Biology 218 – Human Anatomy
/ Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2008
52999
MTW 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM
RIDDELL

FNX

Human Life / People / Persons

You have completed an introductory course to Human Anatomy. During the course you noted that there are both commonality and uniqueness of structure between the Primate, Homo sapiens sapiens – (Cadaver) and representative other orders of mammals, the Artiodactyl, Ovis aries (Sheep brain and heart) as well as the Carnivore, Felis silvestris catus, (Domestic cat muscles, circulatory system and viscera). Somehow / at sometime, you became aware that you were observing common, similar, as well as unique , structural differences between the specimens, and that you as a living individual, were utilizing the non-living anatomy experience to prepare for a responsibility to medically treat living organisms. So, the question is………… what is unique about Human life? Is it the same thing to be responsible for the life of a sheep or a cat, as it is to be, responsible for the life of another Human? Health Care, (Human Life Quality Care) as a profession, is an extremely technical, as well as accountable responsibility. It’s important that, you know what you know and know what you don’t know as you go forward in your career as a professional. So, here is an abbreviated check-list for you to consider.

FILL IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE: Mark A, for generally and exclusively True of Humans; B, for Generally True for Humans and Animals; and C, False not generally True of Humans. Provide an answer for Humans only. However, by comparing the potential answers for other types of organisms, you may come to more defined answers.

Assume in this case that, for the example of human ; the case = one of at minimum, an average IQ, has successfully and recently completed a HS education, resides in a developed country, and is physically, emotionally and mentally competent as an adult member of the species.

This page remains purposely blank


Human Characteristics vs. Characteristics of Other Life Forms

Attribute / Characteristic / Humans / Animals
Can successfully adapt to their immediate individual environment / 1. 
Can learn right / correct behavior and the difference between that and wrong / incorrect behavior / 2. 
Are aware of and / or can learn their specific role or purpose within a given social group, population or community / 3. 
Cognizant / reflect / question why as individuals they exist, and what purpose / role they are to play / take / have in the social group, population community in which they find themselves / 4. 
Aware of the birth process in their own species and nurture their own offspring / 5. 
Cognizant that as individuals they were born / 6. 
Create and live and cooperatively behave in social and / or colonial groups / 7. 
Can treat themselves and other species if injured with medical understanding / 8. 
Rely on DNA for differentiation, reproduction success / heredity / 9. 
Development, growth, aging, ability and behavior is regulated by complex hormonal, and nervous system coordination / 10.

General Anatomy

Layers / Levels of Three

Complete the following statements. Choose from Column Layers of 3

Organ / Structure / Superficial
Outer
Terminal / Integrating
Connecting
Intermediate / Deep
Inner
Center
General Nerve / Epineurium / 11. / Endoneurium
General Muscle / 12. / Perimysium / Endomysium
General Bone / Periosteum / 13. / Endosteum
Anterior Torso Musculature / External Oblique / 14. / 15.
Uterus / 16. / Myometrium / Endometrium
Meninges / Duramater / 17. / Pia mater
Stomach Musculature / Longitudinal / Circular / 18.
Eye / 19. Sclera / Choroid / Retina
Long Bone Structure / Epiphysis / 20. / Diaphyysis


Anatomical Membranes

Match the Membrane with it “best fit” definition

# / Membrane / CODE / Choices
21. __
22. __
23. __
24. __
25. __ / Cutaneous
Meninges
Mucous
Serous
Synovial / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC / Encapsulated, self lubricating, weight and stress bearing
Integuement
Lubricating, manages CNS structures
Lubricating, manages flow in and out of body systems
Lubricating, manages movement between organ surfaces
Lubricating, protects internal structures and organs from environment
Non-lubricating, manages bone to muscle connection
Non-lubricating, protects hair shaft
Perineurium
Pia mater


