RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / Dr. KEVIN SURESHPOST GRADUATE STUDENT
THE OXFORD DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, BOMMANAHALLI, HOSUR ROAD, BANGALORE – 560068
2. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / THE OXFORD DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, BOMMANAHALLI, HOSUR ROAD, BANGALORE – 560068
3. / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY
PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE /3rd JUNE 2013
5. /TITLE OF THE TOPIC
/ TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES OF ANTERIOR TEETH AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG 9-12 YEAR OLD SCHOOL CHILDREN OF RURAL AREAS OF BANGALORE CITY.6. /
BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDYOral health means more than just an attractive smile. Poor oral health and untreated oral diseases and conditions can have a significant impact on quality of life.
A traumatic Dental injurygenerally refers totraumato the face, mouth, and especially the teeth, lips and periodontium. There are few reports available on the epidemiology of injuries to the teeth of children in developing and industrialized countries, especially when compared to the epidemiological data on dental caries and periodontal disease. 1
High level of violence, traffic accidents and a greater Traumatic dental injury has become the most serious dental public health problem in children since a remarkable decline in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in many countries.2.
Hence, the present study is proposed to determine the prevalence of fractured anterior teeth and its relation with predisposing risk factors among 9–12 year old school children of rural areas of Bangalore District.6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
· A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 3702 boys and girls aged 9-14 years, attending public and private primary schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A multi-stage sampling technique using an equal probability scheme was adopted to select the children. The prevalence of dental injuries increased from 8% at the age of 9 years to 13.6% at 12 and 16.1% at 14 years. Boys were 1.7 times more likely to have dental injuries than girls. Children with an overjet size greater than 5.0 mm were 1.37 times more likely to have a dental injury than children with an overjet size equal or lower than 5.0 mm. Finally, children with an adequate lip coverage were 0.56 times less likely to have a traumatic dental injury than those with inadequate lip
coverage.5
· A study was undertaken with an objective to assess Prevalence of dental trauma in 354 boys aged 5–6 years and 862 boys aged 12–14 years, attending 40 schools in Riyadh. The prevalence of dental trauma in boys aged 5–6 years and 12-14 were 33% and 34% respectively. The most common type of dental trauma was fracture of enamel (71%) and (74%) respectively, followed by loss of tooth due to trauma (13%) and (3%) and discolouration (5%) and (4%) respectively. A significant relationship (P=0.02) between the increased over jet (6 mm) and the occurrence of dental trauma in the permanent dentition was reported. The present study found no evidence of dental care provided for traumatised primary incisors in 5–6- year-old boys. 2
· The study was conducted with an objective to assess the epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) to the primary teeth of preschool children, to investigate whether TDI were related to anterior open bite and, whether TDI are related to socio-economic circumstances in an urban Brazilian population. TDI were classified according to the modified classification proposed by Ellis along with the presence of tooth discoloration was recorded. The prevalence of TDI was 9.4%. The maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth. Most children with a TDI experienced traumatic injuries to one tooth (6.3%), while 2.8% had two and 0.4% had three traumatized teeth. The most common crown fracture was in enamel only (68.8%), followed by crown fracture of enamel and dentin (13.8%). Missing teeth following trauma occurred in 10.9% of those with TDI. The prevalence of tooth discoloration was 5.1%. Study concludes that association of socio-economic factors with TDI was not statistically significant.1
· A study was done to assess the epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries to permanent anterior teeth and its relation with predisposing risk factors among 3708 school children of 8–13 years in Vadodara city. All children completed a questionnaire related to history of trauma to their anterior teeth after which they were examined for lip competence, Angle’s molar relationship, amount of overjet and nature of trauma sustained. The result shows that the prevalence of traumatic injuries was 8.79% and the ratio of boys: girl’s was 1.28:1. Inadequate lip coverage group sustained about five times more injuries than the adequate lip coverage group. The maximum traumatic injuries were seen in children having Angle Class II Div 1 molar relationship and/ or overjet greater than 5.5 mm. Maximum number of injuries occurred at 9 years of age. The most predominant injuries were enamel fractures, the most common place for occurrence was home and fall against object was the most frequent cause. . It was concluded that the prevalence of dental injuries in the Vadodara city is high and it has a great potential to be considered as an emerging public health problem. 3
· A study was carried out to assess epidemiological data concerning dental injuries to the permanent incisors of 1830 private and public [6 to 13 year old] school children in AL ramadi city. The results clarified frequency of traumatically injured teeth were higher in class II division I, lip incompetent with increase over jet and overbite value more than 4mm but it was significant when the over jet was more than 4mm and with incompetent lip. Study concludes that special preventive program and correction of predisposing risk factors should be carried out in early mixed dentition period.4
7. / 6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To know the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries of anterior teeth.
