Study Guide Test 5
Chapter 16
Know the structures of the conducting zone vs the respiratory zone
Define the following:
Boyle’s Law
Dalton’s Law
Law of Laplace
Henry’s Law
Elasticity
Compliance
Surfactant
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Residual volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Total lung capacity
What do we use to measure % Hb saturation? What is normal? What is normal unloading?
Normal arterial PO2 is______.
Normal alveolar PO2 is______.
Normal venous PCO2 is______.
Normal alveolar PCO2 is ______.
Normal venous PO2 is______.
What is decompression sickness?
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors found? Central chemoreceptors?
What is: hypocapnia?
Hypoxia?
Hypoxemia?
Hypercapnia?
Anemia?
Polycythemia?
What is:
Methemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
Carbaminohemoglobin
What does the Bohr effect state about pH and hemoglobin?
What is the role of 2,3 DPG?
How is CO2 transported in the blood?
What is the chloride shift?
How does the body regulate the acid-base balance of the blood?
What is acidosis?
Alkalosis?
What enzyme causes carbonic acid to be formed?
Chapter 17
What are the functions of the kidney?
Review the innervations of the micturition reflex
Define:
Micturition
Nephron
Glomerulus
Internal and external urethral sphincter ( and how are they controlled?)
Countercurrent multiplier
Net filtration pressure
Reabsorption
Secretion
Obligatory water loss
Glycosuria
PAH (purpose)
GFR
Renal plasma clearance
Know the structure of the nephron and tubular system
Know the structure/function of the filtration barrier in the glomerulus
What are the responses of the afferent arteriole to sympathetic stimulation or hypotension or hypertension?
What is renal autoregulation and how does it affect the afferent arteriole and GFR:
--if BP increases?
--if BP decreases?
Review what happens to Na, Cl and H2O in the loop of henle
Which part of the loop is impermeable to water? Salt?
Trace the osmolarity of the filtrate as it passes through the tubular system.
How is urea transported in the collecting duct?
With respect to Renal Plasma Clearance and GFR:
What happens when a substance is filtered and secreted?
What happens when a substance is filtered only?
What is the purpose of diuretics? And what effect does loop and Thiazide diuretics have on the nephron?
What is the function of aldosterone? What stimulates its release?
What is the function of rennin? What stimulates its release?
Give examples of autoimmune diseases of the kidney.
What are some of the effects of renal insuffiency?
Changes in BP and blood volume are detected where?
How do the kidneys respond to acidosis?
Alkalosis?
**go over the blood flow through the kidney, starting with the renal artery and ending with the renal vein.**
Chapter 18
Define:
Mastication
Deglutition
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Defecation
Absorption
Enteric nervous system
Bolus
Chyme
Intrinsic factor
Rugae
Villi
Microvilli
Plicae circularis
Know the layers/tunics of the digestive tract
Know the functions of:
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Epiglottis
ECL cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Gastrin
Bicarbonate
HCL
Secretin
CCK
Enterokinase
Intestinal microbiota
Kupffer cells
Bile salts
Trypsin
What are zymogens?
Know the phases of gastric secretion and what stimulates each one, as well as what goes on in each one.
Know the functions of HDL, LDL and LVDL
Chapter 20
FSH stimulates what in the male? Female?
LH stimulates what in the male? Female?
What happens to these hormones after menopause?
Define:
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Spermiogenesis
Spermiation
Ovulation
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Graffian follicle
Epididymus
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
Polar body
In males, what occurs(is formed) after: mitosis
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
What is the best form of contraception?
What is in contraceptive pills?
What is the rhythm cycle?
Compare the phases of the uterine and ovarian cycles and which overlap.
What triggers ovulation?