Mycology 2002
1. A joint structure for all the fungi?
A. An Hyphae
B. Mycelium
C. Capsule
D. Wall
E. Conidia
2. Web mushrooms
a. Aren't able to penetrate into tissues
b. Able to penetrate into tissues using a hydrolytic enzymes
c. Able to penetrate into tissues using a mechanical force
d. Cannot be killed by macrophages
e. Answers a+b are correct
f. Answers b+c are correct
3. Conidia is:
a. A type of Hyphae
b. A septum between cells inside a thread
c. A way of reproduction (distribution)-non sexual
d. A way of reproduction (distribution)-sexual
e. A symbiotic form between a yeast and a alga
4. The mushrooms are never:
a. Parasites
b. Saprophyte
c. Heterotroph like
d. Photoautotrophic
e. Facultative anaerobes
5. Dicarione is a form of a cell with:
a. A diploid nucleus
b. 2 haploid nuclei
c. 2 diploid nuclei
d. A nuclear genome and a mitochondrial genome
e. 2 nuclei with a septum between them
6. A fungal taxonomy is based on:
a. The cell shape (a Hyphae or a Ascomycota)
b. Morphology of the way of reproduction (semination bodies) – nonsexual
c. Morphology of the way of reproduction (semination bobies)- sexual
d. Biosynthetic characters
e. Wall structure
f. Answers c+d are correct
g. Answers b+e are correct
7. The cell wall at the end of the Hyphae is not fully rigid. Resistance for osmotic pressure achieved by:
a. Increase of the crosslinking at the end of the hyphae
b. Increase in the density of the microtubules at the end of the hypae
c. Condensation of the Chitin at the end of the hypae
d. Increase in the density of the actin skeleton at the end of the hypae
e. Condensation of mannoproteins at the end of the hypae
8. In the heterothallic fungi, sexual reproduction between elements from the same colony is avoided because:
a. Incompatibility between receptors and lactins on the cell wall
b. Incompatibility between receptors and secreted pheromones
c. Incompatibility between the methylation model of the DNA, which causing foreign DNA disassembly
d. Lack of genetic complementation between cells from the same colony
9. Karyogamy:
a. Is not necessary a part of all sexual life circuit
b. Always occurs after plasmogamy in a sexual life circuit
c. Always occurs right after plasmogamy in a sexual life circuit
d. Always occurs right after myosis in a sexual life circuit
e. Does not exist in heterothallic fungi
10. Which are the most common ways for the fungus to penetrate the body?
a. Through saliva
b. Hurt skin
c. Inhalation
d. Answers a+b are correct
e. Answers b+c are correct
f. All answers are correct
11. Indicate which of the following fungi cause systemic infections:
a. Aspergillus
b. Microsporum
c. Trichophyton
d. Epidermophyton
e. Candida
f. Answers a+e are correct
g. Answers a+c+d are correct
12. Antropophilic fungi are:
a. Transferred from the ground to the human
b. Transferred from human to human
c. Transferred from the animals to human
d. Transferred from the animals to the ground
e. Non of the above
f. Answers c+d are correct
13. A 13th year old child was brought to a skin clinic, complaining about an itch, a skin cicatrization was diagnosed. The direct surface and the Culture were negative. After a talk with the parents it become evident that near the house there are dogs and cats. Which of the following factors can be the etiological factor for the disease?
