Caster Oil , Bees Wax , Lanolin , Cod Liver Oil , Kokum Butter

-Lecture ( 3 C )

---Caster oil , bees wax , lanolin , cod liver oil , kokum butter

Carbohydrates&

derived products------Acacia , agar , guar gum ,pectin , honey , ispaghula

Resins & resin ------colophony , jalap , balsam of tolu

Combinations

Vitamins &hormones -----yeast , shark liver oil , oxytocin , insulin

Proteins &enzymes ------gasein , gelatin , papasins , trypsin

Pharmacological (therapeutic) classification

This system of classification involves the grouping of crude drugs according to the pharmacological action of their chief active constituent of their therapeutic uses i:e the drugs are grouped together they exhibit similar pharmacological action pharmacological action e.g gascara , caster oil , senna , jalap are grouped together as purgatives or laxatives because of their common pharmacological action , similarly gentian , cinchona , nux vomica &swertia are grouped as bitters .The drugs differing in mechanism of action , but with the same pharmacological effect e.g bulk purgatives , irritant purgatives , emollient purgatives etc. Some drug could be classified under two pharmacological headings, since they exhibit two different action e.g cinchona is classified both ant malarial & bitter tonic.

An outline for pharmacological classification of crude drugs is as follows.

(i)Drugs acting on gastric-intestinal tract:

Bitters Gentain,Cinchona

Carminatives Dill ,Cardamom

Emetics Ipecacuanha

Anti-amoebics Kurchi , Ipecacuanha

Bulk laxatives Agar ,ispaghhula ,Banana

Purgatives Senna ,Casteor oil

Peptic ulcer Derivatives of Glycyrrhetinic acid (lquorice), treatment Raw banana

(ii)Drugs acting on respiration system

Expectorants Liquorice ,ipecacuanha ,vasaka

Antiexpectorants Stramonium leaves (atropine)

Antitussives Opium (codeine ,noscapine)

Bronchodilators Ephedra ,tea(theophylline)

(iii)Drugs acting on cardio-vascular system

Cardiotonics digitalis, squill ,strophanthus

Cardiac depressants Cinchona(quinidine) ,veratrum

Vasco-constrictors Ergot (ergotamine) ,ephedra

Antihypertensives Rauwolfia

(iv)Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system

Adrenergics Ephedra

Cholinergics Physostigma ,pilocarpus

Anticholinergics Belladonna ,datura

(v) Drugs acting on central nervous system

Central analgesics Opium (morphine)

CNS stimulants Coffee(caffeine)

Analeptics Nux –vomica ,lobelia ,camphor

Hallucinogenics Cannabis ,poppy latex

(vi)Antispasmodics

Smooth muscle relaxants Opium (papaverine),Hyocyamus

Skeletal muscle relaxants Curare

(vii)Anticancer Vinca ,podophyllum, camptotheca ,taxus

(viii)Antirheumatics Aconite, colchicum ,guggul

(ix)Anthelmintics Quassia, male fern, vidang

(x)Immuno-modulatory agents Ashwagandha, tulsi, ginseng, asparagus,

Picrorrhiza kurroa

(xi)Drugs acting on skin Olive oil, wool fat, bees wax, arachis oil,

And mucous membrane Sesame oil, balsam of tolu,balsam of peru.

(xii)Astringents Myrobalan, black catehu

(xiii)antimalarrials Cinchona, Artemisia

(xiv)Immunising agents Vaccines, sera, toxooids, antitoxins

(xv)Drugs acting

Chemotherapeutically Antibiotics

(xvi)Local anaesthetics Coca