Chapter 2: The Properties of Matter Study Guide Name _____KEY______academic____

  1. Know the 11 physical and 3 chemical properties we studied.

Physical Properties / Chemical Properties
State / Density / Flammability
Malleability / Color
Ductility / Odor / Solubility
Solubility / Mass
Volume / Reactivity
Thermal Conductivity
  1. ______Density______depends on mass and volume.
  2. Inertia increases as _____mass______increases.
  3. Explain how to measure the volume of water using a graduated cylinder. ______

____lowest part of the meniscus______

  1. Gravity affects an object's ___weight______.
  2. The SI unit of force is the ______Newton______.
  3. __Weight______is dependent on where the object is in relation to Earth.
  4. Two substances that undergo a chemical change together are _____reactive______with one another.
  5. The SI unit for expressing the amount of matter in an object is the ____Kilogram (kg)______.
  6. A sponge and brick that are the same size have the same _____size______, but not the same ______volume______.
  7. The rest of the items on the test are examples of physical and chemical properties and changes and you have to be able to tell which is which. Practice with examples from your book, your notes, and the columns matching game on the website!

Chapter 3 States of Matter Study Guide

  1. The four most familiar states of matter are __solid, liquid, gas, plasma______.
  2. The speed of the ___particles______and the strength of the attraction between them determine the state of ______matter______of the substance.
  3. Particles of __solid______have a strong attraction to each other and vibrate in place.
  4. Solids do NOT change ___shape______in different containers.
  5. An_____amorphous_____ solid has particles that are not in an orderly arrangement.
  6. Liquid particles are able to slide past one another but do not ______move___ independently of each other.
  7. Liquids form spherical drops as a result of _____surface tension_____. The _____meniscus______of a liquid in a graduated cylinder is caused by surface tension.
  8. A substance that pours very slowly has a high ____viscosity______. Honey, tar, and lava are all very viscous substances.
  9. __gas______particles move independently of each other and fast enough to overcome nearly all of the attraction between them.
  10. The amount of force exerted on a given area is called ______pressure_____.
  11. The volume of a gas is always the volume of _____container____.
  12. Boyle’s law states that if you keep the _____temperature ______constant for a fixed amount of gas, a decrease in _____volume______means an increase in the ______pressure______of the gas.
  13. Charles’s Law states that for a fixed amount of _____gas______at a constant pressure, as the temperature of a gas in a balloon ______increases ______the volume of the gas _____increases ______and the speed of the particles ______increases ______.
  14. Plasmas conduct ______electric______current, do not have a definite _____shape or volume______, are affected by magnetic fields, and have particles that are ___broken apart____.
  15. Scientists estimate that more than ___99%___percent of the known matter in the universe is in the plasma state.
  16. On Earth, natural plasmas are found in ______lighting____ and _____fire______.
Name ______academic _____
  1. The auroraborealis is a result of the sun's plasma colliding with _____gas______particles in the upper atmosphere.
  2. By removing or adding _____energy______, a substance can lose or absorb energy, its ______temperature ______can change, its ______state_____ can change, and the speed of its particles can change.
  3. The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is its ______melting point ______. Melting is an___endothermic______change. A substance____energy______energy during an endothermic change.
  4. The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid is its ____freezing point_____. Freezing of any substance occurs when a liquid changes to a solid, regardless of ____temperature______.
  5. A substance loses energy during an_____exothermic______change. Freezing is an exothermic change.
  6. The particles of water that evaporate from an open container have more ____speed______and higher energy than the particles that remain. Water enters the ____atmosphere____ through the process of vaporization. It is an endothermic change.
  7. Boiling is ______vaporization_____ that occurs throughout a liquid. Boiling changes a liquid to a ___gas______.
  8. Condensation is when a substance in a gaseous state changes to a _____liquid______state. For a substance to change from a gas to a liquid, particles must _____clumps______together.
  9. Water redeposits into lakes in the form of rain by ______condensation______. Water forms on the outside of a glass of cold lemonade as a result of condensation. Condensation is an _____exothermic______change.
  10. The change of state from a solid straight to a _____gas______is called sublimation. Energy must be added for sublimation to occur, so it is an _____endothermic______change.
  11. Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is a great example of a substance that undergoes ____sublimation______.
  12. Freezing and melting occur at the same ____temperature______.