1.  Nobel was a Swede, born in Stockholm on 21st October 1833.



Immanuel, AndriettaAhlsell were his parents.

2.  In 1842 Nobel’s father Immanuel took his family to Russia where he began making land & sea mines which he supplied to the Russian government.

3.  Like his two older brothers Robert & Ludwig Alfred Nobel was schooled at home by private tutors.

4.  As a young man he spent about one year in the United States to study under the Swedish engineer John Ericsson.

5.  Returning to Europe, he soon made a name for himself as an inventor.

6.  Together with his father Alfred Nobel, now began experimenting with explosives.

7.  They started a workshop.

8.  At the workshop one day, an accident occurred: a nitroglycerine explosion wrecked the plant, & Alfred’s youngest brother & several other men were killed in the blast.

9.  A month later Immanuel Nobel suffered a stroke & remained an invalid for the rest of his life.

10.  This left Alfred Nobel to carry on alone.

11.  He now began to set up new factories in Norway & Germany.

12.  The mishap that killed one of the Nobel brothers was not the only one of its kind: Nobel’s factory in Germany blew up; so did a ship off Panama; & other blasts occurred in San Francisco, New York & Australia.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF ALFRED NOBEL:

  • Invention of dynamite:

1.  In 1866 & 1867, Nobel solved the problem.




2.  Nitroglycerine is a highly unstable liquid.

3.  By adding absorbent materials he was able to store it & transport it safely.

4.  To explode it now requires a special detonator.

5.  This new form of nitroglycerine explosive was called ‘dynamite’.

6.  And it became popularly known as Nobel’s safety powder.

7.  In 1871 he built a plant in Ardeer, Scotland, which later became one of the world’s largest dynamite factories.

8.  In 1887 he invented ballistae, the smokeless nitroglycerine powder that most countries soon began to use as gunpowder.

9.  Dynamite is used to blasting rock in quarries.

OTHER INVENTION OF ALFRED NOBEL:

  • HELIUM:


1.  Helium is a type of gas, as it is much lighter than air, which is used to fill balloons & airships. Because it does not react it is safer than hydrogen, which can explode in air.

2. 

Helium is also used to make the voice of the cartoon character Donald Duck.

3.  Sound wave travel faster through the light gas & so when the actor breathes helium, his voice becomes high pitch:

BULB:



1.  In a light bulb an electric current flow through a thin coil of wire called a filament.

2.  The filament has a high electrical resistance & gets so hot that it glow white & gives off light.

  • DEATH OF NOBEL:

1.  When Nobel died in 1896, he left £ 3¼ million in a fund, the interest from which was to provide five international prizes each year.

2.  These are awarded in Stockholm, on the anniversary of his death, to those who have made outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, medical science, world literature & friendship amongst nations.

3.  This last, the peace prize, expressed Nobel’s hope that the world would not misuse his inventions.

Prepared & P resented by:-

R.RAKSHITHA & SUBHA SRI HARI DESPANDE.