Unit 9: Nationalism and Imperialism Study Guide Chapters 22 – 25

By: Kenny Allen 4/9/15

*  What is Nationalism?

o  A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country. (Pg. 404, Ch. 18)

*  Who was Otto von Bismark?

o  A Prussian chancellor who used his “blood and iron” policy to unite German states under Prussian rule.

·  What is a Kaiser?

o  An emperor.

·  Where are Prussia and Austria?

o  Prussia was located in Germany, and Austria was located south of Germany.

·  Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?

o  A longtime nationalist and ally of Mazzini, Garibaldi fought for unification of Italy.

·  What is an anarchist?

o  Someone who wants to abolish all government. (Pg. 518, Ch. 22)

·  What was the dual monarchy?

o  When two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, share customs, and have a combined military. The kingdoms are still self-governing, however.

·  What was Bloody Sunday (1905) and what were its causes and results?

o  The result from news of the military in Russia. Due to protesters, workers going on strike, demanding shorter hours and better wages, a priest organized a march for Sunday January 22, 1905. Marchers flowed through St. Petersburg to the Tsar’s winter palace. They chanted prayers and sang songs as they carried Holy icons, as well as a petition for justice and freedom.

·  Who was Queen Victoria? Give one characteristic of the Victorian Age.

o  Queen of England from 1837-1905, had the longest reign, and set the tone for the Victorian Age. It was a time of peace and self-confidence for Britain.

·  What is suffrage? Give one example of expansion of suffrage.

o  The right to vote, example: The Disraeli and the Conservative party passed a reform Bill of 1867, giving many working class men suffrage.

·  Where is the Suez Canal? Explain its importance.

o  In Egypt, it was built to link the Mediterranean to Red Sea and Indian Ocean.

·  What was the Dreyfus Affair?

o  An Anti-Semitism, prejudice against Jewish people, event; centered on the 1894 wrongful conviction of Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in the French army. (Pg. 550 - 551, Ch. 23)

·  What is Zionism? Explain its rise.

o  A movement devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in the ancient homeland. A Zionist congress met periodically, and offered a political approach.

·  What is Manifest Destiny?

o  A belief that the expansion of the US throughout America was justified.

·  What is imperialism?

o  Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. (Pg. 564, Ch. 24)

·  What is a sphere of influence?

o  Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges. (Pg. 567, Ch. 24)

·  What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

o  The Berlin Conference, set up by Otto von Bismarck, was organized to divide Africa into different territories for all of the countries using Africa.

·  What was the Boer War? Who fought in it and over what?

o  The Boers, Dutch decedents of Africa, fought the British as they came into Africa for goods and resources.

·  What is genocide?

o  Deliberate attempt to destroy an entire religious or ethnic group. (Pg. 578, Ch. 24)

·  Who were the Sepoys? What was their relationship to the British?

o  Indians, of India, who had an alliance with Britain’s East India Company for trade.

*  What were the cause and effects of the Sepoy Rebellion?

o  The British allowed wives to remarry, along with destroying some other traditions and customs. The British also made their guns with pig and cow animal parts, which was against their customs. This caused much anger with the Sepoys, and they fought back violently.

·  What was the Opium War? What caused it?

o  British traders were trading opium into China instead of silver. The drug was highly addictive, which led to tension between the countries and then to war. Treaties were signed, and Britain received new trading ports from China.

·  What was the Taiping Rebellion? What caused it?

o  In 1850, Christian peasant Hong Xiuquan led a revolt in China during the Qin Dynasty. He set up the “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” (Taiping), and the war lasted for 14 years. About 30 million people were killed before the rebellion was destroyed.

·  What is an Open Door Policy? What was its role in Asia?

o  Helped shape trade with China by giving equal privileges to the countries who participated in it. It was established in 1899 – 1900.

·  What was the Meiji Restoration? How did it change Japan?

o  A revolution that restored imperial rule to Japan, under the emperor Meiji. This brought about the Westernization and modernization of Japan.

·  Where is French Indochina?

o  French Indochina is made up of the three states of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

·  What is the Monroe Doctrine?

o  American policy of discouraging European intervention in the Western Hemisphere. (Pg. 619, Ch. 25)

·  Where is the Panama Canal? What were the results of its completion?

o  The Panama Canal was built across the Isthmus of Panama, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The Panama Canal drastically opened trade for many countries by creating a “shortcut” for ships to go through.

Key Questions

1.  What were the cause and effects of unification of Germany and Italy?

Germany – Prussian Junker, an aristocratic landowner, Otto von Bismarck pushed for German unification. He used his “blood and iron” speech and his knowledge of realpolitik, politics primarily based on power. Prussia took over several German lands, and won against Austria in a war. This caused Austria to remove itself from all German affairs. Bismarck then started a war with France to unite the German lands with a common enemy. Prussia and the German lands won the war, and the German Empire started. Germany then became a major European power.

Italy – Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi failed to unite Italy through democracy. Aristocratic politician Camillo di Cavour, however, united Italy under the Sardinian king Victor Immanuel II. Cavour made an alliance with France and got into wars. With these wars, other Italian city-states joined Sardinia through inspiration. Garibaldi then tried to unite other city-states with his own followers, but was stopped by Cavour, and surrendered to Sardinia for unification. Italy was then united under Sardinian king Victor Immanuel II. Italy then became a major European power.

2.  What were the social and economic reforms made by Western democracies?

A.  Examples: Lytton’s hunger strike, women’s suffrage protest, trade between countries without restrictions, repealing laws, movements against slavery, and labor reform laws.

3.  How did imperialist European powers claim control over most of Africa?

A.  Most of Africa had no contact with the Europeans, and so taking over the continent was easy.

4.  How did European nations extend their power into Muslim regions of the world?

A.  European nations used military threats, and used treaties to give them good trading. They also demanded special rights for the Europeans living in the Muslim lands.

5.  How did Western powers use diplomacy and war to gain power in China?

A.  Great Britain used the Opium War to get China to pay them indemnities. Other Western powers, including Great Britain, were involved in wars with China, and forced China to sign treaties opening more trade with the nations.

6.  How did Japan become a modern industrial power?

A.  After the Meiji restoration, Japan learned about many new Western technologies. Japan educated itself more about the West, and other aspects like law.

7.  How did Nationalism lead to World War One?

A.  Nationalism led to overconfidence and arrogance, which involved nations insulting each other through popular culture and other media.