Anatomical Terminology - Structures

Match the Code for the Anatomical Prefix with its common definition

# / DEFINITION / DESCRIPTION / CODE / TERM / TERM
26. __
27. __
28. __
29. __
30. __
31. __
32. __
33. __
34. __
35. __
36. __
37. __
38. __
39. __
40. __
41. __
42. __
43. __
44. __
45. __
46. __
47. __
48. __
49. __
50. __
51. __
52. __
53. __
54. __
55. __
56. __
57. __ / Ankle
Anterior lower leg
Hand
Heart
Anterior pelvis
Buttocks
Cheek
Chest
Chin
CNS Lining
Digits
Elbow
Foot
Forearm
Hand
Head
Inferior foot
Knee cap
Lower anterior leg
Lower back
Lung
Neck
Posterior knee
Posterior lower leg
Prenatal
Shin
Shoulder
Stomach
Thigh
Thumb
Upper leg
Wrist / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE
ABDE
BCDE
ABCDE / §  Abdominal
§  Acromial
§  Antebrachial
§  Brachial
§  Buccal
§  Carpal
§  Cardio
§  Caudal
§  Cephalic
§  Cervical
§  Coronal
§  Coxal
§  Coccid
§  Cranial
§  Crural
§  Femoral
§  Fetal
§  Glossal
§  Gluteal
§  Hallux
§  Inguinal
§  Ischial
§  Lingual
§  Lumbar
§  Manual
§  Meningeal
§  Mental
§  Olecranal
§  Patellar
§  Pedal / §  Pelvic
§  Phalanges
§  Plantar
§  Pleural
§  Pollex
§  Popliteal
§  Pubic
§  Spinal
§  Sural
§  Tarsal
§  Thoracic

Anatomical Terminology – Orientation / Relational

Match the Code for the Anatomical Prefix with its common definition

# / DEFINITION / DESCRIPTION / CODE / TERM
58. __
59. __
60. __
61. __
62. __
63. __
64. __
65. __
66. __
67. __
68. __
69. __
70. __
71. __ / Away from medial
Toward caudal
Divides ant from post
Divides superior from inferior
Divides left from right but not equally
Elevated, above normal
Divides Left from right
Below normal
Above the navel
Closer to the midline
Underneath
Divides across
Same as
In between / A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE / §  caudal
§  contra
§  coronal
§  cranial
§  crural
§  dorsal
§  epigastric
§  hyper
§  hypo
§  inferior
§  inter
§  infra
§  iso / homo
§  lateral
§  medial
§  parasagittal
§  proximal
§  saggital
§  sub
§  sural
§  transverse

Match the term for the following definitions of muscular -skeletal movement.

# / Definition / CODE / TERM
72. __
73. __
74. __
75. __ / Increases the angle between articulating structures in a hinge joint
Movement of a bone or structure toward the midline
Movement that turns the palmar surface posteriorly
Movement of a bone or appendage away from the midline / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC / Abduction
Adduction
Circumflexion
Dorsiflexion
Extension
Flexion
Hyperflexion
Pronation
Supination
None of above

Match the term that “best” fills in the positional relationship.

# / DEFINITION / CODE / TERM
76. __
77. __
78. __
79. __
80. __
81. __
82. __
83. __ / The visceral pleura is ______to the parietal pleura. A
The parietal pericardium is ______to the visceral pericardium.
The parietal peritoneum is ______to the Cutaneous membrane
The periosteum is ______to the endosteum.
The mediastinum is ______to the parietal pericardium.
The patella is ____ to the ankle
The cardia is ____to the pylorus
The renal arteries are ____to the abdominal aorta / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC / Anterior
Deep
Distal
Inferior
Lateral
Medial
Posterior
Proximal
Superior
Superficial

Anatomical Systems

Match the COMPONENTS with the respective SYSTEM to which they are “most closely” associated.

# / COMPONENTS / DESCRIPTION / CODE / SYSTEM NAME
84. __
85. __
86. __
87. __
88. __
89. __
90. __
91. __
92. __
93. __
94. __
95. __ / §  arteries and veins
§  brain stem and spinal nerves
§  epinychium
§  esophagus, liver, pancreas, and anus
§  larynx, pharynx and trachea
§  ligaments
§  ligaments, erythrpoeisis and articulations
§  sudoriferous and sebaceous glands and hair
§  tendons
§  thyroid, pancreas, ovary, and pituitary
§  tonsils, thymus, and spleen
§  umbilicus / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD / §  Cardiovascular
§  Digestive
§  Endocrine
§  Integuement
§  Lymphatic
§  Immune
§  Muscular
§  Nervous
§  Reproductive
§  Respiratory
§  Skeletal
§  Urinary
§  Developmental

Histology

Fill in the classification table with appropriate examples. See Column XII for limited and select choices

Epithelial Tissues

TYPE / Simple / Stratified / Pseudostratified
Columnar / 97.
Columnar Ciliated / nasal passages trachea, bronchi
Cuboidal / 98. / sweat glands
Squamous / mouth throat
Squamous Keratinized / 100.

You are ½ way there!!!!!