a. Microsporum canis
b. Trichophyton rubrum
c. Trichophyton tonsurans
d. Epidermophuton floccosum
e. Candida albicans
14. Dermatophytes are fungi that:
a. Need aerobic conditions to grow
b. Always attack subcutaneous tissue
c. All the species make macrocondia
d. Can cause subclinical systemic infections
e. Can attack tissues which contain Keratin, like hair, skin and nails
f. Answers a+e are correct
15. In a microscopic examination of a hair from a boy with tinea capitis the following was seen. Indicate which is the most probable etiological factor, and how you would describe the situation shown in the photo:
a. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
b. Epidermophyton
c. Malassezia furfur
d. Candida krusei
e. Endothrix
f. Ectothrix
g. Answers a+f are correct
h. Answers a+e are correct
i. Answers b+e are correct
16. Here is a list of different fungi. Indicate which of the following fungi are not dimorphic fungi:
a. Histoplasma
b. Blastomycisus
c. Coccidioides immitis
d. Cryptoccus neoformans
e. Aspergillus niger
f. Answers d+e are correct
g. Answers g+d are correct
h. Answers a+d are correct
17. Which of the following character would assist to distinguish candida albicans from other candida species:
a. Formation of clamidosphores
b. Gram staining
c. Creation of germ tube
d. Assimilation of carbohydrates
e. Fermentation of carbohydrates
f. All of the above
g. Answers a+c+d+e are correct
h. Answers b+c+d are correct
18. A fungi in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was found in a laboratory test. Which of the fungi below could be found and develop in such system:
a. Histoplasma capsulaturn
b. Sprothrix schenkii
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
e. Coccidioides immitis
19. The disease called athlete's foot is also called:
a. Tinea invaginalis
b. Tinea manuum
c. Tinea corporis
d. Tinea barbae
e. Tinea capitis
f. None of the above
20. The disease favus is caused by the fungus:
a. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
b. Trichophyton schoenleinii
c. Trichophyton violaceum
d. Microsporum canis
e. Epidermophyton floccosum
21. The next sentence is refers to ringworn infections . mark all the correct sentences:
a. Can be caused by Microsporum
b. The disease is transferred by touch with an infected human or animal
c. The disease develops in the stratum corneum in the skin
d. This disease is also called tinea
e. Only answers a+b are correct
f. Only answers c+d are correct
g. All of the above
22. Indicate which of the following fungi is the cause for superficial mycoss
a. Cryptococcus neoformans
b. Malassezia furfur
c. Trichophyton rubrum
d. Candida albicans
e. Microsporum canis
f. Pitriospirum orbicularae
g. Answers b+c are correct
h. Anwers b+f are correct
i. Answers a+c are correct
23. Which of the following patients should be in solitary to prevent possible transfer of the mycosis to another person?
a. A woman with candidiasis in the oral cavity
b. A middle aged man with lung coccidioidomycosys
c. A 6 year child with tinea capitis
d. A 10 year child with skin sporotrichosis
e. A woman with lung cryptoccosis
f. Answers a+C are correct
24. The capsular polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neofonnans:
a. Do not cause creation of antibodies in human
b. Can be found in serum and the cerebrospinal fluid
c. Are essential for the valance of the fungus
d. Encourage phagocytosis
e. Can be used for sorting to different serotypes
f. Answers a+C+D are correct
g. Answers b+d+e are correct
h. Answers b+c+e are correct
i. All of the above
25 . The next sentences refer to mycotic infections. Indicate which of the following are correct:
a. all the mycotic infections are opportunist
b. mycotic infections often appear in AIDS patients
c. there is no need isolating the disease factor to diagnose
d. it is recommended to treat patients using the right medications
e. the isolating methods in a lab – are entirely different from the methods that are being used for bacterial identification
f. answers a+d are correct
g. answers c+d are correct
26. opportunistic mycotic infections occur more often in a population which is exposed to different factors. Indicate which of the following sentences are not correct:
a. usage of long term antibacterial medications, for a long timr
b. usage of medications that oppress the immune system
c. anti-diabetic medications
d. presence of T cells in excess
e. answers b+C are correct
f. answers c+d are correct
g. all of the above
27. A Leukemia patient complains about a cough and difficulties in breathing. A roentgen exam of the left lung, showed an ulcer and cavitation. In the sputum of the patient a hyphas with septums were found. In the culture grew hypheas colony. A tuberculin test of he patient was negative. The most probable diagnose is:
a. tuberculosis
b. mucormycosis
c. aspergillosis
d. candidiasis
e. cryptococcosis
28. the binding of polyanic drugs to the cytoplasmic membrane of fungi, is causing primary:
a. hindrance in protein synthesis
b. loss of K+ ions inside the cell
c. accumulation of K+ ions inside the cell
d. hindrance of cell division
e. damage to the mitochondrion inside the cell
29. a man working as a gardener has noticed a scratch on his arm as a result of a spine from a rose bush from the garden. 2 weeks later the wound has grown and a granulometotic neoplasm was formed, which reached the lymph nodes. The wound did not spread beneath the subcutaneous tissue. The patient did not respond to the antibiotic treatment. Looking through a microscope on the matter from the wound a yeast like material was seen. In a cloture which was incubated in 37 ◦c yeast like colonies grew and in 25◦c hyphea colonies grew. The most probable diagnosis is:
a. Sporotrichosis
b. Blastomycosis
c. Coccidioidomycosis
d. Histoplasmosis
e. Paracoccidioidomycosis
30. the next question refers to the chromomycosis disease. Indicate which of the following is not correct:
a. this disease is caused by pigment fungi called dematiceus fungi
b. this is a deep-systemic mycosis
c. it can develop in patients with depressed immune system and also in those who don't belong to this group.
