Grammar and Writing Notes
Parts of Speech
Noun - person, place, or thing
ex: Ryan is wearing a shirt today.
Frank went to Metrotown.
verb - action
ex: running, to eat, jumping
adverb - word that describes a verb or another adjective
ex: The bus got to school slowly.
The garbage was very smelly.
I am doing well.
adjective - describes a noun
ex: Jenny is beautiful. Metrotown is really big.
pronoun - word that replaces a noun
ex: She strutted through the aisle. He got to school very slowly.
conjunction - a word that links two parts of a sentence
ex: I like the colour green but prefer the colour blue. I like food and sleep.
interjection - an exclamation of surprise, joy, delight, etc.
ex: Ouch! Surprise! Whoah!
preposition - a word that shows relationship such as time, position, direction, etc.
ex: The book was on the table. The man with rugs for sale walked by our house this morning. "The Vampire Diaries" is on at 6 o'clock.
subject - names who or what is doing the action in the sentence.
ex. Ms. Braun's Humanities 8 class is fun and hard-working.
predicate - describes the action of the sentence.
ex. Ms. Braun's Humanities 8 class is fun and hard-working.
Coordinating conjunctions - link phrases together in a sentence
"coordinate" - to plan, control, to join
"conjunction" - a linking word
examples of coordinating conjunctions:
· and, or, but, yet, nor, for, because
· The Tupper rugby team is hard-working (1st clause), and the teammates are the best (2nd clause)!
· The ice-cream was tasty but it had nuts in it.
phrase - not a complete idea; group of words
ex. - went to the store
- My friend Jaya
clause - a complete idea; like a sentence in that it could stand alone.
ex. - I went to the store.
- My friend Jaya is funny.
comma splice - linking two clauses with only a comma instead of a comma AND a coordinating conjunction.
ex. I love ice-cream, it's yummy. (comma splice)
I love ice-cream, because it's yummy. (proper sentence)
heavy connectives - ALWAYS link two complete ideas or clauses; marked off by a semicolon before it and a comma after it; modify a complete idea by showing the reader its relation to the previous idea
examples of heavy connectives: however, therefore, furthermore, consequently, besides
ex: The car drove off (1st clause); however, it came back (2nd clause).
ex. School is big (1st clause); consequently, it took a long time to build (2nd clause).