1
NAME______KEY______
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY EXAM
November 6, 2001
I.FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, INDICATE THE LETTER THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE BEST OR MOST LIKELY ANSWER.
1.Erythrocytes shown in the peripheral blood smear below are best described as
A.spherocytes.
*Bhypochromic.
C.target cells.
D.sickle cells.
E.poikilocytes.
2.At eight months gestation, the primary site for hemopoiesis is the
A.spleen.
B.yolk sac.
*C.red bone marrow.
D.liver.
E.yellow bone marrow.
3.The diagram below shows only nuclear shapes of neutrophils at succeeding stages (A - E) of development. Which nuclear profile represents the last cell stage capable of mitosis?
B
4.Azurophilic granules in neutrophils characteristically contain
A.ADP.
*B.acid phosphatase.
C.major basic protein.
D.heparin.
E.peroxidase.
5.Serum contains
A.fibrinogen.
B.erythrocytes.
C.platelets.
*D.gamma globulins.
E.leukocytes.
6.Reticulocytes
*A.would be depressed in a patient without kidneys who was awaiting a transplant.
B.appear smaller and more eosinophilic than mature RBC’s in routine blood smears.
C.contain a reticulum of hemoglobin after supravital staining.
D.are present in normal percentages during adjustment to high altitude.
E.generally mature within 1 hour after entering the peripheral circulation.
7.In a normal adult, mature erythrocytes
A.stain eosinophilic because they contain numerous mitochondria.
*B.do not synthesize hemoglobin.
C.are normally found at a concentration of about 6 x 106 cells/ml of blood.
D.are phagocytic.
E.can freely enter connective tissue throughout the body by diapedesis from capillaries.
8.An article in the October 2001 issue of Haematologica reports the results of experiments designed to identify alterations in function of bone marrow stroma responsible for the defects in hematopoiesis in a syndrome called myelodysplasia (MDS).
In this study, investigators obtained bone marrow stromal cells from normal and MDS patients and placed them in culture with nutrient medium. After 5 days, the medium was removed from the cultures and retained. The recovered medium and the cultured cells were then tested separately for their effect on normal, purified CD34+ cells. Medium recovered from both normal and MDS stromal cultures showed approximately 10-fold activation of CD34+ cells, relative to unconditioned control medium.
In contrast, when CD34+ cells were placed directly on the stromal cells in unconditioned medium, significant apoptosis of the CD34+ cells occurred when they were added to stroma from MDS patients, but no apoptosis was seen when CD34+ cells were added to stroma from normal patients. Which of the following conclusions is/are justified by all of these experimental results?
A.In MDS, the major defects in hematopoiesis result from deleterious effects on megakaryocytes.
*B.Interactions between surface receptors of stem cells and stromal cells differ between normal and MDS patients.
C.CD34+ cells in MDS patients are normal.
D.B and C
E.A and C
9.In large arteries, vasa vasorum may be found in
A.tunica intima.
B.tunica media.
C.tunica adventitia.
*D.both B and C.
E.A, B and C.
10.While taking the medical history of a 58-year-old man, you learn that he has been diagnosed with Marfan’s syndrome, a connective tissue disorder that is caused by a mutation of the gene encoding fibrillin resulting in destabilization of microfibrils. His physical exam revealed high blood pressure, but his lab tests for metabolic functions, including blood lipid profile, were normal. You are concerned for him because patients with this syndrome are at high risk for
A.an angiosarcoma.
B.a hemangiopericytoma.
C.atherosclerosis.
D.arteriosclerosis.
*E.an aneurysm.
11.The vessels that become occluded during a major heart attack are located within the
A.endocardium.
B.subendocardium.
C.myocardium.
*D.epicardium.
E.parietal pericardium.
12.The basal lamina may be either absent or incomplete in
A.fenestrated capillaries.
*B.sinusoids.
C.arterioles.
D. large veins.
E.continuous capillaries.
13.Red blood cells in the splenic cords of Billroth return to the general circulation by first entering
A. continuous capillaries.
B.penicillar vessels.
C.trabecular veins.
*D.sinusoids.
E.sheathed capillaries.
14.Regions that are enriched in B-lymphocytes include
A.thymic lobules.
*B.lymphoid nodules within a tonsil.
C.the paracortical region of lymph nodes.
D.the periarteriolar sheaths within the spleen.
E.all of the above.
15.A fluorescent-labeled antibody that reacts with a receptor found exclusively on the endothelial
cells of high endothelial venules was injected into the main artery supplying a lymph node prior
to preparation for histological analysis. Observation of sections of this node revealed that most
label was located in the
A.hilus.
B.medullary cords.
C.medullary sinuses.
*D.cortical region.
E.subcapsular sinus.
16.In order to eliminate virally-infected cells, which of the following cell surface antigens are recognized by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes?
A.Class I Major Histocompatability Complex antigens
B.Class II Major Histocompatability Complex antigens
C.Viral antigens
*D.A and C
E.B and C
17.An individual is sensitized to poison ivy. Upon a second exposure, a rash develops at the
exposed site. The predominant cells responsible for this reaction are
A.B-lymphocytes.
B.macrophages.
C.mast cells.