2. To find out associated factors for traumatic dental injuries.
3. To know the predisposing risk factors if any.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 SOURCE OF DATA:
School children in the age group of 9-12 years.
7.2 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA:
7.2.1 Inclusion criteria:
1. School children in the age group of 9-12 years who are willing to participate in the study with prior consent from the parents.
7.2.2 Exclusion criteria:
1. Children with the permanent anterior teeth that was lost due to dental caries and other causes.
2. Congenitally missing teeth and deciduous teeth.
3. Root fractures will be excluded as radiographs will not be taken during the clinical recording.
8. / 7.2.3 Study Design:
The cross-sectional study will be conducted in both the public and private schools of Rural areas of Bangalore District. A complete list of schools and formal approval letter from the District education officer as well as from the head of the schools will be obtained to carry out this study.
Based upon the previous literature, the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries is about 10%.2, 3, 4 The sample size is calculated using the following formula,
n = 4pq / I2
Where P=positive character (assumed prevalence) =10%
q = 100-p = 90, I =allowable error =10% of p=1
Hence the estimated sample size is 3600 school children.
A cluster random sampling technique will be adopted, all the children in the age group of 9-12 years will be examined from the randomly selected public and private schools. Children will be examined in their respective schools clinically for any signs of traumatic dental injuries using the modified version of Ellis’ classification6 under artificial light. All cases with positive findings of dental trauma will be further evaluated using prepared format regarding the time, place and cause of trauma and for the presence of any predisposing risk factors like over jet, open bite and lip coverage will be recorded.
Data will be collected and subjected to statistical evaluation and the conclusion drawn.
Ø Chi-square test will be used for categorical variables such as gender, cause of injury and place of occurrence of injury.
Ø Fischer’s exact test will be used to analyze gender, cause of injury and place of occurrence of injury between groups.
If required any other suitable statistical methods will be used at the time of data analysis.
7.2.4 Duration of the Study:
6 months
7.3. Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly.
NO
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
YES
LIST OF REFERENCES:
1. Oliveira LB, Marcenes W, Ardenghi TM, Sheiham A, Bo¨necker M. Traumatic dental injuries and associated factors among Brazilian preschool children. Dent Traumatol. 2007 Apr; 23(2):76-81.
2. Al-Majed I, Murray JJ, Maguire A. The prevalence of dental trauma in 5–6- and 12–14-year-old boys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dent Traumatol. 2001 Aug; 17(4):153-8.
3. Patel MC, Sujan SG. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to permanent anterior teeth and its relation with predisposing risk factors among 8–13 years school children of Vadodara city: an epidemiological study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2012 Apr-Jun; 30(2):151-7.
4. Lamia IS. Oral Factors Predisposing to Injury of Permanent Incisors in School Children in Al-Ramadi City. International Journal of Health and Medical Sciences. 2013; 1: 1: 5- 8.
5. Cortes MIS, Marcenes WA. Sheiham. Prevalence and correlates of traumatic injuries to the permanent teeth of school-children aged 9-14 years in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Dent Traumatol 2001;17:22-26
6. Naidoo S, Sheiham A, Tsakos G. Traumatic dental injuries of permanent incisors in 11- to 13-year-old South African schoolchildren. Dent Traumatol. 2009; 25:224-8.
9. / Signature of the candidate
10. /
Remarks of the guide
/ STUDY IS RECOMMENDED11. / Name and designation of
11.1 Guide / Dr. MANJUNATH.C
READER
DEPT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
THE OXFORD DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
BANGALORE
11.2 Signature
11.3 CO-Guide / Dr. SHILPASHREE .K.B
READER
DEPT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
THE OXFORD DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
BANGALORE
11.4 Signature
11.5 Head of the Department / Dr. S.S HIREMATH
SENIOR PROFESSOR AND HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
THE OXFORD DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
BANGALORE
11.6 Signature / .
12 / 12.1 Remarks of the Principal
12.2 Principals Signature / Dr. PRIYA SUBRAMANIAM
THE OXFORD DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, BOMMANAHALLI, BANGALORE