Second Reconstruction Unit ReadingName: Period:
Textbook Outline: provide a brief outline of the pages focused on Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells, W.E.B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey – you will need to use your textbook’s index to find these topics, remember less can be more and remember you will need to study from these outlines for the upcoming Blue Books =) - - - MAKE SURE YOU USE THE TEXTBOOK
- Who was Booker T. Washington and what school did he start?
The Atlantic Monthly – 1899
Booker T. Washington
“The Case of the Negro”
. . . We must therefore find some basis of settlement thatwill be constitutional, just, manly; thatwill be fair to both races in the Southand to the whole country. This cannotbe done in a day, a year, or any shortperiod of time. We can, however, withthe present light, decide upon a reasonably safe method of solving the problem,and turn our strength and effort in thatdirection. In doing this, I would nothave the Negro deprived of any privilegeguaranteed to him by the Constitution ofthe United States. It is not best for theNegro that he relinquish any of his constitutional rights; it is not best for theSouthern white man that he should, as Ishall attempt to show in this article. In order that we may concentrate ourforces upon a wise object, without loss oftime or effort, I want to suggest whatseems to me and many others the wisestpolicy to be pursued. I have reachedthese conclusions not only by reason ofmy own observations and experience, butafter eighteen years of direct contact withleading and influential colored and whitemen in most parts of our country. ButI wish first to mention some elements ofdanger in the present situation, whichall who desire the permanent welfare ofboth races in the South should carefullytake into account. First. There is danger that a certainclass of impatient extremists among theNegroes in the North, who have little knowledge of the actual conditions in theSouth, may do the entire race injury byattempting to advise their brethren inthe South to resort to armed resistanceor the use of the torch, in order to securejustice. All intelligent and well-considered discussion of any important question, or condemnation of any wrong, whether in the North or the South, from thepublic platform and through the press, isto be commended and encouraged; butill-considered and incendiary utterancesfrom black men in the North will tend toadd to the burdens of our people in theSouth rather than to relieve them. Wemust not fall into the temptation of believing that we can raise ourselves byabusing some one else.. . . The educationand preparation for citizenship of nearlyeight millions of people is a tremendous task, and every lover of humanity shouldcount it a privilege to help in the solution of a problem for which our wholecountry is responsible.. .
FORM/TYPE OF DOCUMENT:
Newspaper Article
Date of Article: / AUDIENCE:
TOPIC: / PURPOSE:
Mental Imagery: Sketch a moment from the document
Collection of: GeorgiaState Archives
Created by the Maryland Historical Society modified 12/29/05
- Who was Ida B. Wells and what campaign did she start? Make sure you highlight this article
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
This pamphlet is circulated by Chicago Colored Citizens ..., [1899]
Summary:Lynch law in Georgia / by Ida B. Wells-Barnett ; a six-weeks' record in the center of southern civilization, as faithfully chronicled by the "Atlanta journal" and the "Atlanta constitution" ; also the full report of Louis P. Le Vin, the Chicago detective sent to investigate the burning of Samuel Hose, the torture and hanging of Elijah Strickland, the colored preacher, and the lynching of nine men for alleged arson.
“The Lynching of Nine Men”
In dealing with all vexed questions, the chief aim of every honest inquirer should be to ascertain the facts. No good purpose is subserved either by concealment on the one hand or exaggeration on the other. "The truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth," is the only sure foundation for just judgment.
The purpose of this pamphlet is to give the public the facts, in the belief that there is still a sense of justice in the American people, and that it will yet assert itself in condemnation of outlawry and in defense of oppressed and persecuted humanity. In this firm belief the following pages will describe the lynching of nine colored men, who were arrested near Palmetto, Georgia, about the middle of March, upon suspicion that they were implicated in the burning of the three houses in February preceding.
The nine suspects were not criminals, they were hard-working, law-abiding citizens, men of families. They had assaulted no woman, and, after the lapse of nearly a month, it could not be claimed that the fury of an insane mob made their butchery excusable. They were in the custody of law, unarmed, chained together and helpless, awaiting their trial. They had no money to employ learned counsel to invoke the aid of technicalities to defeat justice. They were in custody of a white Sheriff, to be prosecuted by a white State's Attorney, to be tried before a white judge, and by a white jury. Surely the guilty had no chance to escape.
