EA for the Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project (KIIDP)
Kampala City Council
Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
Final Report
Prepared by:
AquaConsult
In association with
EMA CONSULT LTD andSAVIMAXX LTD
November 2006
1
Final Report
EA for the Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project (KIIDP)
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the Project
1.2Terms of Reference
1.3Description of the Project
1.3.1 Study Area
1.3.2Project Strategy
1.4Project Components
CHAPTER TWO:METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
2.1General Approach
2.2Literature Review
2.3Field visit, Data Collection Assessment and Synthesis
2.4Consultations and Coordination with Stakeholders and Agencies
2.5Collaboration with other Consultants
2.6Assessment of Infrastructure Investments
2.6.1General Task Scheduling
2.7Impact Assessment and Ranking
CHAPTER THREE:...... SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
3.1 Institutional, Policy and Legal Framework for Environmental Management Including Wetlands ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.1.1Institutional Framework
3.1.2Implication of Institutional Framework on KIIDP
3.1.3 Other Agencies that will Impact KIIDP
3.1.4Policy Framework
3.1.5 Legal and regulatory Framework
3.1.6International Legislation
3.1.7World Bank Operational Policies and Potential Gaps with the National Legislation
Wetlands Management in the Context of Uganda Legislation and the World Bank’s Op 4.04; Natural Habitats
3.1.8Situation Regarding Bahia grass
3.2.CURRENT SITUATION REGARDING DRAINAGE INVESTMENTS
3.2.1 Bio-physical environment
3.2.2 Socio-Economic profile of the drainage investments areas
3.3 SITUATION REGARDING TRAFFIC AND ROAD MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
3.3.1 Bio-physical and Socio-economic Environment
3.4 SITUATION REGARDING URBAN MARKETS
3.4.1 Bio-physical characteristics of markets
3.5 SITUATION REGARDING PHASE 1 SOLID WASTE INVESTMENTS
3.5.1Bio-physical Characteristics of the Currentsolid waste disposal facilityat Kiteezi
Physical Features
3.5.2 The current site and its environment
3.5.3Proposed Extension to Kitezi Sanitary Landfill
Planned operations
Post closure features of the extension
3.5.4Bio-physical characteristics of the proposed extension of Kiteezi waste disposal site
3.6. SAFEGUARD POICIES TO BE TRIGGERED BY MITIGATION ACTIONS
CHAPTER FOUR: ...SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
4.2.1National Environment Management Authority
4.2.2Wetlands Inspection Division
4.2.3Medical Officer of Health, Kampala City Council
4.2.4 Water Resources Department
4.2.6 Kampala City Council and Local Council Chairpersons
4.2.7 Engineers Registration Board (ERB)
4.3 Views from and Suggestions of Users
4.3.1 DRAINAGE INVESTMENTS
4.3.2 ROAD IMPROVEMENT INVESTMENT
4.3.3 URBAN MARKETS IMPROVEMENT
4.3.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER FIVE: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF INVESTMENTS
5.1 DRAINAGE INVESTMENTS
5.1.1 Positive Socio-economic Impacts
5.1.2 Flood Attenuation Dams
5.2 TRAFFIC AND ROAD MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
5.2.1Positive socio-economic impacts
5.3 URBAN MARKETS IMPROVEMENTS SUB-COMPONENT
5.3.1Positive Socio-economic impacts
5.4 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
5.4.1Environmental Impacts of Soli Waste Disposal facilityExtension
5.4.2Environmental Problems Associated With the Continued Operation of Solid Waste Disposal at Kitezi
5.4.3Measures Needed for Continued Operation of the Current solid waste
Management facility
5.4.4Capacity Building Needs for Strengthening Environmental Management by KCC ……………………………………………………………………………………………
5.4.5 Issues to be considered during the Process of Establishing a New solid waste
Management facility
5.5 RECOMMENDATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT KCC
General Recommendations For Drainage Investments
Specific Recommendations
CHAPTER SIX: RECOMMENDED CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Environmental Guidelines for Contractors
General Environmental Management Conditions
6.1 General
6.2 Traffic Management
6.2.1 Blasting
6.2.2 Disposal of Unusable Elements
6.2.3 Health and Safety
6.2.4 Repair of Private Property
6.3 CONTRACTOR’S ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN (EHS-MP)
6.3.1 EHS Reporting
6.3.2 Training of Contractor’s Personnel
6.3.3 Cost of Compliance
6.3.4 Example Format: EHS Report
6.3.5 Example Format: EHS Incident Notification
6.3.6 Example Format: Detailed EHS Incident Report
CHAPTER SEVEN: KIIDP ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………….
