Unit 5 Vocabulary

Directions: Use the textbook index and glossary to define each term.

1. absolutism–(p.594)a government where a ______or ______held ______within the

______. Absolute monarchs’ goal was to ______.

Absolute monarchs believed in ______. (p.595) Absolute monarchies formed because

______provided the wealth to pay for their ambitions, andthe influence of the ______

had declined due to the ______.

2. divine right (theory)–(p.594) the idea that ______created the monarchy and the monarchy, and the

monarch ruled as a ______of ______on earth. An absolute monarch answered to ______

not ______.

3.Scientific Revolution(p.623-24) period in European history when there was a dramatic shift in the way people

thought about the ______. (p.626 chart) The new way of thinking was based on

______, ______, and ______to draw conclusions about

______.

4. Copernicus – (p.624) a scientist who became interested in an old Greek idea that ______

______. This idea became known as the ______theory. At

the end of his life he published a book about his theory, but he could not completely prove it. His theory was

rejected by ______because it ______.

5.Galileo Galilei- (p.625) a scientist who improved and constructed a ______, and thereby

produced evidence to support the claims of ______. Galileo’s findings frightened the

______because ______.

6.Enlightenment – (p.629) 18th Century movement among scholars and ______that was

prompted by ways of thinking started during the ______Revolution. The writers began to

reevaluate old notions about society including ______, religion, economics, and education. The

Enlightenment applied the new scientific method of observation and reason and the power of individuals to

______.

7. John Locke–(p.629-30) was anEnlightenment philosopher who criticized ______in

favor of ______. According to Locke, all people were born with 3 ______.

These were ______, ______, and the ______. He said that the

purpose of government is to ______. If a government fails to do their job he

supported ______.

8.Simon Bolivar– (p.682-683)was a ______who led independence movements in

______against their mother country ______. Bolivar’s idea

Gran Colombia was ______. Due to his deeds

his nicknames are the “______” and “______.”

9.Toussaint L’Ouverture–(p.682)a former ______, Toussaint wasinspired by ______

and the ______Revolutions. Leading a slave revolt of 100,000 was the colony of ______. Toussaint was eventually captured, but Jean

Jacques Dessalines continued Ouverture’s fight and declared the newly independent nation of ______,

the first ______colony to declare freedom from ______control.

10.Reign of Terror–(p. 658) The French Revolution against absolutism started in 1789, and by 1792, the National

Convention took power which granted all ______the right to ______and

______. Most of the people involved in the establishment of the National Convention were from

A radical political party called the ______. In 1793, a Jacobin leader ______dominated

the National Convention government through his role as the head of the Committee on Public Safety. This Committee

sought to protect the Revolution from ______. Most of the enemies were______

whose only crime was being considered ______. All “enemies” were executed by

the guillotine, a machine which ______. About ______were killed during this

chaotic period of rule.

11.constitutional monarchy–(p.617)a government where a ______power was limited

by ______.

12.scorched earth–(p.668) tactic ______used against ______, which involved burning

______and ______so as to leave ______for the

______.

13.coup d’etat–(p.664) also known as just a ______is a French term for a ______

______by a military leader.

(Example: by 1799 the third government during the French Revolution, the Directory, was corrupt and had lost the confidence of the people. Napoleon, a popular military general, was convinced to overthrow the government in a swift coup.)

14.Congress of Vienna–(p.672) a series of meetings in Vienna, Austria called after the defeat of Napoleon.

Prince Metternich of Austria wanted and achieved 3 goals at this meeting: ______,

restore a ______of power in Europe, and to restore ______.