Still they were lynched. That the awful story of their slaughter may not be considered overdrawn, the following description is taken from the columns of the Atlanta Journal, as it was written by Royal Daniel, a staff correspondent. The story of the lynching thus told is as follows:
Palmetto. Ga., March 16.--A mob of more than 100 desperate men, armed with Winchesters and shotguns and pistols and wearing masks, rode into Palmetto at 1 o'clock this morning and shot to death four Negro prisoners, desperately wounded another and with deliberate aim fired at four others, wounding two, believing the entire nine had been killed.
The burning of Samuel Hose, or, to give his right name, Samuel Wilkes, gave to the United States the distinction of having burned alive seven human beings during the past ten years. The details of this deed of unspeakable barbarism have shocked the civilized world, for it is conceded universally that no other nation on earth, civilized or savage, has put to death any human being with such atrocious cruelty as that inflicted upon Samuel Hose by the Christian white people of Georgia.
The charge is generally made that lynch law is condemned by the best white people of the South, and that lynching is the work of the lowest and lawless class. Those who seek the truth know the fact to be, that all classes are equally guilty, for what the one class does the other encourages, excuses and condones.
“Tortured and Burned Alive”
This was clearly shown in the burning of Hose. This awful deed was suggested, encouraged and made possible by the daily press of Atlanta, Georgia, until the burning actually occurred, and then it immediately condoned the burning by a hysterical plea to "consider the facts."
Samuel Hose killed Alfred Cranford Wednesday afternoon, April 12, 1899, in a dispute over the wages due Hose. The dispatch which announced the killing of Cranford stated that Hose had assaulted Mrs. Cranford and that bloodhounds had been put on his track.
The next day the Atlanta Constitution, in glaring double headlines, predicted a lynching and suggested burning at the stake. This it repeated in the body of the dispatch in the following language:
"When Hose is caught he will either be lynched and his body riddled with bullets or he will be burned at the stake." And further in the same issue the Constitution suggests torture in these words: "There have been whisperings of burning at the stake and of torturing the fellow
FORM/TYPE OF DOCUMENT:
Pamphlet
Date of Article: / AUDIENCE:
TOPIC: / PURPOSE:
Using the document, complete the following web: Write the main theme in the circle and list six supporting ideas
Collection of: IllinoisState Archives
Created by the Maryland Historical Society modified 12/29/05
- Who was W.E.B. DuBois and what organization did he help cofound?
W.E. Burghardt Du Bois
(W.E.B. Du Bois)
The Souls of Black Folk, published in 1903
Summary: DuBois proposes that "the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line." His concepts of life behind the veil of race and the resulting "double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others," have become touchstones for thinking about race in America. Souls offers an assessment of the progress of the race, the obstacles to that progress, and the possibilities for future progress as the nation entered the twentieth century.
The Forethought: The Souls of Black Folk
HEREIN lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being black here at the dawning of the Twentieth Century. This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line. . . .
- What did DuBois mean by “for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line”? Before answering go back and look at the dates of the previous two articles by Washington and Wells and think what were African Americans experiencing post Reconstruction, what were African Americans experiencing as America entered the 20th Century the 1900’s ?
- If you were a politician in 1903 and read DuBois’ book or read Wells’ account how would you react, would allow the norm to continue or would you take action?
- Is Race / Ethnicity a problem today? Has America moved forward from its years of politically enforced segregation?
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The Union: An Ohio Newspaper - Volume: 18 Issue Number: 50 Page Number: 01 Date:01/13/1923
- Who was Marcus Garvey? Make sure you read and highlight this article
- As you read these last couple of lines, focus on the comments made in the Census Report, is there a blind understanding to the “Negro’s” condition?
Garvey proposed a plan to move all African Americans to Africa / a form of
re-colonization so to speak.
The only problem is that 90% of Africawas conquered by Europeans in 1923
The Union: An Ohio Newspaper - Volume: 17Issue Number:29Page Number: 01 Date:08/26/1922
- Was this a preconceived notion or do you think this was a factual observation, do you think the journalist had a real idea of what the “Negroes” lives were like or just going on what he thought he knew or heard (i.e. preconceived notions)?
Do you have any questions after reading the articles? / What five key words would you use to summarize all the readings?
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