Table S1: Details of the 109 populations for which HVSI sequences were downloaded from the HVRBase++. The population names presented here are the same originally used in the database.

Population / Region / n / Latitude / Longitude / Dist Africa / Min Temp / HVSI diversity
Abazinians / Caucasus / 23 / 44.1 / 42 / 7223 / -5.8 / 4.86
Akha / Asia / 68 / 19.5 / 99.4 / 12015 / 10.2 / 5.2
Albanians / Caucasus / 42 / 41.3 / 19.8 / 7088 / 2.8 / 4.03
Altai / Asia / 17 / 52 / 86 / 10108 / -19.3 / 5.69
Aluitor Koryaks / Asia / 56 / 59.2 / 163.6 / 15022 / -19.8 / 3.95
American Samoa natives / Oceania / 10 / 14.3 / 170 / 22067 / 23.9 / 1.21
Andean Highlanders / America / 64 / -12.4 / -74.9 / 28241 / 1 / 6.71
Armenians / Caucasus / 42 / 40.8 / 44.5 / 6433 / -9 / 4.98
Austrians / Europe / 100 / 47.3 / 11.4 / 8091 / -7.7 / 4.22
Azerbaijanians / Caucaus / 39 / 40.7 / 47.8 / 6728 / -2.1 / 5.24
Bai / Asia / 31 / 25.6 / 101 / 11775 / 1.9 / 6.21
Basques / Europe / 45 / 43.2 / -2.2 / 9100 / 3.6 / 2.78
Bella Coola / America / 44 / 52.4 / -126.8 / 18596 / -3.8 / 4.84
Berbers / Africa / 60 / 34 / -5 / 6278 / 3.9 / 5.37
Biaka Pygmy / Africa / 17 / 4 / 17 / 2058 / 16.4 / 8.43
Bogsa / Asia / 17 / 29.4 / 79.5 / 9476 / 1.5 / 5.15
British / Europe / 91 / 52 / -2.5 / 9219 / 1.3 / 4.38
Bubi / Africa / 54 / 3.5 / 8.7 / 2545 / 13.9 / 7.56
Bulgarians / Europe / 30 / 42.7 / 23.3 / 6893 / -4.7 / 4.43
Canarians / Europe / 54 / 28.1 / -15.4 / 6383 / 14.9 / 4.97
Chechenians / Caucaus / 23 / 43.3 / 45.7 / 6962 / -6 / 4.61
Cherkessians / Caucasus / 44 / 41.3 / 43.9 / 6613 / -15.3 / 5.14
Cheyenne / America / 39 / 44 / -104 / 20346 / -12 / 6.81
Chinese from Guangdong / Asia / 11 / 23.1 / 113.3 / 13101 / 9.4 / 7.86
Chinese from Shandong / Asia / 12 / 36.7 / 117 / 13005 / -5.2 / 6.39
Chukchi / Asia / 65 / 64.7 / 177.5 / 15325 / -26.4 / 4.35
Dai / Asia / 38 / 22 / 100.8 / 11905 / 10.9 / 6.74
Darginians / Caucasus / 37 / 42.5 / 47.3 / 6810 / -8.4 / 4.54
Dinka / Africa / 46 / 4.9 / 31.6 / 2139 / 19.4 / 8.21
Egyptians / Middle East / 100 / 30 / 31.4 / 4903 / 7.3 / 7.48
Eskimo / America / 49 / 67 / -50.7 / 21418 / -21 / 2.9
Estonians / Europe / 76 / 59.4 / 24.7 / 8689 / -8.6 / 3.77
Ethiopians / Africa / 100 / 9 / 38.4 / 2916 / 7.8 / 8.21