d. is characterized by epithelial hyperplasia accompanied by gronulametotic nodules
e. hyphaic, mostly after a skin trauma
31. a 50 year old woman was brought to the ER, with a powerfull nose bleeding, face swelling, these blains become necrotic. After 2 days a face paralysis develops. The patient is known to be diabetic and passed away after 2 days. In a postmortem hystopatological test, blains in different blood vessels were found, mostly in the face and brain area and also hyphea without septum were found. This patient apparently died from:
a. Candidiasis
b. Gas gangrone
c. Erysipelas
d. Mucormycosis
e. Aspergillosis
f. none of the above
32. fungi and bacteria both have common characteristics. Which of the following characters are common for the 2 of them:
a. The wall contain peptidoglycan
b. Sensitivity for pollianic medication
c. The ATP is formed in the mitochondrion
d. There is a membrane around the nucleus
e. The cytoplasm is wrapped in a cytoplasmatic membrane and a cell wall
f. Answers c+e are correct
g. Answers a+d are correct
h. Answers c+d are correct
33. a 32 year old man was committed in the ER with a fever, neck stiffness, headache and nausea. It was found that near his home was a pigeons nest. In a microscopic examination in the presence of CSF an yeast like. It is probable that the disease which the patient is suffering from is:
a. Cryptococcosis
b. Blastomycosis
C. Mucormycosis
d. Candidiasis
e.Sporotrichosis
34. which of the following candida species creates germ tubes form?
a. Candida tropicalis
b.Candida krusei
c.Candida albicans
d.Candida pseudotropicalis
e.Candida parapsilosis
f.Candida dublinienzis
g.all of the above
e.answers c+f are correct
f.answers a+c are correct
35. the next questions refer to genital infection with candida albicans/ indicate which of the following sentences are not correct:
a. the frequency of this infection is high among pregnant women
b. the infection can be transferred in a sexual touch
c. only harm the cervix of the uterus of women
d. is common only among population with depressed immune system
e. the final diagnosis is made by isolating the organism in a culture
f. answers a+b are correct
g. answers c+d are correct
h. answers b+e are correct
i. answers a+e are correct
36. the infecting unit in the coccidioidomycosis disease is:
a. macroconidium
b.arthrospore
c.microconidium
d.sferule
e.endospore
37. which of the following fungi that strike the central nervous system, cause the disease with the fastest course:
a. Cryptococcus neoformans
b. Mucor sp.
c. Aspergillus sp.
d. Candida tropicalis
e. Coccidioides immitis
f. answers a+b are correct
e. answesr c+d are correct
g. answers b+e are correct
38. a method to recognize fungi which cause systemic diseases is by determining the presence of exoantigens. Indicate in which of the following diseases you will expect to use this test to diagnose the disease:
a. Penicilliosis
b. Coccidioidomycosis
c. Blastomycosis
d. Mucormycosis
e. Chromomycosis
f. answers b+c are correct
g. answers a+b are correct
h. answers c+e are correct
39. 28 year old leukemia patient, neutropenic after a chemotherapy treatment, developed fever. Uren and blood samples were taken and an Intravenous treatment with gentamicin was given. After few hours the fever did not descend, in spite of the antibiotic treatment. Which are the most probable microorganisms responsible for the infection:
a. Cryptococcus neoformans
b. Candida tropicalis
c. Candida albicans
d. Rhizopus sp.
e. Malassezia furfur
f. Answers a+b are correct
g. Answers b+c are correct
h. Answers d+e are correct
40. in continuation to question 39, which treatment would you choose?
a. Nystatin
b. Liposomal amphotericin B
c. Miconazole
d. Terbinafine
e. Griseofulvin
Question 41-45 refer to the operating mechanism of antifungal substance
The picture above is a scheme of a fungus cell. Different antifungal mendicants harm different areas of the cell. The next questions refer to the operating mechanism of these mendicants. Indicate in each question which of the following antifungal mendicants acts according to the operating mechanism indicated in the question:
41. cell wall:
a. Griseofulvin
b. Nikkomycins