p. 222 / The Compromise of 1850
p. 223-225 / Kansas-Nebraska Act
p. 225-226
When did it go into effect? / 1820 / 1850 / 1854
How many free states were there? / 11 / 15 / 16
How many slave states were there? / 11 / 15 / 15
How did it help the North? / Maine entered the Union as a free state, while Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; maintained the balance of power in the Senate; however, balance shifted to North in House of Representatives / California entered the Union as a free state tipped the balance of power to the northern states; the North had control of House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate; slave trading was ended in the District of Columbia; Texas gave up its idea of annexing New Mexico / Created a need to step up their influence in the western territories (free soilers) which created conflict and violence
Popular sovereignty was established to allow the people of the territories to choose if they would be a slave or free state
How did it help the South? / Maine entered the Union as a free state, while Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; maintained the balance of power in the Senate; however, balance shifted to North in House of Representatives / Territories of New Mexico and Utah would determine themselves if they would free or slave state; residents of District of Columbia could keep their slaves’ Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act which stated that any runaway slaves who were caught in the North would be returned to their owners / Created a need to step up their influence in the western territories (pro-slavery factions)) which created conflict and violence
Popular sovereignty was established to allow the people of the territories to choose if they would be a slave or free state
The Issue of Slavery: p. 220
1. Explain why agricultural growth was not increasing in the South during the early 1800’s.
Cotton too costly; tobacco had depleted the soil; rice only could grow in coastal areas of Carolinas and Georgia
2. Describe two ways that the cotton gin changed the South’s economy and society.
A) Increased the number of slaves in the South
B) Increased profitability of growing cotton in the South
3. Explain how the cotton gin helped increase the divisions between the Northern and Southern states.
Cotton accounted for over 50% of U.S. exports (almost 60% in 1860), which relied heavily on slaves; North were Abolitionists
Abolitionists: p.220-222
4. Describe three ways that abolitionists worked to get rid of slavery.
A) “Great Awakening – religious revival to grow abolitionism
B) Wrote books, articles, made speeches, offered their homes as safe houses (Uncle Tom’s Cabin, The Liberator)
C) Underground Railroad
5. Identify three leading abolitionists and the published works (books, newspapers, etc.) that they are famous for writing.
A) William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator in Boston
B) Harriet Beecher Stowe – Uncle Tom’s Cabin
C) Frederick Douglas – North Star
6. Describe how Charles Fitzhugh’s Positive Good Thesis of Slavery defended slavery.
An obligation of whites to feed, cloth, provide church instruction (God’s will); believed that enslavement was a favor
The Dred Scott Decision: p. 223
7. Explain why Dred Scott believed that he should be a free man.
He was now in a free state, and as such he should be free
8. Summarize both rulings of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case.
Could not sue because he was a slave and slaves were not citizens; court said Congress had no right to stop slavery in territories4
On Your Own:
9. Explain why you think the second “Great Awakening” played such an important role in increasing the support of the abolition of slavery.
10. Based on what you’ve read about the Dred Scott Supreme Court Case (p. 223), explain your opinions of the Court’s decisions?