Evenks / Asia / 12 / 62.5 / 97.4 / 10848 / -37.3 / 5.6
Fang / Africa / 11 / 2.6 / 11 / 2311 / 18.3 / 8.26
Fulbe / Africa / 57 / 17 / 8 / 3821 / 11.6 / 6.65
Galicians / Europe / 92 / 42.9 / -8.5 / 9622 / 5.1 / 3.12
Gaviao / America / 28 / -10.2 / -61.1 / 28718 / 15.4 / 4.08
Georgians / Caucasus / 57 / 41.7 / 44.8 / 6613 / -2.9 / 5.24
German / Europe / 100 / 50.7 / 7.1 / 8521 / -1.3 / 3.51
Haida / America / 42 / 53 / -132 / 18490 / -1 / 2.64
Hausa / Africa / 20 / 12 / 8.5 / 3339 / 12.9 / 5.46
Havik / Asia / 48 / 14.6 / 74.8 / 10016 / 16.4 / 6.07
Huetar / America / 27 / 10.5 / -84.3 / 24918 / 20.3 / 3.09
Icelanders / Europe / 100 / 64.1 / -21.9 / 10947 / -2.5 / 4.57
Ingushians / Caucasus / 35 / 43.2 / 45.1 / 7093 / -7.1 / 4.27
Itelmen / Asia / 46 / 59.2 / 157 / 14452 / -26.4 / 3.93
Japanese (Miyazaki) / Asia / 100 / 32 / 131.4 / 14557 / 1.5 / 6.73
Kabardinians / Caucasus / 51 / 43.4 / 42.9 / 7223 / -10.3 / 4.54
Kanuri / Africa / 14 / 11.8 / 13.2 / 3112 / 12.1 / 7.12
Karagin Koryaks / Asia / 36 / 58.9 / 164.3 / 15022 / -17.9 / 6.17
Karelians / Europe / 83 / 62.6 / 29.8 / 9079 / -14.4 / 3.59
Kashmiri / Asia / 18 / 34.1 / 74.8 / 8998 / -1.9 / 5.27
Kazakhs / Asia / 55 / 43.3 / 76.9 / 9314 / -12.3 / 6.38
Kikuyu / Africa / 25 / -1.3 / 36.8 / 1873 / 10.5 / 7.54
Kirghiz / Asia / 94 / 40.5 / 72.8 / 8744 / -8.7 / 6
Lahu / Asia / 33 / 19.5 / 99.4 / 12015 / 10.2 / 6.02
Lambadi / Asia / 86 / 19 / 72.8 / 9645 / 18.8 / 5.95
Lancang (Lahu-2) / Asia / 35 / 22.5 / 99.9 / 11848 / 6.7 / 5.57
Lisu (from Chiang Rai) / Asia / 45 / 19.9 / 99.8 / 12015 / 11.8 / 5.51
Lisu (from Gongshan Yunnan) / Asia / 37 / 28 / 98.5 / 11395 / -5.4 / 7.24
Lisu (from Mae Hong Son) / Asia / 34 / 19.3 / 98 / 11764 / 13.3 / 6.13
Mandenka / Africa / 88 / 12.4 / -12.1 / 5240 / 16 / 6.46
Maris / Europe / 13 / 56.6 / 47.9 / 8445 / -16.2 / 3.54
Mauritanians / Africa / 30 / 18.5 / -11 / 5405 / 12.5 / 4.83
Mbuti pygmy / Africa / 21 / 1.5 / 28.5 / 1667 / 17.7 / 6.82
Moksha / Europe / 21 / 54.2 / 45.2 / 8161 / -14.8 / 4.23
Mongolians / Asia / 100 / 47.6 / 106.6 / 11776 / -27.7 / 6.72
Moroccan of Souss Area / Africa / 50 / 30.4 / -9.6 / 6139 / 7.7 / 4.31
Moroccans / Africa / 32 / 33.9 / -5.6 / 6278 / 4.5 / 6.54
