LATIN STUDY GUIDE: 4TH – 5TH GRADE

The final test will test you on the Latin vocabulary we’ve learned as well as on the history we’ve covered. At the end of this packet is a study sheet with all of the words we’ve covered so far and reminders of what you should think about from the history work we’ve done.

On the test, I will have the following types of questions:

1.  Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension: I will have a story, written half in English but with Latin words sprinkled in. You will have to fill in the English meanings for the Latin words and then answer questions about the story.

2.  Roman Numerals and Dates:

o  I will have you write several dates in Latin, including months, dates, days of the week, and years. In the vocabulary story (number 1 above), there will be dates included as well, and you will have to recognize them and understand them in order to answer the questions about the story.

o  You will have to solve some simple math problems using Roman numerals, like on our test in February (the pink one…).

3.  Minimus: I will have a Minimus style cartoon that I’ve made up, using the words we’ve studied in class. You will have to answer questions about the cartoon, such as, “What is happening in the second box of the cartoon?”

4.  Galen: I will have you answer 5 questions about the book, including questions about characters (example: who is ______and what does he/she do to help Galen and his family?), plot, and the format of the book (example: in what ways does the author tell us about Galen’s world?)

5.  Roman Family and Jobs: There will be a short essay question asking you to tell me how Roman families or jobs were similar to and different from their counterparts in the modern world.

6.  Hercules: I will have you compare the Hercules stories we’ve learned to another example of a hero story from another culture.

VOCABULARY

Nouns

dōnum / a present / gift
omnēs / everyone
puer / boy
puella / girl
mater / mother
pater / father
filius / son
filia / daughter
infans / baby
soror / sister
frater / brother

Animals

ursus / masculine / male bear
ursa / feminine / female bear
taurus / masculine / bull
vacca / feminine / cow
simius / masculine / male monkey
simia / feminine / female monkey
gallus / masculine / rooster
gallina / feminine / hen
pullus / masculine / baby chick
canis / masc/fem / dog, male and female
rana / feminine / frog
porcus / masculine / pig (male)
porca / feminine / sow (female pig)
mus / masculine / mouse
feles / feminine / cat
leo / masculine / lion
lea / feminine / lioness
lacertus / masculine / lizard (male)
lacerta / feminine / lizard (female)
serpens / feminine / snake

New Nouns with –a endings

femina / feminine / woman
puella / feminine / girl
agricola / masculine / farmer
nauta / masculine / sailor
villa / feminine / big country house
casa / feminine / house, hovel
familia / feminine / household, immediate family


Verbs

habēo / I have
salvēte! / hello (to more than one person)
sedēte! / sit down!
salve! / hello!

The Verb “To Be”

sum / I am
es / you are
Est / he/she/it is
sumus / we are
Estis / you all are
sunt / they are

Other Verbs

ambulo, ambulat / I walk, he/she/it walks
amo, amat / I love, he/she/it loves
aro, arat / I plow, he/she/it plows
ceno, cenat / I dine, he/she/it dines
cogito, cogitat / I think, he/she/it thinks
curo, curat / I take care of, he/she/it takes care of
designo, designat / I appoint/choose, he/she/it appoints, chooses
demonstro, demonstrat / I demonstrate, he/she/it demonstrates
do, dat / I give, he/she/it gives
explico, explicat / I explain, he/she/it explains
habito, habitat / I live/inhabit, he/she/it lives/inhabits
invito, invitat / I invite, he/she/it invites
laboro, laborat / I work, he/she/it works
libero, liberat / I rescue/free, he/she/it rescues/frees
narro, narrat / I tell, he/she/it tells
navigo, navigat / I navigate, he/she/it navigates
pugno, pugnat / I fight, he/she/it fights
rogo, rogat / I ask, he/she/it asks
specto, spectat / I watch, he/she/it watches
sto, stat / I stand, he/she/it stands


Adjectives (words that describe nouns)

expectātissimus / very welcome
fāmōsa / famous
pulcher / pulchra / beautiful

Colors

canus, cana / grey
fuscus, fusca / brown
rubrus, rubra / red
flavus, flava / yellow
caeruleus, caerulea / blue
prasinus, prasina / green
rosaceus, rosacea / pink
flammeus, flammea / orange
atrus, atra / black
albus, alba / white
purpureus, purpurea / purple

Other Words

fēlīx diēs tibi sit! / Happy Birthday! (May you have a happy day!)
grātiās tibi agō / I thank you
et / and

Months

Ianuarius / January
Februarius / February
Martius / March
Aprilis / April
Maius / May
Iunius / June
Iulius / July
Augustus / August
September / September
October / October
November / November
December / December

Roman Soldier Words

chariot / in ancient times, a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle driven from a standing position
phalanx / A formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears, developed by Philip II of Macedon and used by Alexander the Great
infantry / the soldiers who fight on foot, usually the poorer men; Rome's infantry was one of the greatest in history
cavalry / the soldiers who fight from horseback, usually the richer men; the ancient German and African cavalries were spectacular
maneuver / a planned military movement, as of troops, ships, or tanks
gladius / Roman short sword, used by infantry
clipeus / large, round shield
cuirass / chest armor, usually shaped to fit the chest perfectly
ocrea / metal legging armor
scutum / very large, oval shield strapped to left arm
hasta / spear
galea / helmet
parma / 3-foot wide round shield, used by skirmishers
skirmish / A minor battle in war, as one between small forces or between large forces avoiding direct conflict
siege / a type of battle where one army surrounds another, which is barracaded inside a fort or stronghold
Carthage / city in Northern Africa
Phoenicia / ancient kingdom in the Middle East
equites / Roman knights
equus / horse
legion / The major unit of the Roman army consisting of 3,000 to 6,000 infantry troops and 100 to 200 cavalry troops

Numbers

I, II, III / 1, 2, 3
IV / 4
V / 5
VI, VII, VIII / 6, 7, 8
IX / 9
X / 10
XI, XII, XIII / 11, 12, 13
XIV / 14
XV / 15
XVI, XVII, XVIII / 16, 17, 18
XIX / 19
XX / 20
L / 50
C / 100
M / 1000


HISTORY

FAMILIES UNIT

o  Paterfamilias (the oldest male member of the family)

o  Women’s roles

o  Family names: how do Romans get their names (HINT: boys and girls are different!)?

HERCULES

ª  The Twelve Labors

o  What are they?

o  Why does Hercules feel he must suffer through 12 Labors?

ª  Characters in the stories

o  Who is Hercules’ human enemy?

o  Who is his enemy among the gods and goddesses?

GALEN

o  Who are the main characters?

o  What methods does the author use to tell the story?

o  What point of view is the story told from?

o  What is the setting of the story?