D.neutrophils.
*E.T-lymphocytes.
18.Elevated levels of IgE are bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils in individuals suffering from hayfever. Upon exposure to the allergen, the surface-bound IgE molecules become cross-linked and induce degranulation, resulting in the release of histamine. This sequence of events is characteristic of
A.allograft rejection.
B.contact sensitivity.
C.delayed-type hypersensitivity.
*Dimmediate hypersensitivity.
E.non-specific immunity.
19.Non-self proteins are processed so that certain regions of the degraded proteins, termed epitopes, stimulate immune responses. This processing of the proteins occurs in/on the
A.cell surface.
*B.endosomal compartment.
C.Golgi apparatus.
D.smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
E.rough endoplasmic reticulum.
20.Which of the following interleukins acts in an autocrine manner in the generation of helper
T-lymphocytes?
A.IL-1
*B.IL-2
C.IL-4
D.IL-6
E.IL-12
II.IN THE FOLLOWING SECTION, NOTE THAT THE CORRECT ANSWER IS
THE STATEMENT THAT IS LEAST LIKELY.
21.Characteristics of bone marrow sinuses include all of the following EXCEPT that they
A.are lined by a continuous endothelium.
B.are mostly derived from the blood supply of cortical bone.
*C.have a covering of megakaryocytes on the non-lumenal side.
D.allow both entry and exit of cells.
E.line the marrow parenchyma.
22.Helper T-lymphocytes are required for all of the following EXCEPT
A.activation of B-lymphocytes.
B.allograft rejection.
C.elimination of virally-infected cells.
D.generation of memory T-lymphocytes.
*E.phagocytosis.
23.All of the following are characteristic of the mature cells from which platelets are derived EXCEPT
A.polyploidy.
B.demarcation membranes.
C.prominent cytoplasmic granules.
D.cytoplasmic processes located within a bone marrow sinusoid.
*E.a diameter of about 12-15m.
24.Which of the following cell types has the LEAST condensed chromatin?
A.Basophil
*B.Monocyte
C.Eosinophil
D.Neutrophil
E.Lymphocyte
25.All of the following are true of the spleen EXCEPT that it
A.contains sinusoids.
B.filters blood.
*C.has both afferent and efferent lymphatics.
D.has lymphoid nodules.
E.has trabecular veins.
26.In an individual born with agammaglobulinemia i.e., the inability to mount antibody-mediated
immune responses, all of the following would occur EXCEPT
A.allograft rejection.
B.contact sensitivity.
C.graft versus host disease.
*D.immediate hypersensitivity.
E.phagocytosis.
27.All of the following are characteristic of pluripotent hematopoetic stem cells EXCEPT that
they
A.are similar to lymphocytes in appearance.
B.self-replicate.
C.differentiate into either CFU-S or CFU-Ly cells.
*D.are confined to bone marrow.
E.constitute <1% of nucleated cells in bone marrow.
III.MATCH THE NUMBERED STATEMENTS BELOW WITH THE LETTERED
OPTIONS A-E. EACH ANSWER MAY BE USED ONCE, MORE THAN ONCE
OR NOT AT ALL.
Select the type of vessel that is best described by each of the following statements.
A.Large conducting or elastic artery
B.Medium, muscular, or distributing artery
C.Small artery or arteriole
D.Venule
E.Large vein
28.Contains a tunica media, dominated by smooth muscle cells, that is bound by an inner and often an outer elastic lamina.
B
29.Class of vessels that are the preferred site for diapedesis.
D
30.Main site of response to signals from the autonomic nervous system for regulating blood flow to specific regions of the body.
C
Use the list of organs (A – E) to match the phrases below. (Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.)
A. Thymus, lymph node and spleen
B. Thymus and lymph node
C. Lymph node and spleen
D. Thymus and spleen
E Thymus
31.Enclosed by a connective tissue capsule
A
32.Characterized by lymphatic nodules
C
33.Characterized by cortical and medullary regions
B
34.Stroma derived from endoderm
E
35.Lymphoid organ(s) in which macrophages are found in the parenchyma.
A
36.Characterized by reticular fibers throughout the stroma
C
IV.DIAGRAMS
Use the structures that are labeled in the diagram (not drawn to scale) to answer the questions below.
37.Smooth muscle is found
in the tunica media of
A.A only.
B.B only.
C. E only.
D. A and B.
*E.A, B and E.
38.Which vessel(s) normally has/have large bundles of smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia?
A.A only
B.B only
*C. E only
D. A and E
E.A and B
39.Which statement is correct?
A.When X is closed, C becomes a portal system.
*B.Flow through X is regulated via smooth muscle.
C.Flow in D increases when X is open.
D.X lacks a tunica intima.
E.When B is closed, X becomes a portal system.
40.Ben and Ken are brothers living as depicted in the diagram above for the last two years. Five hematocrit tubes of blood are shown below, with the reticulocyte percentages indicated. Which blood sample (A –E) was most likely taken from Ben?
C
A B C D E
0.8% 5%0.8% 0.8% 5%
Retics. Retics.Retics. Retics. Retics.
41.Which blood sample (A – E) was most likely taken from their sister Gen who lived down the street from Ken?
A