DIRECCIÓN DE PLANEACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN

COORDINACIÓN GENERAL DEL PROGRAMA DE INGLÉS “PROGRESS”

COORDINACIÓN ACADÉMICA

NEPBE’s Study Programs

Glossary

Cycle 1

Terms / Definition / Page
ascribes…to…
(phrasal verb) / • to believe that something was said, written or created by a particular person.
After years of research, scholars have finally ascribed this anonymous play to Christopher Marlowe. / 5
attain (verb) / • to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve.
He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.
We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.
India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle. / 5
geared (verb) / • to design or organize something so that it is suitable for a particular purpose, situation or group of people.
Most public places are simply not geared to the needs of people with disabilities.
The workshops are geared towards helping people to become more employable.
These advertisements are geared towards a younger audience. / 6
imbue (phrasal verb) / • imbue sth/sb with sth
to fill something or someone with a particular feeling, quality or idea
His poetry is imbued with deep, religious feeling. / 7
traits (noun) / • a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour.
His sense of humour is one of his better traits.
Arrogance is a very unattractive personality/character trait. / 8
hinder (verb) / • to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something.
High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze.
Her progress certainly hasn't been hindered by her lack of experience. / 8
poses (verb) / • [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty
Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.
The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers. / 8
keen (adjective) / • very interested, eager or wanting (to do) something very much.
They were very keen to start work as soon as possible.
Joan wanted to go to a movie but I wasn't keen (= I didn't want to go).
She's a keen tennis player.
She's keen on (playing) tennis.
UK My son's mad keen on cycling.
He's rather keen on a girl in his school (= he is very attracted to her). / 9
sparked (verb) / • to cause the start of something, especially an argument or fighting.
This proposal will almost certainly spark another countrywide debate about how to organize the school system.
The recent interest rises have sparked new problems for the Government.
The visit of the all-white rugby team sparked off (= caused the start of) mass demonstrations. / 9
benchmarks (verb) / • to measure the quality of something by comparing it with something else of an accepted standard.
His reports pointed out that we do not have reliability in the sense of all schools being benchmarked against the best. / 9
typographical (adjective) / • the style, size and arrangement of the letters in a piece of printing.
a typographical error / 9
conveyors (noun) / • means of transmitting:a person or thing that carries or transmits something, especially news.
a conveyor of good tidings. / 9
entails (verb) / • to make something necessary, or to involve something.
Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk.
[+ -ing verb] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money. / 10
stem (verb) / • to stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing.
These measures are designed to stem the rise of violent crime.
We must take action to stem the tide of resignations. / 10

Cycle 1

Terms / Definition / Page
scarce (adjective) / • not easy to find or get.
Food and clean water were becoming scarce.
scarce resources. / 11
get…acquainted (verb) / • be acquainted with something
to know or be familiar with something, because you have studied it or have experienced it before.
Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store. / 11
rationale (noun) / • the reasons or intentions for a particular set of thoughts or actions.
I don't understand the rationale behind the council's housing policy. / 12
bear (verb) / • [T] to have or continue to have something.
Their baby bears a strong resemblance/an uncanny likeness to its grandfather.
[+ two objects] I don't bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them).
Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it). / 12
attained (adjective) / • to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. / 13
bullet (noun) / • a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. / 14
scarcity (noun) / • when something is not easy to find or get.
the scarcity of skilled workers. / 15
farewell (adjective) / • when someone says goodbye.
a farewell party. / 16
aesthetic (adjective) / • relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty.
The new building has little aesthetic value/appeal. / 16
Third Grade /Preschool
intended audience (adjective/noun) / • to have as a plan or purpose with a group of people together in one place.
[+ object + to infinitive] I don't think she intended me to hear the remark.
The course is intended for an audience of intermediate-level students.
It was intended as a compliment, honestly! / 22
edible (adjective) / • suitable or safe for eating.
Only the leaves of the plant are edible. / 22
nodding (noun) / • to lower and raise the head quickly, as in agreement or acknowledgment.
a nod of affirmation. / 25
appliances (noun) / • a device, machine or piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house, such as a cooker or washing machine.
electric/domestic/household appliances / 29
First Grade /Elementary
textual components (adjective/noun) / • relating to parts which combine with other parts to form something bigger in written or printed materials.
television/aircraft/computer components
• related to the way in which something has been written.
textual analysis / 33
vignettes (noun) / • a short piece of writing, music, acting, etc. which clearly expresses the typical characteristics of something or someone.
She wrote several vignettes of small-town life. / 33
writing system (adjective/noun) / • [C] a way (method) of writing which can be recognized.
We'll have to work out a proper filing system.
Under our education system, you're supposed to be able to choose the type of schooling that your child receives.
Do you recognise the writing on the envelope? / 33
mechanics of writing (noun) / • [plural] informal: the way something works or happens (e.g. the writing).
He knows a lot about the mechanics of running a school. / 33
word formation
(adjective/noun) / • [C] the way something (the word) is naturally made or the way it has been arranged.
a rock formation
cloud formations / 33
repertoire (noun) / • all the music or plays, etc. that you can do or perform or that you know.
The Royal Shakespeare Company also have many modern plays in their repertoire.
There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute. / 33
mother tongue (adjective/noun) / • the first language that you learn when you are a baby, rather than a language learned at school or as an adult. / 33