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………………….
APPENDIX A:TERMS OF REFERENCE
Scope of Work
A. Drainage Systems
B. Traffic and Road Maintenance Management
C. Urban Market Infrastructure
D. Solid Waste Management
E. Construction practices
F. Environmental Management Plan
APPENDIX B:CONSULTED STAKEHOLDERS
APPENDIX C:SURVEY INSTRUMENTS USED
SURVEY INSTRUMENT ALIGNMENT WITH THE TERMS OF REFERENCE
A) Drainage Systems
B) Traffic and Road Maintenance Management
C) Urban Market infrastructure
D) Solid Waste Management
APPENDIX D:REFERENCES...... 163
APPENDIX E:SUMMARY OF WORLD BANK’S OPERATION POLICIES...... 170
APPENDIX F:KCC’S VECTOR MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES AT MPERERWE-KITEEZI SANITARY LANDFILL 174
1
Final Report
EA for the Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project (KIIDP)
LIST OF ACRONYMS
BLB -BugandaLand Board
BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand
CAA - Civil Aviation Authority
CBD - Conservation on Biological Diversity
DECs -District Environment Committees
DWD-Directorate of Water Development
EA -Environmental Analysis
EIA -Environment Impact ASSESSMENT
ELUs -Environmental Liaison Units
EMP - Environmental Management Plan
FGD - Focus Group Discussion
FC - Faecal coliforms
FS-Faecal Speptocsca
GDP-Gross Domestic Product
HIV - Human Immune-Deficiency Virus
HVAC - Hot Ventilation Air Current
IAQ - Indoor Air Quality
KCC -Kampala City Council
KDMP -Kampala Drainage Master Plan
KIIDP -Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development
Project
KUSP -Kampala Urban Sanitation Project
LC - Local Council
MERV - Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value
MTN-Mobile Telephone Networks
MoWHC - Ministry of Works, Housing and Construction
N - Nitrogen
NCRP - Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project
NEA -National Environment Act
NEAP -National Environment Action Plan
NEMA -National Environment Management Authority
NES -National Environmental Statute
NFA-National Forest Authority
NGO - Non-Government Organizations
NRSC - National Road Safety Council
NWSC-National Water and Sewerage Corporation
O&M-Operation and Maintenance
Op - Operational Policy (i.e.World Bank Guidelines)
PPE -Personal Protective Equipment
RAFU - Road Agency Formation Unit
RAP -Resettlement Action Plan
R-Value - Resistance Value
SOE - State of Environment
TB - Tuberculosis
TN - Total Nitrogen
TOR -Terms of Reference
TP - Total Phosphorous
UBOA - Uganda Bus Operators Association
UBOS -Uganda Bureau of Statistics
UCC - Uganda Construction Commission
UIA-Uganda Investment Authority
UNDP - United Nations Development Program
UNEP - United Nations Environment Program
URA - Uganda Revenue Authority
URC - Uganda Railways Corporation
UTL-Uganda Telecom
UTODA -Uganda Tax Operators and Drivers Association
VOC - Volatile Organic Compounds
WCU - World Conservation Union (formerly, International Union of Conservation of Nature - IUCN)
WFP-World Food Programme
WHO - World Health Organization
WID -Wetlands Inspection Division
WRMD -Water Resource Management Department
WS - Water Sample
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Environmental Practitioners who carried out the Environmental Impact Assessment for Kampala Instititutional and Infrastructure Development Project thank the following people for their specialist input in the assessment: Bill Wandera (Team Leader), Dr. Frank Kasiime, Charles Nuwagaba, Elizabeth Aisu, Nelson Kisaka, Mawejje David and Moses Bamanya. We are grateful to the Project Co-ordination Unit staff of KIIDP particularly, Tamale Kiguddu, Bonnie Nsambu, and Edward Mukalazi who contributed immensely towards the successful completion of the environmental assessment. We are indebted to Ms Edeltraut Gilgan-Hunt and Solomon Alemu of The World Bank for reviewing all the reports and for their valuable comments.