Mukri / Asia / 43 / 14.4 / 74.4 / 10016 / 20.2 / 6.38
Nicobarese Islander / Asia / 38 / 7.1 / 93.8 / 12942 / 23.3 / 6.97
Norwegian / Europe / 100 / 59.9 / 10.8 / 9043 / -7.4 / 3.81
Nu / Asia / 28 / 28 / 98.5 / 11395 / -5.4 / 5.99
Nubia / Africa / 96 / 12 / 24.9 / 2843 / 13.1 / 7.98
Nuer / Africa / 11 / 6.2 / 31.6 / 2286 / 19.5 / 7.27
Nuu Chah Nulth / America / 65 / 49.7 / -125 / 19028 / -0.3 / 5.71
Pakistani (Urdu speaking) / Asia / 71 / 33.4 / 73 / 8998 / 3.3 / 5.02
Palan Koryaks / Asia / 55 / 58.5 / 159.2 / 15234 / -21.7 / 5.18
Pima / America / 44 / 32.2 / -110.9 / 21221 / 3.8 / 6.67
Portuguese / Europe / 100 / 41.2 / -8.6 / 9637 / 5.2 / 4.23
Raetoromanian / Europe / 16 / 46.1 / 9.3 / 8198 / -0.9 / 4.23
Red Karen / Asia / 39 / 19.5 / 99.4 / 12015 / 10.2 / 4.61
Saami / Europe / 100 / 68.7 / 25.5 / 9787 / -22 / 3.47
Sali / Asia / 28 / 26.9 / 100.2 / 11803 / -0.5 / 6.26
Sardinians / Europe / 69 / 40 / 9 / 8267 / 4.5 / 3.72
Serer / Africa / 23 / 12.8 / -16.2 / 5782 / 14.9 / 4.51
Siberian Eskimo / Asia / 77 / 64.7 / 177.5 / 15325 / -26.4 / 2.78
Somali / Africa / 27 / 9.4 / 42.8 / 3286 / 7 / 6.92
Songhai / Africa / 10 / 13.5 / 2.1 / 3865 / 15.5 / 8.28
Thai / Asia / 31 / 18.8 / 99 / 11890 / 12.7 / 6.63
Tharu / Asia / 12 / 27 / 84 / 9970 / 9.7 / 5.3
Tibetan / Asia / 40 / 25.8 / 99.6 / 11644 / -0.9 / 4.47
Tu / Asia / 34 / 37.2 / 102.2 / 11838 / -17.2 / 5.95
Tuareg / Africa / 26 / 20 / 4 / 4396 / 9.3 / 6.52
Turkana / Africa / 37 / 3.1 / 35.6 / 2121 / 21.6 / 9.79
Uighurs / Asia / 55 / 44.2 / 80 / 9574 / -13.8 / 5.63
Va / Asia / 36 / 22.8 / 99.5 / 11720 / 5.5 / 5.38
Walbiri Tribe / Australia / 54 / -22.3 / 131.8 / 19307 / 5.7 / 5.85
White Karen / Asia / 40 / 19.9 / 99.8 / 12015 / 11.8 / 5.3
Wolof / Africa / 48 / 14.7 / -17.4 / 6002 / 16.9 / 6.77
Xavante / America / 24 / -13.3 / -51.7 / 29723 / 16.1 / 3.05
Xingjiang Kazak / Asia / 24 / 45.8 / 84.8 / 9989 / -19.5 / 6.86
Xingjiang Uighur / Asia / 44 / 50.3 / 85.3 / 10149 / -20.2 / 6.55
Yakima / America / 42 / 46 / -120.9 / 19523 / -6.9 / 4.83
Yanomama / America / 53 / 3.6 / -62.5 / 27779 / 20.2 / 3.13
Yoruba / Africa / 34 / 7.4 / 3.9 / 3316 / 20.7 / 7.13
Zhuang / Asia / 100 / 22.8 / 108.3 / 12583 / 10.1 / 6.34
Zoro / America / 29 / -10.3 / -60.3 / 28805 / 15 / 4