Fill in the Missing items from the following tables of classification. See Choices XIII. Use the “most appropriate” single word

Connective Tissues

Fibrous / Fluid / Supportive
Loose e / 101. / 102. / Lymph / Cartilage / 103.
104. / Elastic / 105. / Elastic c / Compact
Areolar / Irregular / Leukocytes / Fibrous / 106.
Reticular / 107. / 108. / 109.

Muscular Tissues

Non Striated / Striated / Striated and Branched
110. / 111. / 112.

Nervous Tissues

Neurons / Neuroglia
CNS / PNS
113. / 114.
Ependymal / Schwan
Microglia
115.

Cells

Table of Cell Junctions / Connections

Mark all codes that apply to these broad functional classes of cell junctions

# / Primary Function / CODE / Choices
116. __
117. __
118. __ / Taut, rigid, securing, occluding
Anchoring
Communicative / A.
B.
C.
D.
E. / Adherens
Gap
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome
Tight

Integument

Table of select Integument Features – Check List

Mark A for Present in Thick, B for Present in Thin, AB for present in both and E if not Present in either.

Definition / Identification / Thick Skin
A / Thin
B
119. Stratum Corneum
120. Stratum lucidum
121. Epidermal ridges
122. Dermal Papillae
123. Sudifrous glands
124. Stratum basale
125. Creuminous glands
ILLUSTRATION / # / CODE / PERCENT
/ 126. Estimate the degree of injury in % for this figure using the Rule of 9‘s. / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
B / 4.5
9.0
13.5
18
22.5
27
31.5
36
40.5
45

Skeleton

Bone membership Classification; Mark A for Appendicular OR B for Axial OR C for Accessory to identify the membership of the bone to these classes of the skeletal system.

# / BONE / Appendicular
A / Axial
B / Axial
Accessory
C
127. _
128. _
129. _
130. _
131. _
132. _
133. _
134. _
135. _
136. _
137. _
138. _
139. __ / Carpals
Coccyx
Ethmoid
Femur
Frontal
Humerus
Hyoid
Incus
Inferior nasal conchae
Phalanx
Sesmoid bones
Temporal
Vomer
Articulations

Complete the following Table of Joint Classification Check List .

Mark A for Synarthrotic, B for Amphiarthrotic, C for Diarthrotic and D for Synovial Mark all that apply.

Structure / Synarthrotic
A / Amphiarthrotic
B / Diarthrotic
C / Synovial
D
140. Sagittal Suture
141. Intervertebral disc
142. Costal facets
143. Teeth
144. Knee
145. Frontal- Nasal Suture
146. Manubrium - Sternum
147. Middle Digit of Phalanges
Muscles

Fill in the following check list for muscle structure and function. Mark all that apply.

Attribute / Cardiac
A / Smooth
B / Skeletal
C
148. Voluntary Control
149. Present in walls of blood vessels
150. Can have agonist vs. antagonist functions / relations
151. Sarcomeres arranged end to end

GENERAL MUSCLE STRUCTURAL ANATOMICAL IDENTIFICATION Choose from Column IV

152. Name this structure ?

153. Name this structure &

154. Name this structure % and $

155. This muscle is in contraction…..A for True B for False

Cardiovascular

Circulatory Flow

If you were an Erythrocyte….Fill in the following structure name in the order from Left lung back to Right Lung for “general pathway’” Systemic circulation . See Choices and note reference.

Structure Type / Structure Name / CODE / CHOICES
Organ
Vessel
Vessel
Vessel
Chamber
Valve
Chamber
Valve
Vessel
Vessel
Vessel
Vessel
Vessel
Chamber
Valve
Chamber
Valve
Vessel
Vessel
Vessel
Vessel
Organ / Left Lung
Left Brochial Capillaries
Left Pulmonary Venules
156. ___
Left Atrium
157. ___
Left Ventricle
158. ___
Aorta
Systemic Arteries
159. ___
Systemic Venules
160. __
161. ___
162. ___
Right Ventricle
163. ___
Pulmonary Trunk
Right Pulmonary Artery
164. ___
Right Bronchiole Capillaries
Right Lung / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD / Aorta
Aortic Semilunar Valve
LAV Bicuspid Valve
Left Atrium
Left Brochial Capillaries
Left Lung
Left Pulmonary Vein
Left Pulmonary Venules
Left Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Trunk
RAV Tricuspid Valve
Right Atrum
Right Bronchiole Capillaries
Right Lung
Right Pulmonary Arterioles
Right Pulmonary Artery
Right Ventricle
Systemic Arteries
Systemic Capillaries
Systemic Venules
Vena Cava

Reference only


NERVOUS SYSTEM

Major Divisions of the CNS