We are indebted to all respondents in the various Divisions of Kampala who participated in Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. We thank officials from the Central Government institutions particularly Wetlands Inspectorate Division, National Environment Management Authority and Water Resources Department who participated in our public consultations.
Samuel Vivian Matagi
Enviromental Chemist/Enviromental Practioner
Prof. Gaddi Katushaya
Drainage Engineer/Environmental Practioner
Dr. Natal Ayiga
Sociologist/ Environmental Practioner
Luka Agwe
Socio-economist/ Environmental Practioner
September 2006
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The general objective of this Environment Analysis (EA) is to identify, assess and mitigate the potential environmental and social impacts that may result from the infrastructure investments planned under the Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project (KIIDP).
The specific objectives are:
(i)to identify and assess potential adverse environmental and social effects of the planned programme
(ii)to make recommendations that can be used for mitigating adverse effects resulting from programme implementation
(iii)to prepare Environmental management plan that can assist in implementing mitigation measures recommended
(iv)to ensure that programme activities conform to both national and World Bank safeguards.
The Terms of Reference for the study are in Appendix A.
Kampala City Council (KCC) is preparing the Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project (KIIDP), an initiative primarily designed to strengthen the governance and institutional structure within KCC in order to enhance service delivery and improve economic performance of the city. The infrastructure and services improvements cover the areas of drainage, solid waste and urban markets as well as traffic and roads maintenance management. The project has three components, namely,
Institutional Development
Citywide Infrastructure and Services Improvement.
Project Management
KCC recognizes that the improvements will result in some positive as well as certain negative environmental impacts. It is imperative that the impacts be identified so that measures are taken to enhance the positive while the negative impacts are mitigated against, all within the framework of the development process.
This report focuses entirely on Environment Analysis of infrastructure improvements component of the KIIDP. This component will support activities aimed at improving the provision of critical services to the city. The investment in infrastructure and service improvements will address four priority areas: (i) drainage system; (ii) traffic and road maintenance management; (iii) solid waste management and (iv) urban markets infrastructure. Thee purpose of these investments is to contribute to the economic and commercial development of the city, which is critical for inducing public confidence and subsequently, encouraging compliance with municipal regulations i.e., due payment of property rate. The infrastructure investment will be phased and predicated on defined institutional and fiscal milestones and targets that will trigger investment packages during project implementation.
The methods applied in preparing the EA report included review of past reports, and technical designs, socio-economic field surveys, observation of biophysical environments, water quality sampling and analysis. This was followed with data analysis and synthesis basis of which, the consultants identified, analysed and assessed the potential environmental and socio-economic impacts covering both Phase I and II of the project but identified mitigation measures and the environmental management plan for only the investments under Phase I. The methods applied to collect data required for analysis included literature review, field assessments, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, water sampling and laboratory analysis, synthesis and analysis of data and reporting.
The literature review covered aspects of legal, policy and institutional framework for environment protection and management as well as the technical designs prepared for some of the infrastructure investments, particularly the drainage and the roads and traffic management sub-components. The fieldwork focused on the assessment of the biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of sample investment areas. The aim was to determine the baseline conditions and to assess to what extent these would be impacted by the proposed investments in order to identify the corresponding mitigation and/or enhancement measures.
Impact Assessment
In assessing the potential negative impacts, all issues were subjected to Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM)[1]. The RIAM assigns negative value ranges for potential negative impacts so they can be ranked according to severity in terms of importance, magnitude, reversibility and cumulativeness. This method isolates the critical impacts from those that may be relevant but not as significant. The critical impacts are further evaluated to form a basis for the Environment Management Plan.
Situational Analysis
The institutional, legal and policy profile is such that:
- the institutional, legal and policy framework in place appear adequate for the implementation of the environment management plan of the mitigation requirements for the proposed investments
- enforcement of certain regulations, like planning control to discourage invasion of public way leaves and road reserves, however needs strengthening.
The socio-economic issues, within the investment areas are such that:
- urban poverty dominates the socio-economies and this perhaps accounts for invasion of land parcels in the project areas for residential purposes
- current land use along the project corridors includes subsistence cultivation on the edges of the wetlands, light industry and informal settlements.