Cycle 1

First Grade /Elementary
Terms / Definition / Page
product (noun) / • a/the product of something: a/the result of something.
A figure like that is usually the product of many hours spent in the gym.
She had a very happy childhood, and I guess her confidence is a product of that. / 33
setting (noun) / • [C usually singular] the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc. happens.
The play has its setting in a wartime prison camp.
a place setting / 34
mobile (noun) / • a decoration or work of art which has many parts that move freely in the air, for example hanging from threads. / 38
Second Grade /Elementary
stanzas (noun) / • In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with strophe. Stanza refers to a grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter and rhyme, a section of a poem containing a number of verses. / 43
graphs (noun) / • a picture which shows how two sets of information or variable amounts are related, usually by lines or curves.
This graph shows how crime has varied in relationship to unemployment over the last 20 years. / 44
rehearse (verb) / • [I or T] to practise a play, a piece of music, etc. in order to prepare it for public performance.
The musicians rehearsed (the symphony) for the concert.
[Figurative] On her way to her interview she silently rehearsed what she would say. / 45
instill (verb) / • to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way they think or behave
It is part of a teacher's job to instill confidence in/into his or her students. / 45
ad (noun) / • informal for an advertisement
I often prefer the ads on TV to the actual programmes. / 45
roulette (noun) / • a game of chance in which a small ball is dropped onto a wheel that is spinning and the players guess in which hole it will finally stop. / 46
browse (verb) / • [I] to look through a book or magazine without reading everything, or to walk around a shop looking at several things without intending to buy any of them.
I was browsing through fashion magazines to find a new hairstyle.
"Are you looking for anything in particular, madam?" "No, I'm just browsing." / 47
countryside (noun) / • land not in towns, cities or industrial areas, which is either used for farming or left in its natural condition.
The countryside around there is lovely.
The mansion is set in 90 acres of beautiful, unspoilt countryside.
Every summer thousands of people flock to the countryside. / 47
acquaintances (noun) / • [U] formal knowledge of a subject.
Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited. / 50
flaps (noun) / • additional piece
[C] a piece of cloth or other material fixed along one edge, especially used for covering or closing something.
a pocket flap
a tent flap (= a piece of cloth which acts like a door)
A small flap of skin can be seen above the wound. / 50
currency (noun) / • C or U] the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time
foreign currency / 52
mistaken (verb) / • to be wrong about or to fail to recognize something or someone
You can't mistake their house - it's got a bright yellow front door.
FORMAL I mistook your signature and thought the letter was from someone else. / 56
pitcher (noun) / • UK a large container with a wide round base, straight sides and a narrow opening at the top, used in the past for holding water or another liquid.
an earthenware pitcher.
• US for jug (CONTAINER)
a pitcher of beer/water/lemonade / 57

Cycle 2

Terms / Definition / Page
boundless (adjective) / • having no limit.
boundless optimism
She has boundless energy and enthusiasm. / 6
target (adjective) / • a language that you are changing spoken or written words into. / 6
sought (verb) / • (past simple and past participle of seek)
[T] to try to find or get something, especially something which is not a physical object.
"Are you actively seeking jobs?" she asked.
Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy. / 7
threshold (noun) / • [C usually singular] the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something starts to happen.
I have a low/high boredom threshold (= I do/don't feel bored easily).
His secretary earns £268 a month, well below the threshold for paying tax. / 7
breakthrough (noun) / • any significant or sudden advance, development, achievement, or increase, especially in knowledge, technique or diplomacy, that removes a barrier to progress.
a medical breakthrough
The jet engine was a major breakthrough in air transport. / 7
layout (noun) / • the way that something is arranged.
I like the layout of the house.
Application forms vary greatly in layout and length. / 7
ludic (adjective) / • playful in an aimless way.
the ludic behavior of kittens. / 8
enable (verb) / • to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible.
[+ to infinitive] Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half. / 8
domain (noun) / • an area of interest or an area over which a person has control.
She treated the business as her private domain.
These documents are in the public domain (= available to everybody). / 8
cease (verb) / • to stop something.
Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.
The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.
[+ to infinitive] Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax. / 8
decoding (gerund) / • [I or T] to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way.
Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences. / 8
depriving (gerund) / • to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone.
He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights.
You can't function properly when you're deprived of sleep. / 9
entails (verb) / • to make something necessary, or to involve something.
Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk.
[+ -ing verb] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money. / 9
stem (verb) / • to arise or originate.
This project stems from last week's lecture. / 10
acumen (noun) / • skill in making correct decisions and judgments in a particular subject, such as business or politics.
She has considerable business/financial acumen. / 10
literacy (noun) / • the ability to read and write
Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy.
• knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge
Computer literacy is becoming as essential as the ability to drive a car. / 10
scarce (adjective) / • not easy to find or get.
Food and clean water were becoming scarce.
scarce resources / 10
acquainted (verb) / • be acquainted with something.
to know or be familiar with something, because you have studied it or have experienced it before.
Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store. / 11
pose (verb) / • [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty.
Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.
The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers. / 11

Cycle 2