Respiratory System

Textbook Chapter 34

Review Book Topic 1

Function

·  Sustain cellular respiration by supplying ______to body cells and removing ______waste from cells

·  Two processes

o  Breathing -

o  Respiration -

Structure

·  Made up of:

Path of Air

·  Step by Step

o  Air enters your ______

o  Cilia/hair line ______

§  Trap foreign particles from the air

§  Sweep particles toward the throat so they do not enter the lungs

o  ______warm and moisten the air whole trapping foreign materials

o  Filtered air passes through upper throat = ______

o  ______is a flap of tissue which prevent food from entering the lungs

§  Allows air to pass from ______to ______(windpipe) which branches into two ______, leading to the ______

o  Gas exchange occurs at the ______

o  Each bronchi branches into smaller ______ending in an individual air sac known as a ______

§  Alveoli are ______cell thick

§  Surrounded by very thin ______

Gas Exchange

·  In alveoli, ______diffuses across the moist, thin walls into ______and then into ______

·  Oxygen is transported by the ______to be released into body cells

·  ______diffuses out of the blood,

into the alveoli to be returned to the atmosphere

Process of Breathing

·  ______directs the rate of breathing by responding to internal stimuli that indicate how much oxygen the body needs

·  When ______concentration is ______, breathing rate ______to increase ______concentrations

·  Inhalation ~ act of ______

o  ______contracts

causing the chest cavity to ______

as the diaphragm moves ______

·  Exhalation

o  Diaphragm relaxes, ______the size

of the chest cavity

Disorders

Lung Disorder / Description
Asthma / Respiratory pathways become irritated and bronchioles constrict
Bronchitis / Respiratory pathways become infected, resulting in coughing and production of mucus
Emphysema / Alveoli break down, resulting in reduced surface area for gas exchange
Pneumonia / Infection of the lungs that causes alveoli to collect mucus material
Pulmonary tuberculosis / A specific type of bacteria infection in the lungs, resulting in less elasticity of blood capillaries surround alveoli, decreases the effectiveness of gas exchange
Lung Cancer / Uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue can leas to persistent cough, shortness of breath, bronchitis or pneumonia, and can lead to death