Name: ______Date: ______Class: ______

MCA (Due) DATE: ______

BIOLOGY 2ND QUARTER MCA REVIEW GUIDE

1.  Osmosis

Hypotonic / Isotonic / Hypertonic
Concentration of solute
Net water movement
Effect on cell
Example

Define equilibrium

Define osmosis

Explain a concentration gradient.

What is a contractile vacuole used for in unicellular organisms?

2.  Cell Organelles

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

What does it mean to be selectively permeable?

Complete the following table:

Organelle / Function in the cell / Role in Protein Synthesis
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Vacuole
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast / None
Flagellum
Cilia
Lysosome

List the levels of organization from smallest to largest.

List and describe the structures found in all bacteria.

What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

What is the function of a cell wall?

3. The Human Body

Define the following terms and give their functions.

Homeostasis

Epidermis

Dermis

Melanin

Hair

Sweat gland

Mouth

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Accessory Structures (Liver, Pancreas, Salivary Glands)

Thyroid gland

Sensory neurons

Motor neurons

Neuron

CNS and PNS

Diaphragm

Blood

Capillaries

Veins

Arteries

Diffusion

White blood cells

Red blood cells

Kidneys

Urinary Bladder

Which systems work together to move your leg? (3)

Which systems provide support for the body? (2)

What path does a nutrient take to get from your small intestine into a body cell?

If you have too much carbon dioxide in your blood, which systems are responsible for removing it? (3)

What are vaccines and what is their purpose?

What is the greatest risk when you cut or damage your skin?

Why is hair important to mammals?

What are pimples?

What is the purpose of melanin and what layer of skin is it found in?

Describe the flow of blood between the heart and lungs. What is the purpose for this?

Describe how the diaphragm works when a person breathes.

What process allows oxygen to move from the lungs into capillaries? Diagram this.

Describe the function of each of the systems.

Integumentary

Skeletal

Muscular

Digestive

Endocrine

Nervous

Respiratory

Circulatory

Urinary

Reproductive

Lymphatic (Immune)

Review the following list of materials transported by the body. Describe which materials are taken from the blood and released by the blood for each system.

·  Oxygen

·  Carbon Dioxide

·  Glucose

·  Nitrogen-based waste

·  Hormones

·  Amino Acids (Proteins)

·  Blood cells

·  Nutrients (vitamins, calcium ions)

Explain how the nervous system responds to a stimulus. (Brain, spinal cord, nerves, senses, stimulus, reflex, response, impulse, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system)

Explain how the endocrine system would respond to being scared. (hormone, gland, feedback, homeostasis, stimulus, response, target tissue, secretion)

Explain how the immune system responds to a virus. (antigen, white blood cell, passive immunity, antibody, white blood cell, passive immunity, antibody, homeostasis, 1st exposure, inflammation, secretions, 2nd exposure).