are modified further in the Golgi Apparatus to each of the Ribosomes, without letting it touch the cytoplasm, much like the Vesicles. It prevents them from being denatured or affected by the cytoplasm.

  1. In what kind of cells is the Golgi apparatus found in?
  2. Eukaryotic
  3. Prokaryotic
  4. Archaic
  5. A&B
  6. None of the Above
  7. Where do the Vesicles that bud off the ER take the processed proteins?
  8. Trans Cisternae
  9. Cisternae
  10. Cell membrane
  11. Cytoplasm
  12. Cis Cisternae

Nucleus:

  1. In what kind of cells is Euchromatin found in?
  2. Prokaroytic
  3. Plant cells
  4. Eukaryotic
  5. A&C
  6. None of the Above
  7. Who discovered Ribosomes?
  8. Camillo Golgi
  9. Charles Darwin
  10. Idunno Whathisnameis
  11. Carolus Linnaeus
  12. George Palade
  13. What are the parts of the Nucleus?

The Nuclear Membrane, Nuclear Lamina, Nucleoplasm, Chromatin, Nucleoli, and within the Nucleolus- Ribosomes.

  1. Why are Ribosomes significant?

Ribosomes are significant because they translate the RNA copies of the DNA needed to make proteins, and they also produce proteins for cells. The proteins are the building blocks of the cell, and thus the production of proteins is highly necessary.

  1. Build a Nucleus with:

Nucleolus

A Nuclear Envelope

Chromatin

Nuclear Pores

Something similar to this except without the ER

Power stations:

  1. How could the Mitochondria related to bacteria?

Mitochondria could be related to early bacteria according to the Endosymbiotic theory. They have their own DNA, unlike other organelles. This can be traced back to the earliest bacteria from your mother’s side.

  1. How do Mitochondria contrast with Chloroplasts?

Mitochondria use CO2 to create ATP, and produce wastes while Chloroplasts convert light into energy and CO2 into Sugar

  1. Mitochondria can be traced back generations on:
  2. The species’ side
  3. The father’s side
  4. The Brother’s side
  5. The Mother’s side
  6. The Sister’s side
  7. Chloroplasts are found in:
  8. Plants
  9. Animals
  10. Both Plants and Animal
  11. Fungi
  12. Green things.
  13. Chromoplasts, like carotene, are designed to attract:
  14. People
  15. Caterpillars
  16. Pollinators
  17. Fruits
  18. No clue

Vacuoles and Lysosomes:

  1. How do Vacuoles contrast with Lysosomes?

Vacuoles store materials such as water and food to maintain homeostasis, or provide energy or retain the cell shape, where as Lysosomes store enzymes that aid in breaking down of food materials and harmful or unnecessary items such as H2O2 or viruses and such.

  1. Why are Vacuoles significant?

Vacuoles aid in waste treatment and also food storage and maintaining homeostasis. Without them the cell couldn’t survive. It would either burst due to excess water that it could not excrete. Not retain its shape because it wasn’t able to store water, or finally die due to lack of food, as it could not store it.

  1. Why are Lysosomes significant?

They store digestive enzymes for later use. They aid in digestion of material, such as food, viruses, bacteria, and unneeded cellular material. Without them, the cell would have trouble surviving.

  1. What is the function of a Contractile Vacuole?
  2. To aid in movement
  3. To maintain homeostasis
  4. To get rid of excess water
  5. All of the Above
  6. To make contracts
  7. What is the difference in function between Peroxisomes and Proteasomes?

The Peroxiosomes aid in decomposition of H2O2 into Water and Oxygen. This is vital for the cell asH2O2is poisonous for the cell.

The Proteasomes degrade unnecessary or faulty proteins and break them down into peptides.

Cytoskeleton:

  1. Why are Microtubules significant?

They allow for movement to occur within the cell. They help in Cytokenisis, which allows for more cells to be produced. They help retain the shape of a cell, without it, plant cells would have trouble retaining their shape. And Finally they allow for muscles to contract in animals.

  1. What does the Cytoskeleton help with?
  2. Motility
  3. Rigidity
  4. Cytokenesis
  5. All of the Above
  6. None of the Above
  7. Classify according to levels:

Bundle

Monomer

Sheet

Tetramer

Diamer

MonomerDiamerTetramerSheetBundle

  1. How are Microtubules an example of protein structures/levels?

They are organized into Levels much like the Proteins. They have monomers, (amino acid) Diamer (the start of the chain) Tetramer (primary structure), Sheet (secondary structure) and finally Bundle (tertiary structure).

  1. Describe how Microtubules aid in Cytokenesis, or cell division.

They guide the duplicated chromosomes into the two different parts so they can be divided evenly.