The biophysical characteristics in the drainage investment areas are such that:
- little natural environment remains in the upper reaches of the drainage channels but the downstream sections are dominated by natural flora which in certain aspects is under threat from encroachment by human activity particularly
- the urban markets are situated in fully urbanized localities with little or no natural environment to be considered.
- The bio-physical characteristics in the road improvement corridors consists of some wetlands in some sections, flora in others and rolling terrain planted with Buganda clans trees.
- The Buganda clan’s trees were planted by the palace workers along the Lubiri Road as a symbol of their alligence to the Kabaka. They used to provide a shade for the Kabaka’s subjects who would wait to greet him on his way from the palace to Bulange. Over time, the trees gained prominence as part of the cultural heritage linked to ancient tradition.
- The biophysical status of the site proposed for the extension of the present landfill in Kitezi is that the site is dominated by flora comprising Lantana, camara, Commelina bengalensis, Sesbania sesban Impomea spp. and Amagdelina spp. The fauna comprises of Marabou stork, White egrets and Weaverbirds.
- The economic activities in most, expect in some of the traffic and road maintenance development corridors, are essentially subsistence and most activities are make-shift; established in the evening and removed at night. The implication is that the proposed project activities may not result in permanent nor large-scale distortion to existing lifestyles.
Table (i): Key positive impacts of implementing the KIID Project and
their impact levels.
CATEGORY / POSITIVE IMPACT / IMPACT LEVELSocio economic Impacts / As a result of the proposed investments, the construction sector will, in general terms, benefit from increased business during project implementation / +3
Communities adjacent to the project areas will get employment opportunity during the improvement process. More new jobs will be created thus improving the socio-economic well-being of the communities involved / +5
The investments will improve the aesthetic appeal of the immediate environment in the development corridors, it is expected that this could enhance human activity in these areas; see table (i) above.
Critical Negative Impact and Mitigation Proposal
- Thus creating potential for negative impacts like increased soil erosion and more solid waste generation. The implication is that measures for better environment management need to be instituted. This possibility underlines the need for implementing the institutional development component of KIIDP, which is designed to address KCC capacity to manage the city’s infrastructure.
Institutional and Legal Impact
The key positive institutional and legal outcomes of the proposed investments identified can be summarised as follows:
- The proposed infrastructure investments will generally result in better service delivery by KCC particularly within the project localities.
- Improving urban services often induces voluntary compliance by residents with municipal dues and rates. This will in turn improve KCC revenues and contribute to its financial stability.
- Improved traffic carriageways, demarcation and marking of lanes and installation of traffic signals together with road signs act as a basis for better traffic management and enforcement of traffic regulations. This will result in more disciplined road use and therefore reduction in road accidents.
- Regarding urban markets, KCC (Employer) should institute measures that ensure better supervision of the contractor’s activities
Drainage Investments
The key positive impacts identified of the proposed drainage investments identified can be summarised as follows:
Table (ii): Key positive impacts that will accrue from upgrading the drainage in
CATEGORY / POSITIVE IMPACT / IMPACT LEVELDrainage investments /
- The drainage investments will reduce flooding, slow down pollution of downstream waterways through better management of the drainage systems and therefore contribute to better overall environment management
- Drainage improvements will reduce incidence of diseases, particularly malaria since stagnant waters where mosquitoes often breed will be eliminated in parts or reduced in some sections of the drainage systems
- These investments will improve environmental cleanliness and enhance hygiene through better management of wet lands and drainage systems. For instance, the practice of dumping solid wastes in drainage channels will be reduced and hence blockage of culverts will be ameliorated. This will improve property values for the poor who often reside in these localities
Urban Markets Improvements
Some of the key positive impacts identified of the proposed urban market improvement investments are summarised as follows:
Table (iii): Key positive impacts that will accrue from markets upgrade in
Kampala indicated against their impact levels
CATEGORY / POSITIVE IMPACT / IMPACT LEVELUrban Markets /
- The urban markets improvements will result in better hygienic and improved environmental conditions that will attract more shoppers and encourage better business subsequently enhancing commerce and trade in the respective localities
- Farmers will be able to sell more of their produce faster since market management operations will be streamlined as a result of better infrastructure in the markets
- The work environment for the poor will improve enhancing their chances for better revenue generation.
- More stalls will be constructed, therefore vendors currently without proper retail premises will be accommodated and their incomes secured.
Road Maintenance Investments